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a(n) is an integer because A210852(n) is one of the three solutions of X(n)^3 + 1 == 0 (mod 7^n), namely the one satisfying also X(n) == 3 (mod 7).

See the comments on A210852, and the Nagell reference given in A210848.

Apart from a(0), numbers of the form 11...11 (i.e., repunits) in base 7.

7^(floor(7^n/6)) is the highest power of 7 dividing (7^n)!. - Benoit Cloitre, Feb 04 2002

Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=7, (i>1), A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n)=det(A). - Milan Janjic, Feb 21 2010

Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=8, (i>1), A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)=(-1)^n*charpoly(A,1). - Milan Janjic, Feb 21 2010

This is the sequence A(0,1;6,7;2) = A(0,1;8,-7;0) of the family of sequences [a,b:c,d:k] considered by G. Detlefs, and treated as A(a,b;c,d;k) in the W. Lang link given below. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 18 2010

From Wolfdieter Lang, May 02 2012: (Start)

6*a(n) =: z(n) gives the approximation up to 7^n for one of the three 7-adic integers (-1)^(1/3), i.e. z(n)^3 + 1 == 0 (mod 7^n), n>=0, and z(n) == 6 (mod 7) == -1 (mod 7), n>=1. The companion sequences are x(n) = A210852(n) and y(n) = A212153(n). This leads to a(n) == 1 (mod 7) for n>=1 (this is also clear from some of the formulas given below). Also 216*a(n)^3 + 1 == 0 (mod 7^n), n>=0, as well as 3*216*a(n)^2 + A212156(n) == 0 (mod 7^n), n>=0. a(n) = 6^(7^(n-1)-1) (mod 7^n), n>=1. A recurrence is a(n) = a(n-1) + 7^(n-1), with a(0)=0, for n>=1.

Also a(n) = (1/6)*(6*a(n-1))^7 (mod 7^n) with a(1)=1 for n>=1. Finally, 6^3*a(n-1)*a(n)^2 + 1 == 0 (mod 7^(n-1)), n>=1.

(End)

See A210852 for comments and the approximation of one of the other three 7-adic integers (-1)^(1/3), called there u.

The numbers are computed from the recurrence given below in the formula field. This recurrence follows from the formula a(n) = 5^(7^(n-1)) (mod 7^n), n>= 1, which satisfies a(n)^3 + 1 == 0 (mod 7^n), n>=1. a(0) = 0 satisfies this congruence also. The proof can be done by showing that each term in the binomial expansion of (5^(7^(n-1)))^3 + 1 = (2*3^2*7 - 1)^(7^(n-1)) + 1 has a factor 7^n.

a(n) == 5 (mod 7), n>=1. This follows from the formula given above, and 5^(7^(n-1)) == 5 (mod 7), n>=1 (proof by induction).

The digit t(n), n>=0, multiplying 7^n in the 7-adic integer (-1)^(1/3) corresponding to the present sequence is obtained from the (unique) solution of the linear congruence 3*a(n)^2*t(n) + b(n) == 0 (mod 7), n>=1, with b(n):= (a(n)^3 + 1)/7^n = A212154(n). t(0):=5. For these digits see A212155. The 7-adic number is, read from right to left,

...3452150062464440013235234613550254541223240463025 =: v.

a(n) is obtained from reading v in base 7, and adding the first n terms.

One can show directly that a(n) = 7^n + 1 - x(n), n>=1, with x(n) = A210852(n), and z(n) = 7^n - 1 = 6*A023000(n), n>=0.

Iff a(n+1) = a(n) then t(n) = A212155(n) = 0.

See the Nagell reference given in A210848 for theorems 50 and 52 on p. 87, and formula (6) on page 86, adapted to this case. Because X^3 +1 = 0 (mod 7) has the three simple roots 3, 5 and 6, one has for X(n)^3 +1 == 0 (mod 7^n) exactly three solutions for each n>=1, which can be chosen as x(n) == 3 (mod 7), a(n) == 5 (mod 7) and z(n) == 6 (mod 7) == -1 (mod 7). The x- and z- sequences are given in A210852 and 6*A023000, respectively.

For n>0, a(n) - 1 (== a(n)^2 mod 7^n) and 7^n - a(n) (== a(n)^4 mod 7^n) are the two primitive cubic roots of unity in Z/(7^n Z). - Álvar Ibeas, Feb 20 2017

From Jianing Song, Aug 26 2022: (Start)

a(n) is the solution to x^2 - x + 1 == 0 (mod 7^n) that is congruent to 5 modulo 7 (if n>0).

A210852(n) is the multiplicative inverse of a(n) modulo 7^n. (End)

For n > 0, a(n) is the unique number k in [1, 7^n] and congruent to 3 mod 7 such that k^3 - 6 is divisible by 7^n.

For k not divisible by 7, k is a cube in 7-adic field if and only if k == 1, 6 (mod 7). If k is a cube in 7-adic field, then k has exactly three cubic roots.

For n > 0, a(n) is the unique number k in [1, 7^n] and congruent to 5 mod 7 such that k^3 - 6 is divisible by 7^n.

For k not divisible by 7, k is a cube in 7-adic field if and only if k == 1, 6 (mod 7). If k is a cube in 7-adic field, then k has exactly three cubic roots.

For n > 0, a(n) is the unique number k in [1, 7^n] and congruent to 6 mod 7 such that k^3 - 6 is divisible by 7^n.

For k not divisible by 7, k is a cube in 7-adic field if and only if k == 1, 6 (mod 7). If k is a cube in 7-adic field, then k has exactly three cubic roots.