A020757 Numbers that are not the sum of two triangular numbers.

5, 8, 14, 17, 19, 23, 26, 32, 33, 35, 40, 41, 44, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 59, 62, 63, 68, 71, 74, 75, 77, 80, 82, 85, 86, 89, 95, 96, 98, 103, 104, 107, 109, 113, 116, 117, 118, 122, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134, 138, 140, 143, 145, 147, 149, 152, 155, 158, 161, 162, 166, 167

Offset: 1

Author

David W. Wilson

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

A052343(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 15 2006

Numbers of the form (p^(2k+1)s-1)/4, where p is a prime number of the form 4n+3, and s is a number of the form 4m+3 and prime to p, are not expressible as the sum of two triangular numbers. See Satyanarayana (1961), Theorem 2. - Hans J. H. Tuenter, Oct 11 2009

An integer n is in this sequence if and only if at least one 4k+3 prime factor in the canonical form of 4n+1 occurs with an odd exponent. - Ant King, Dec 02 2010

A nonnegative integer n is in this sequence if and only if A000729(n) = 0. - Michael Somos, Feb 13 2011

4*a(n) + 1 are terms of A022544. - XU Pingya, Aug 05 2018 [Actually, k is here if and only if 4*k + 1 is in A022544. - Jianing Song, Feb 09 2021]

Integers m such that the smallest number of triangular numbers which sum to m is 3, hence A061336(a(n)) = 3. - Bernard Schott, Jul 21 2022

Examples

			3 = 0 + 3 and 7 = 1 + 6 are not terms, but 8 = 1 + 1 + 6 is a term.
		

Links

• T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
• John A. Ewell, On Sums of Triangular Numbers and Sums of Squares, The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 99, No. 8 (October 1992), pp. 752-757. [From _Ant King_, Dec 02 2010]
• U. V. Satyanarayana, On the representation of numbers as sums of triangular numbers, The Mathematical Gazette, 45(351):40-43, February 1961. [From _Hans J. H. Tuenter_, Oct 11 2009]

Crossrefs

Complement of A020756.

Cf. A000217, A052343, A022544, A061336.

Numbers k such that the coefficient of x^k in the expansion of Product_{j>=1} (1 - x^j)^m is zero: A090864 (m=1), A213250 (m=2), A014132 (m=3), A302056 (m=4), A302057 (m=5), this sequence (m=6), A322430 (m=8), A322431 (m=10), A322432 (m=14), A322043 (m=15), A322433 (m=26).

Programs

Haskell

a020757 n = a020757_list !! (n-1)
a020757_list = filter ((== 0) . a052343) [0..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 25 2014

Mathematica

data = Reduce[m (m + 1) + n (n + 1) == 2 # && 0 <= m && 0 <= n, {m, n}, Integers] & /@ Range[167]; Position[data, False] // Flatten  (* Ant King, Dec 05 2010 *)
t = Array[PolygonalNumber, 18, 0]; Complement[Range@ 169, Flatten[ Outer[ Plus, t, t]]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 07 2024 *)

PARI

is(n)=my(m9=n%9,f); if(m9==5 || m9==8, return(1)); f=factor(4*n+1); for(i=1,#f~, if(f[i,1]%4==3 && f[i,2]%2, return(1))); 0 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 17 2022