cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-6 of 6 results.

A114622 The power tree (as defined by Knuth), read by rows, where T(n,k) is the label of the k-th node in row n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 7, 10, 9, 12, 16, 14, 11, 13, 15, 20, 18, 24, 17, 32, 19, 21, 28, 22, 23, 26, 25, 30, 40, 27, 36, 48, 33, 34, 64, 38, 35, 42, 29, 31, 56, 44, 46, 39, 52, 50, 45, 60, 41, 43, 80, 54, 37, 72, 49, 51, 96, 66, 68, 65, 128
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner and Paul D. Hanna, Dec 20 2005

Keywords

Comments

The power tree is generated by a systematic method that is supposed to give the minimum number of multiplications to arrive at x^n.
The number of multiplications required to compute x^m by this method is n-1 if m appears in the n-th row. The smallest number m for which the power tree method does not give the minimum number of multiplications for x^m is m = 77 (see A113945, Knuth reference, or Pfoertner link "Addition chains"). The power tree method requires 9 multiplications for x^77 but A003313(77) = 8. - Pontus von Brömssen, Apr 23 2024

Examples

			The rows of the power tree begin:
  1;
  2;
  3,4;
  5,6,8;
  7,10,9,12,16;
  14,11,13,15,20,18,24,17,32;
  19,21,28,22,23,26,25,30,40,27,36,48,33,34,64;
  38,35,42,29,31,56,44,46,39,52,50,45,60,41,43,80,54,37,72,49,51,96,66,68,65,128;
where nodes are attached to each other as follows:
  1->[2];
  2->[3,4];
  3->[5,6], 4->[8];
  5->[7,10], 6->[9,12], 8->[16];
  7->[14], 10->[11,13,15,20], 9->[18], 12->[24], 16->[32];
  ...
E.g., the path from root node (1) to node (10) is [1,2,3,5,10], so the possible labels for nodes to be attached to node (10) are [10+1,10+2,10+3,10+5,10+10], but label (12) has already been used, so 4 nodes with labels [11,13,15,20] are attached to node (10).
		

References

  • D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming Third Edition. Vol. 2, Seminumerical Algorithms. Chapter 4.6.3 Evaluation of Powers, Page 464. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997.

Crossrefs

Cf. A114623 (number of nodes in rows), A114624 (row sums), A114625 (leftmost node in rows).
See A122352 for another presentation of the tree.

Programs

  • Maple
    T:= proc(n) option remember; local i, j, l, s; l:= NULL;
          for i in [T(n-1)] do j:=i; s:=[];
            while j>0 do s:= [s[], j]; j:=b(j) od;
            for j in sort([s[]]) do
              if b(i+j)=0 then b(i+j):=i; l:=l, i+j fi
            od
          od; l
        end: T(1):=1:
    b:= proc() 0 end:
    seq(T(n), n=1..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 24 2013
  • Mathematica
    T[n_] := T[n] = Module[{i, j, l, s}, l={}; Do[j=i; s={}; While[j>0, AppendTo[s, j]; j = b[j]]; Do[If[b[i+j] == 0, b[i+j]=i; AppendTo[l, i+j]], {j, Sort[s]}], {i, T[n-1]}]; l]; T[1]=1; Clear[b]; b[]=0; Table[T[n], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten (* _Jean-François Alcover, Jun 15 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)
  • Python
    from functools import cache
    b = dict()
    @cache
    def T(n):
        global b
        if n == 1: return [1]
        l = []
        for i in T(n-1):
            j = i; s = []
            while j > 0:
                s.append(j)
                j = b.get(j, 0)
            for j in sorted(s):
                if b.get(i+j, 0) == 0:
                    b[i+j] = i
                    l.append(i+j)
        return l
    print([Tik  for i in range(1, 9) for Tik in T(i)])  # Michael S. Branicky, Apr 28 2024 after Alois P. Heinz

Formula

Start the root node with label (1) in row 1. Assuming that the first n rows have been constructed, define row (n+1) of the power tree as follows. Proceeding from left to right in row n of the tree, take each node labeled L = T(n, k) and let the labels [1, T(2, j_2), T(3, j_3), ..., T(n, j_n)], where j_n=k, form the path from the root of the tree to node T(n, k). Attach to node (L) new nodes with labels generated by: [L+1, L+T(2, j_2), L+T(3, j_3), ..., L+T(n, k)=2*L] after discarding any label that has appeared before in the tree.

A115614 Numbers n such that the smallest possible number of multiplications required to compute x^n is by 2 less than the number of multiplications obtained by Knuth's power tree method.

Original entry on oeis.org

8719, 17438, 28597, 34876, 54359, 56157, 57194, 57293, 59657, 60493, 67171, 69752, 71017, 71065, 75799, 78865, 100987, 108503, 108718, 110361, 112093, 112314, 112679, 113275, 114388, 114586, 115861, 119314, 119417, 120986, 133681, 133795
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner and Neill M. Clift, Feb 15 2006

Keywords

Comments

The sequence is based on a table of shortest addition chain lengths computed by Neill M. Clift, see link to Achim Flammenkamp's web page given at A003313.

Examples

			a(1)=8719 because this is the smallest number for which the addition chain produced by the power tree method [1 2 3 5 7 14 28 56 61 117 234 468 936 1872 3744 3861 7722 7783 8719] is by two terms longer than the shortest possible chains for this number. An example of such a chain is [1 2 3 6 9 15 17 34 68 136 272 544 1088 2176 4352 4367 8719].
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A114622 [The power tree (as defined by Knuth)], A003313 [Length of shortest addition chain for n], A113945 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 1], A115615 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 3], A115616 [smallest number for which Knuth's power tree method produces an addition chain n terms longer than the shortest possible chain].

A115615 Numbers n such that the smallest possible number of multiplications required to compute x^n is by 3 less than the number of multiplications obtained by Knuth's power tree method.

Original entry on oeis.org

6475341, 13214509, 17900677, 19998021, 25747725, 26429018, 26640937, 27321991, 27404041, 27492775, 27820465, 28475829, 28475875, 28803235, 31947953, 35654893, 35663887, 35801354, 35875087, 38404259, 38860337, 38905477, 39627197, 39995657, 39996042, 40272713, 40468139
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner and Neill M. Clift, Feb 15 2006

Keywords

Comments

The sequence is based on a table of shortest addition chain lengths computed by Neill M. Clift, see link to Achim Flammenkamp's web page given at A003313.

Examples

			a(1)=6475341 because this is the smallest number for which the addition chain produced by the power tree method [1 2 3 5 7 14 19 38 76 79 158 316 632 1264 2528 5056 5063 10119 12647 25294 50588 101176 202352 404704 809408 809427 1618835 3237670 6475340 6475341] is by three terms longer than the shortest possible chains for this number. An example of such a chain is [1 2 4 8 16 32 64 65 129 258 387 774 1548 1613 3161 6322 12644 25288 50576 101152 202304 404608 809216 1618432 3236864 3238477 6475341].
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A114622 [The power tree (as defined by Knuth)], A003313 [Length of shortest addition chain for n], A113945 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 1], A115614 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 2], A115616 [smallest number for which Knuth's power tree method produces an addition chain n terms longer than the shortest possible chain].

Extensions

Extended using the table of length 2^31 at Achim Flammenkamp's web page by Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 06 2015

A115616 Smallest number for which Knuth's power tree method produces an addition chain n terms longer than the shortest possible chains for this number.

Original entry on oeis.org

77, 8719, 6475341
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner and Neill M. Clift, Feb 15 2006

Keywords

Comments

The sequence is based on a table of shortest addition chain lengths computed by Neill M. Clift, see link to Achim Flammenkamp's web page given at A003313.

Crossrefs

Cf. A114622 [The power tree (as defined by Knuth)], A003313 [Length of shortest addition chain for n], A113945 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 1], A115614 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 2], A115615 [numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 3].

A115617 Smallest number for which Knuth's power tree method produces an addition chain of length n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 29, 47, 71, 127, 191, 319, 551, 1007, 1711, 2687, 4703, 8447, 15179, 28079, 45997, 89599, 138959, 257513, 485657, 834557, 1433501, 2854189, 4726127, 8814047, 15692153, 30078877, 53574623, 94189807, 177848059, 322928189
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner, Jan 29 2006

Keywords

Comments

Minimum number in row of power tree A114622. The first 12 terms are identical with A003064.
Smallest k such that A383329(k) = n. - Pontus von Brömssen, Apr 24 2025

Crossrefs

Cf. A114622 (the power tree (as defined by Knuth)), A003064 (smallest number with addition chain of length n), A113945 (numbers such that Knuth's power tree method produces a result deficient by 1).
Indices of records in A383329.

Extensions

a(28)-a(32) from Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 05 2015
a(33) from Hugo Pfoertner, Oct 01 2015
a(34)-a(36) from Michael S. Branicky, Apr 30 2024
a(0) from Pontus von Brömssen, Apr 24 2025

A383329 Number of multiplications required to compute x^n by Knuth's power tree method.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 7, 7, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 8, 8, 7, 8, 8, 8, 6, 7, 7, 8, 7, 8, 8, 9, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 8, 9, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Pontus von Brömssen, Apr 24 2025

Keywords

Comments

n appears in row a(n)+1 of A114622.
n appears A114623(n+1) times.
First differs from A003313 at n = 77.

References

  • Donald E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2, 3rd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1998. See page 464.

Crossrefs

Cf. A003313, A113945, A114622, A114623, A115617 (indices of records), A122352.

Formula

a(n) = a(A122352(n)) + 1 for n >= 2.
a(A115617(k)) = k and a(n) < k for n < A115617(k).
Showing 1-6 of 6 results.