A210996 -id:A210996 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000105 Number of free polyominoes (or square animals) with n cells.

1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 12, 35, 108, 369, 1285, 4655, 17073, 63600, 238591, 901971, 3426576, 13079255, 50107909, 192622052, 742624232, 2870671950, 11123060678, 43191857688, 168047007728, 654999700403, 2557227044764, 9999088822075, 39153010938487, 153511100594603

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

For n>0, a(n) + A030228(n) = A000988(n) because the number of free polyominoes plus the number of polyominoes lacking bilateral symmetry equals the number of one-sided polyominoes. - Graeme McRae, Jan 05 2006
The possible symmetry groups of a (nonempty) polyomino are the 10 subgroups of the dihedral group D_8 of order 8: D_8, 1, Z_2 (five times), Z_4, (Z_2)^2 (twice). - Benoit Jubin, Dec 30 2008
Names for first few polyominoes: monomino, domino, tromino, tetromino, pentomino, hexomino, heptomino, octomino, enneomino, decomino, hendecomino, dodecomino, ...
Limit_{n->oo} a(n)^(1/n) = mu with 3.98 < mu < 4.64 (quoted by Castiglione et al., with a reference to Barequet et al., 2006, for the lower bound). The upper bound is due to Klarner and Rivest, 1973. By Madras, 1999, it is now known that this limit, also known as Klarner's constant, is equal to the limit growth rate lim_{n->oo} a(n+1)/a(n).
Polyominoes are worth exploring in the elementary school classroom. Students in grade 2 can reproduce the first 6 terms. Grade 3 students can explore area and perimeter. Grade 4 students can talk about polyomino symmetries.
The pentominoes should be singled out for special attention: 1) they offer a nice, manageable set that a teacher can commercially acquire without too much expense. 2) There are also deeply strategic games and perplexing puzzles that are great for all students. 3) A fraction of students will become engaged because of the beautiful solutions.
Conjecture: Almost all polyominoes are holey. In other words, A000104(n)/a(n) tends to 0 for increasing n. - John Mason, Dec 11 2021 (This is true, a consequence of Madras's 1999 pattern theorem. - Johann Peters, Jan 06 2024)

			a(0) = 1 as there is 1 empty polyomino with #cells = 0. - _Fred Lunnon_, Jun 24 2020

S. W. Golomb, Polyominoes, Appendix D, p. 152; Princeton Univ. Pr. NJ 1994
J. E. Goodman and J. O'Rourke, editors, Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, CRC Press, 1997, p. 229.
D. A. Klarner, The Mathematical Gardner, p. 252 Wadsworth Int. CA 1981
W. F. Lunnon, Counting polyominoes, pp. 347-372 of A. O. L. Atkin and B. J. Birch, editors, Computers in Number Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1971.
W. F. Lunnon, Counting hexagonal and triangular polyominoes, pp. 87-100 of R. C. Read, editor, Graph Theory and Computing. Academic Press, NY, 1972.
George E. Martin, Polyominoes - A Guide to Puzzles and Problems in Tiling, The Mathematical Association of America, 1996
Ed Pegg, Jr., Polyform puzzles, in Tribute to a Mathemagician, Peters, 2005, pp. 119-125.
R. C. Read, Some applications of computers in graph theory, in L. W. Beineke and R. J. Wilson, editors, Selected Topics in Graph Theory, Academic Press, NY, 1978, pp. 417-444.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

John Mason, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50 (terms 0..45,47 from Toshihiro Shirakawa)
Z. Abel, E. Demaine, M. Demaine, H. Matsui and G. Rote, Common Developments of Several Different Orthogonal Boxes.
G. Barequet, M. Moffie, A. Ribo and G. Rote, Counting polyominoes on twisted cylinders, Integers 6 (2006), A22, 37 pp. (electronic).
K. S. Brown, Polyomino Enumerations
G. Castiglione, A. Frosini, E. Munarini, A. Restivo and S. Rinaldi, Combinatorial aspects of L-convex polyominoes, European J. Combin. 28 (2007), no. 6, 1724-1741.
Juris Čerņenoks and Andrejs Cibulis, Tetrads and their Counting, Baltic J. Modern Computing, Vol. 6 (2018), No. 2, 96-106.
A. Clarke, Polyominoes
A. R. Conway and A. J. Guttmann, On two-dimensional percolation, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 28(1995) 891-904.
I. Jensen, Enumerations of lattice animals and trees, arXiv:cond-mat/0007239 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2000.
I. Jensen and A. J. Guttmann, Statistics of lattice animals (polyominoes) and polygons, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, vol. 33, pp. L257-L263, 2000.
M. Keller, Counting polyforms.
D. A. Klarner and R. L. Rivest, A procedure for improving the upper bound for the number of n-ominoes, Canadian J. of Mathematics, 25 (1973), 585-602.
N. Madras, A pattern theorem for lattice clusters, arXiv:math/9902161 [math.PR], 1999; Annals of Combinatorics, 3 (1999), 357-384.
John Mason, Counting size 50 polyominoes -V2
S. Mertens, Lattice animals: a fast enumeration algorithm and new perimeter polynomials, J. Statistical Physics, vol. 58, no. 5/6, pp. 1095-1108, Mar. 1990.
Stephan Mertens and Markus E. Lautenbacher, Counting lattice animals: A parallel attack J. Stat. Phys., vol. 66, no. 1/2, pp. 669-678, 1992.
W. R. Muller, K. Szymanski, J. V. Knop, and N. Trinajstic, On the number of square-cell configurations, Theor. Chim. Acta 86 (1993) 269-278
Joseph Myers, Polyomino tiling
Tomás Oliveira e Silva, Animal enumerations on regular tilings in Spherical, Euclidean and Hyperbolic 2-dimensional spaces
Tomás Oliveira e Silva, Animal enumerations on the {4,4} Euclidean tiling [The enumeration to order 28]
T. R. Parkin, L. J. Lander, and D. R. Parkin, Polyomino Enumeration Results, presented at SIAM Fall Meeting, 1967, and accompanying letter from T. J. Lander (annotated scanned copy)
Anuj Pathania, Scalable Task Schedulers for Many-Core Architectures, Ph.D. Thesis, Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (Germany, 2018).
Ed Pegg, Jr., Illustrations of polyforms
Henri Picciotto, Polyomino Lessons
Jaime Rangel-Mondragón, Polyominoes and Related Families, The Mathematica Journal, Volume 9, Issue 3.
D. H. Redelmeier, Counting polyominoes: yet another attack, Discrete Math., 36 (1981), 191-203.
D. H. Redelmeier, Table 3 of Counting polyominoes...
Toshihiro Shirakawa, Harmonic Magic Square, pp 3-4: Enumeration of Polyominoes considering the symmetry, April 2012.
Herman Tulleken, Polyominoes 2.2: How they fit together, (2019).
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Polyomino
Wikipedia, The 35 hexominoes
Wikipedia, The 108 heptominoes
Wikipedia, The 369 octominoes
Wikipedia, Polyomino
D. Xu, T. Horiyama, T. Shirakawa and R. Uehara, Common Developments of Three Incongruent Boxes of Area 30, in Proc. 12th Annual Conference, TAMC 2015, Singapore, May 18-20, 2015, LNCS Vol. 9076, pp. 236-247.
L. Zucca, Pentominoes
L. Zucca, The 12 pentominoes
Index entries for "core" sequences

Sequences classifying polyominoes by symmetry group: A006746, A006747, A006748, A006749, A056877, A056878, A142886, A144553, A144554.
Cf. A001168 (not reduced by D_8 symmetry), A000104 (no holes), A054359, A054360, A001419, A000988, A030228 (chiral polyominoes).
See A006765 for another version.
Cf. also A000577, A000228, A103465, A210996 (bisection).
Excluding a(0), 8th and 9th row of A366766.

(* In this program by Jaime Rangel-Mondragón, polyominoes are represented as a list of Gaussian integers. *)
polyominoQ[p_List] := And @@ ((IntegerQ[Re[#]] && IntegerQ[Im[#]])& /@ p);
rot[p_?polyominoQ] := I*p;
ref[p_?polyominoQ] := (# - 2 Re[#])& /@ p;
cyclic[p_] := Module[{i = p, ans = {p}}, While[(i = rot[i]) != p, AppendTo[ans, i]]; ans];
dihedral[p_?polyominoQ] := Flatten[{#, ref[#]}& /@ cyclic[p], 1];
canonical[p_?polyominoQ] := Union[(# - (Min[Re[p]] + Min[Im[p]]*I))& /@ p];
allPieces[p_] := Union[canonical /@ dihedral[p]];
polyominoes[1] = {{0}};
polyominoes[n_] := polyominoes[n] = Module[{f, fig, ans = {}}, fig = ((f = #1; ({f, #1 + 1, f, #1 + I, f, #1 - 1, f, #1 - I}&) /@ f)&) /@ polyominoes[n - 1]; fig = Partition[Flatten[fig], n]; f = Select[Union[canonical /@ fig], Length[#1] == n &]; While[f != {}, ans = {ans, First[f]}; f = Complement[f, allPieces[First[f]]]]; Partition[Flatten[ans], n]];
a[n_] := a[n] = Length[ polyominoes[n]];
Table[Print["a(", n, ") = ", a[n]]; a[n], {n, 1, 12}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 24 2015, after Jaime Rangel-Mondragón *)

a(n) = A000104(n) + A001419(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jun 15 2014
a(n) = A006749(n) + A006746(n) + A006748(n) + A006747(n) + A056877(n) + A056878(n) + A144553(n) + A142886(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 04 2018
a(n) = A259087(n) + A259088(n). - R. J. Mathar, May 22 2019
a(n) = (4*A006746(n) + 4*A006748(n) + 4*A006747(n) + 6*A056877(n) + 6*A056878(n) + 6*A144553(n) + 7*A142886(n) + A001168(n))/8. - John Mason, Nov 14 2021

Extended to n=28 by Tomás Oliveira e Silva
Link updated by William Rex Marshall, Dec 16 2009
Edited by Gill Barequet, May 24 2011
Misspelling "polyominos" corrected by Don Knuth, May 03 2016
a(29)-a(45), a(47) from Toshihiro Shirakawa
a(46) calculated using values from A001168 (I. Jensen), A006748/A056877/A056878/A144553/A142886 (Robert A. Russell) and A006746/A006747 (John Mason), Nov 14 2021

A056785 Number of polydominoes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 23, 211, 2227, 25824, 310242, 3818983, 47752136, 604425323

Offset: 1

James Sellers, Aug 28 2000

From Vicher's table.

This gives the number of polyominoes of order 2n that can be tiled by dominoes in at least one way. - Joseph Myers, Jun 10 2012

M. Keller, Counting Polyforms
Arthur O'Dwyer, Counting polybar polyominoes, (2025).
Herman Tulleken, Polyominoes 2.2: How they fit together, (2019).
M. Vicher, Polyforms
Index entries for sequences related to dominoes

Cf. A056786, A213376, A213377, A213378.

a(n) + A213376(n) = A210996(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 30 2023

Edited by T. D. Noe, Apr 09 2009
Offset corrected and a(6)-a(9) added by Joseph Myers, Jun 10 2012
a(10) added by Arthur O'Dwyer, Aug 28 2025

A216583 Number of unit-conjoined polydominoes of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 20, 171, 1733, 18962, 215522, 2507188, 29635101

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 09 2012

A unit-conjoined polydomino is formed from n 1 X 2 non-overlapping rectangles (or dominoes) such that each pair of touching rectangles shares an edge of length 1. The internal arrangement of dominoes is not significant: figures are counted as distinct only if the shapes of their perimeters are different.
Figures that differ only by a rotation and/or reflection are regarded as equivalent (cf. A216595).
This sequence is A216492 without the condition that the adjacency graph of the dominoes forms a tree.
This is a subset of polydominoes. It appears that A216492(n) < a(n) < A056785(n) < A056786(n) < A210996(n) < A210988(n) < A210986(n), if n >= 3. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 17 2012

César E. Lozada, Illustration of terms n <= 4 of A216583
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms of A056786, A216598, A216583, A216595, A216492, A216581 (Exclude figures marked (A))
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of third term of A056786, A216598, A216583, A216595, A216492, A216581 (a better drawing for the third term)
M. Vicher, Polyforms
Index entries for sequences related to dominoes

Cf. A056786, A216598, A216583, A216595, A216492, A216581.

a(4)-a(6) added by César Eliud Lozada, Sep 09 2012

a(7)-a(9) and name edited by Aaron N. Siegel, May 18 2022

A216492 Number of inequivalent connected planar figures that can be formed from n 1 X 2 rectangles (or dominoes) such that each pair of touching rectangles shares exactly one edge, of length 1, and the adjacency graph of the rectangles is a tree.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 18, 139, 1286, 12715, 130875, 1378139, 14752392, 159876353, 1749834718, 19307847070

Offset: 0

César Eliud Lozada, Sep 07 2012

Figures that differ only by a rotation and/or reflection are regarded as equivalent (cf. A216581).
A216583 is A216492 without the condition that the adjacency graph of the dominoes forms a tree.
This is a subset of polydominoes. It appears that a(n) < A216583(n) < A056785(n) < A056786(n) < A210996(n) < A210988(n) < A210986(n), if n >= 3. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 15 2012

			One domino (2 X 1 rectangle) is placed on a table.
A 2nd domino is placed touching the first only in a single edge (length 1). The number of different planar figures is a(2)=3.
A 3rd domino is placed in any of the last figures, touching it and sharing just a single edge with it. The number of different planar figures is a(3)=18.
When n=4, we might place 4 dominoes in a ring, with a free square in the center. This is however not allowed, since the adjacency graph is a cycle, not a tree.

C. E. Lozada, Illustration of initial terms: planar figures with up to 3 dominoes
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms of A056786, A216598, A216583, A216595, A216492, A216581 (Exclude figures marked (A) or (B))
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of third term of A056786, A216598, A216583, A216595, A216492, A216581 (a better drawing for the third term)
M. Vicher, Polyforms
Index entries for sequences related to dominoes

Cf. A056786, A216598, A216583, A216595, A216492, A216581.
Without the condition that the adjacency graph forms a tree we get A216583 and A216595.
If we allow two long edges to meet we get A056786 and A216598.

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 09 2012

a(8)-a(12) from Bert Dobbelaere, May 30 2025

A210986 Number of fixed polyominoes with 2n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 19, 216, 2725, 36446, 505861, 7204874, 104592937, 1540820542, 22964779660, 345532572678, 5239988770268, 79992676367108, 1228088671826973, 18946775782611174, 293560133910477776, 4565553929115769162, 71242712815411950635

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Sep 16 2012

nonn

Jean-François Alcover, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..28
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Polyomino
Wikipedia, Polyomino

Bisection of A001168.

Cf. A210987, A210988, A210996,

A001168 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A001168/b001168.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
a[n_] := A001168[[2 n]];
a /@ Range[1, Length[A001168]/2 // Floor] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 22 2019 *)

a(n) = A001168(2*n).

A213376 Number of polyominoes of order 2n that cannot be tiled by dominoes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 12, 158, 2428, 37776, 591729, 9260272, 144869916

Offset: 1

Joseph Myers, Jun 10 2012

Cf. A056785, A056786, A213377, A213378.

a(n) + A056785(n) = A210996(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 30 2023

A210988 Number of one-sided polyominoes with 2n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 60, 704, 9189, 126759, 1802312, 26152418, 385221143, 5741256764, 86383382827, 1309998125640, 19998172734786, 307022182222506, 4736694001644862, 73390033697855860, 1141388483146794007, 17810678207278478530

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Sep 16 2012

nonn

Sequence related with polydominoes and other similar sequences. It appears that we can write A216492(n) < A216583(n) < A056785(n) < A056786(n) < A210996(n) < a(n) < A210986(n), if n >= 3. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 16 2012

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Polyomino
Wikipedia, Polyomino

Bisection of A000988.

Cf. A210989, A210996.

A210997 Number of free polyominoes with 2n-1 cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 12, 108, 1285, 17073, 238591, 3426576, 50107909, 742624232, 11123060678, 168047007728, 2557227044764, 39153010938487, 602621953061978, 9317706529987950, 144648268175306702, 2253491528465905342, 35218318816847951974

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Sep 15 2012

nonn

John Mason, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..25
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Polyomino
Wikipedia, Polyomino

Bisection of A000105.

Cf. A000988, A210989, A210996.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000105 Number of free polyominoes (or square animals) with n cells.

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A056785 Number of polydominoes.

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A216583 Number of unit-conjoined polydominoes of order n.

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A216492 Number of inequivalent connected planar figures that can be formed from n 1 X 2 rectangles (or dominoes) such that each pair of touching rectangles shares exactly one edge, of length 1, and the adjacency graph of the rectangles is a tree.

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A210986 Number of fixed polyominoes with 2n cells.

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A213376 Number of polyominoes of order 2n that cannot be tiled by dominoes.

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A210988 Number of one-sided polyominoes with 2n cells.

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A210997 Number of free polyominoes with 2n-1 cells.

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