A327145 -id:A327145 - cp's OEIS frontend

A327071 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and at least one bridge, or graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

0, 0, 1, 3, 28, 475, 14736, 818643, 82367552, 15278576679, 5316021393280, 3519977478407687, 4487518206535452672, 11116767463976825779115, 53887635281876408097483776, 513758302006787897939587736715, 9668884580476067306398361085853696

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

nonn

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Connected graphs with no bridges are counted by A095983 (2-edge-connected graphs).

The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

Jean-François Alcover and Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..82 [using A001187 and b-file from A095983]
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Bridged Graph

Column k = 1 of A327069.
The unlabeled version is A052446.
Connected graphs without bridges are A007146.
The enumeration of labeled connected graphs by number of bridges is A327072.
Connected graphs with exactly one bridge are A327073.
Graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327079.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327111.
Covering set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327145.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are A327146.
Cf. A001187, A001349, A006125, A059166, A322395, A327071, A327077, A327099, A327144.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],spanEdgeConn[Range[n],#]==1&]],{n,0,4}]

a(1) = 0; a(n > 1) = A001187(n) - A095983(n).

A263296 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of graphs with n vertices with edge connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 2, 1, 13, 10, 8, 2, 1, 44, 52, 41, 15, 3, 1, 191, 351, 352, 121, 25, 3, 1, 1229, 3714, 4820, 2159, 378, 41, 4, 1, 13588, 63638, 113256, 68715, 14306, 1095, 65, 4, 1, 288597, 1912203, 4602039, 3952378, 1141575, 104829, 3441, 100, 5, 1

Offset: 1

Christian Stump, Oct 13 2015

This is spanning edge-connectivity. The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a graph that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices. The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph (A327236) is the minimum number of edges that must be removed to obtain a graph whose edge-set is disconnected or empty. Compare to vertex-connectivity (A259862). - Gus Wiseman, Sep 03 2019

			Triangle begins:
     1;
     1,    1;
     2,    1,    1;
     5,    3,    2,    1;
    13,   10,    8,    2,   1;
    44,   52,   41,   15,   3,  1;
   191,  351,  352,  121,  25,  3, 1;
  1229, 3714, 4820, 2159, 378, 41, 4, 1;
  ...

Georg Grasegger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..78 (rows 1..12)
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The edge connectivity of a graph.
Jens M. Schmidt, Combinatorial Data
Gus Wiseman, Unlabeled graphs with 5 vertices organized by spanning edge-connectivity (isolated vertices not shown).

Row sums give A000088, n >= 1.
Columns k=0..10 are A000719, A052446, A052447, A052448, A241703, A241704, A241705, A324096, A324097, A324098, A324099.
Number of graphs with edge connectivity at least k for k=1..10 are A001349, A007146, A324226, A324227, A324228, A324229, A324230, A324231, A324232, A324233.
The labeled version is A327069.
Cf. A002494, A095983, A259862, A327076, A327108, A327109, A327111, A327144, A327145, A327147, A327236.

a(22)-a(55) added by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 11 2019

A327111 BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Aug 25 2019

nonn

A binary index of n is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. The binary indices of n are row n of A048793. We define the set-system with BII-number n to be obtained by taking the binary indices of each binary index of n. Every set-system (finite set of finite nonempty sets) has a different BII-number. For example, 18 has reversed binary expansion (0,1,0,0,1), and since the binary indices of 2 and 5 are {2} and {1,3} respectively, the BII-number of {{2},{1,3}} is 18. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges.

The spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty set-system.

			The sequence of all set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 together with their BII-numbers begins:
   1: {{1}}
   2: {{2}}
   4: {{1,2}}
   5: {{1},{1,2}}
   6: {{2},{1,2}}
   7: {{1},{2},{1,2}}
   8: {{3}}
  16: {{1,3}}
  17: {{1},{1,3}}
  20: {{1,2},{1,3}}
  21: {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}
  22: {{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
  23: {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
  24: {{3},{1,3}}
  25: {{1},{3},{1,3}}
  28: {{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
  29: {{1},{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
  30: {{2},{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
  31: {{1},{2},{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
  32: {{2,3}}

Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are counted by A095983.
BII-numbers for vertex-connectivity 1 are A327098.
BII-numbers for non-spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327099.
BII-numbers for spanning edge-connectivity 2 are A327108.
BII-numbers for spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327109.
Set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are counted by A327130.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are counted by A327145.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are counted by A327146.
Cf. A013922, A322395, A326749, A327041, A327069, A327071, A327097, A327144, A327145.

bpe[n_]:=Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1];
csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Select[Range[0,100],spanEdgeConn[Union@@bpe/@bpe[#],bpe/@bpe[#]]==1&]

A327144 Spanning edge-connectivity of the set-system with BII-number n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 31 2019

nonn

A binary index of n is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. The binary indices of n are row n of A048793. We define the set-system with BII-number n to be obtained by taking the binary indices of each binary index of n. Every set-system (finite set of finite nonempty sets) has a different BII-number. For example, 18 has reversed binary expansion (0,1,0,0,1), and since the binary indices of 2 and 5 are {2} and {1,3} respectively, the BII-number of {{2},{1,3}} is 18. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges.

The spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a set-system that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices.

			Positions of first appearances of each integer together with the corresponding set-systems:
     0: {}
     1: {{1}}
    52: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
   116: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  3952: {{1,3},{2,3},{1,4},{2,4},{3,4},{1,2,3},{1,2,4}}
  8052: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,4},{2,4},{3,4},{1,2,3},{1,2,4},{1,3,4}}

Dominated by A327103.
The same for cut-connectivity is A326786.
The same for non-spanning edge-connectivity is A326787.
The same for vertex-connectivity is A327051.
Positions of 1's are A327111.
Positions of 2's are A327108.
Positions of first appearance of each integer are A327147.
Cf. A000120, A048793, A070939, A322338, A323818, A326031, A327041, A327069, A327076, A327130, A327145.

bpe[n_]:=Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1];
csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Table[spanEdgeConn[Union@@bpe/@bpe[n],bpe/@bpe[n]],{n,0,100}]

A327130 Number of set-systems covering n vertices with spanning edge-connectivity 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 32, 9552

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

A set-system is a finite set of finite nonempty sets. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges. The spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty set-system.

			The a(3) = 32 set-systems:
{12}{13}{23}  {1}{12}{13}{23}  {1}{2}{12}{13}{23}  {1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{23}
{12}{13}{123} {2}{12}{13}{23}  {1}{3}{12}{13}{23}  {1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{123}
{12}{23}{123} {3}{12}{13}{23}  {2}{3}{12}{13}{23}  {1}{2}{3}{12}{23}{123}
{13}{23}{123} {1}{12}{13}{123} {1}{2}{12}{13}{123} {1}{2}{3}{13}{23}{123}
              {1}{12}{23}{123} {1}{2}{12}{23}{123}
              {1}{13}{23}{123} {1}{2}{13}{23}{123}
              {2}{12}{13}{123} {1}{3}{12}{13}{123}
              {2}{12}{23}{123} {1}{3}{12}{23}{123}
              {2}{13}{23}{123} {1}{3}{13}{23}{123}
              {3}{12}{13}{123} {2}{3}{12}{13}{123}
              {3}{12}{23}{123} {2}{3}{12}{23}{123}
              {3}{13}{23}{123} {2}{3}{13}{23}{123}

The BII-numbers of these set-systems are A327108.
Set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327145.
The restriction to simple graphs is A327146.
Cf. A003465, A323818, A327069, A327109, A327111, A327144.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,n}]],spanEdgeConn[Range[n],#]==2&]],{n,0,3}]

A327077 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and k bridges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 11, 4, 3, 0, 3, 0, 60, 25, 14, 7, 0, 6, 0, 502, 197, 91, 34, 18, 0, 11, 0, 7403, 2454, 826, 267, 100, 44, 0, 23, 0, 197442, 48201, 11383, 2800, 831, 259, 117, 0, 47, 0

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 26 2019

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Unlabeled connected graphs with no bridges are counted by A007146 (unlabeled graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2).

			Triangle begins:
     1
     1    0
     0    1   0
     1    0   1   0
     3    1   0   2   0
    11    4   3   0   3  0
    60   25  14   7   0  6  0
   502  197  91  34  18  0 11  0
  7403 2454 826 267 100 44  0 23 0
  ...

Gus Wiseman, Unlabeled connected graphs with 5 vertices and k bridges.

The labeled version is A327072.
Row sums are A001349.
Row sums without the k = 0 column are A052446.
Column k = 0 is A007146, if we assume A007146(0) = 1.
Column k = 1 is A327074.
Column k = n - 1 is A000055.
Cf. A002494, A327071, A327073, A327108, A327109, A327111, A327130, A327144, A327145, A327146.

a(21)-a(54) from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 28 2019

A327129 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices with at least one edge whose removal (along with any non-covered vertices) disconnects the set-system (non-spanning edge-connectivity 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 35, 2804

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

A set-system is a finite set of finite nonempty sets. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges. The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (along with any non-covered vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty set-system.

			The a(3) = 35 set-systems:
  {123}  {1}{12}{23}   {1}{2}{12}{13}   {1}{2}{3}{12}{13}
         {1}{13}{23}   {1}{2}{12}{23}   {1}{2}{3}{12}{23}
         {1}{2}{123}   {1}{2}{13}{23}   {1}{2}{3}{13}{23}
         {1}{3}{123}   {1}{2}{3}{123}   {1}{2}{3}{12}{123}
         {2}{12}{13}   {1}{3}{12}{13}   {1}{2}{3}{13}{123}
         {2}{13}{23}   {1}{3}{12}{23}   {1}{2}{3}{23}{123}
         {2}{3}{123}   {1}{3}{13}{23}
         {3}{12}{13}   {2}{3}{12}{13}
         {3}{12}{23}   {2}{3}{12}{23}
         {1}{23}{123}  {2}{3}{13}{23}
         {2}{13}{123}  {1}{2}{13}{123}
         {3}{12}{123}  {1}{2}{23}{123}
                       {1}{3}{12}{123}
                       {1}{3}{23}{123}
                       {2}{3}{12}{123}
                       {2}{3}{13}{123}

The restriction to simple graphs is A327079, with non-covering version A327231.
The version for spanning edge-connectivity is A327145, with BII-numbers A327111.
The BII-numbers of these set-systems are A327099.
The non-covering version is A327196.
Cf. A003465, A006129, A263296, A322395, A323818, A327071, A327149.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
eConn[sys_]:=If[Length[csm[sys]]!=1,0,Length[sys]-Max@@Length/@Select[Union[Subsets[sys]],Length[csm[#]]!=1&]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,n}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&eConn[#]==1&]],{n,0,3}]

Inverse binomial transform of A327196.

A327073 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 12, 200, 7680, 506856, 58934848, 12205506096, 4595039095680, 3210660115278000, 4240401342141499392, 10743530775519296581944, 52808688280248604235191296, 507730995579614277599205009240, 9603347831901155679455061048606720, 358743609478638769812094362544644831968

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

nonn

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Connected graphs with no bridges are counted by A095983 (2-edge-connected graphs).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 12 graphs with exactly one bridge.

Column k = 1 of A327072.
The unlabeled version is A327074.
Connected graphs with no bridges are A007146.
Connected graphs whose bridges are all leaves are A322395.
Connected graphs with at least one bridge are A327071.
Cf. A001187, A006129, A052446, A095983, A327069, A327077, A327108, A327111, A327145, A327146.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[csm[#]]==1&&Count[Table[Length[Union@@Delete[#,i]]1,{i,Length[#]}],True]==1&]],{n,0,5}]

\\ See A095983.
seq(n)={my(p=x*deriv(log(sum(k=0, n-1, 2^binomial(k, 2) * x^k / k!) + O(x^n)))); Vec(serlaplace(log(x/serreverse(x*exp(p)))^2/2), -(n+1)) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 28 2020

E.g.f.: (x + Sum_{k>=2} A095983(k)*x^k/(k-1)!)^2/2. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 25 2019

Terms a(6) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 25 2019

A327074 Number of unlabeled connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 4, 25, 197, 2454, 48201, 1604016, 93315450, 9696046452, 1822564897453, 625839625866540, 395787709599238772, 464137745175250610865, 1015091996575508453655611, 4160447945769725861550193834, 32088553211819016484736085677320, 467409605282347770524641700949750858

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

nonn

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Unlabeled graphs with no bridges are counted by A007146 (unlabeled graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2).

Gus Wiseman, The a(5) = 4 unlabeled connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

The labeled version is A327073.
Unlabeled graphs with at least one bridge are A052446.
The enumeration of unlabeled connected graphs by number of bridges is A327077.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327109.
Cf. A001349, A002494, A007146, A263296, A327075, A327111, A327144, A327145.

A007145 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A007145/b007145.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
f[x_] = A007145 . x^Range[lg = Length[A007145]];
(f[x]^2 + f[x^2])/2 + O[x]^lg // CoefficientList[#, x]& (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 23 2019 *)

G.f.: (f(x)^2 + f(x^2))/2 where f(x) is the g.f. of A007145. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 25 2019

Terms a(6) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 25 2019

A327147 Smallest BII-number of a set-system with spanning edge-connectivity n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 52, 116, 3952, 8052

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Sep 01 2019

A binary index of n is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. The binary indices of n are row n of A048793. We define the set-system with BII-number n to be obtained by taking the binary indices of each binary index of n. Every set-system (finite set of finite nonempty sets) has a different BII-number. For example, 18 has reversed binary expansion (0,1,0,0,1), and since the binary indices of 2 and 5 are {2} and {1,3} respectively, the BII-number of {{2},{1,3}} is 18. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges.

The spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a set-system that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices.

			The sequence of terms together with their corresponding set-systems begins:
     0: {}
     1: {{1}}
    52: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
   116: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  3952: {{1,3},{2,3},{1,4},{2,4},{3,4},{1,2,3},{1,2,4}}
  8052: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,4},{2,4},{3,4},{1,2,3},{1,2,4},{1,3,4}}

The same for cut-connectivity is A327234.
The same for non-spanning edge-connectivity is A002450.
The spanning edge-connectivity of the set-system with BII-number n is A327144(n).
Cf. A000120, A048793, A070939, A323818, A326031, A326786, A326787, A327041, A327069, A327076, A327108, A327111, A327130, A327145.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A327071 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and at least one bridge, or graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

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A263296 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of graphs with n vertices with edge connectivity k.

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A327111 BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

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A327144 Spanning edge-connectivity of the set-system with BII-number n.

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A327130 Number of set-systems covering n vertices with spanning edge-connectivity 2.

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A327077 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and k bridges.

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A327129 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices with at least one edge whose removal (along with any non-covered vertices) disconnects the set-system (non-spanning edge-connectivity 1).

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A327073 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

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A327074 Number of unlabeled connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

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