A292906 -id:A292906 - cp's OEIS frontend

A032279 Number of bracelets (turnover necklaces) of n beads of 2 colors, 5 of them black.

1, 1, 3, 5, 10, 16, 26, 38, 57, 79, 111, 147, 196, 252, 324, 406, 507, 621, 759, 913, 1096, 1298, 1534, 1794, 2093, 2421, 2793, 3199, 3656, 4152, 4706, 5304, 5967, 6681, 7467, 8311, 9234, 10222, 11298, 12446, 13691, 15015, 16445

Offset: 5

Christian G. Bower, N. J. A. Sloane

From Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 23 2011: (Start)
Also number of non-equivalent necklaces of 5 beads each of them painted by one of n colors.
The sequence solves the so-called Reis problem about convex k-gons in case k=5. The full solution was given by H. Gupta (1979); I gave a short proof of Gupta's result and showed an equivalence of this problem and every one of the following problems: enumerating the bracelets of n beads of 2 colors, k of them black, and enumerating the necklaces of k beads each of them painted by one of n colors.
a(n) is an essentially unimprovable upper estimate for the number of distinct values of the permanent in (0,1)-circulants of order n with five 1's in every row. (End)
a(n+5) is the number of symmetry-allowed, linearly-independent terms at n-th order in the series expansion of the T_1 X h vibronic perturbation matrix, H(Q) (cf. Dunn & Bates). - Bradley Klee, Jul 20 2015
From Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 17 2018: (Start)
Let (c(n): n >= 1) be a sequence of nonnegative integers and let C(x) = Sum_{n>=1} c(n)*x^n be its g.f. Let k be a positive integer. Let a_k = (a_k(n): n >= 1) be the output sequence of the DIK[k] transform of sequence (c(n): n >= 1), and let A_k(x) = Sum_{n>=1} a_k(n)*x^n be its g.f. See Christian G. Bower's web link below. It can be proved that, when k is odd, A_k(x) = ((1/k)*Sum_{d|k} phi(d)*C(x^d)^(k/d) + C(x^2)^((k-1)/2)*C(x))/2.
For this sequence, k = 5, c(n) = 1 for all n >= 1, and C(x) = x/(1-x). Thus, a(n) = a_5(n) for all n >= 1. Since a_k(n) = 0  for 1 <= n <= k-1, the offset of this sequence is n = k = 5. Applying the formula for the g.f. of DIK[5] of (c(n): n >= 1) with C(x) = x/(1-x) and k = 5, we get A(x) = A_5(x) = x^5*((1/5)*Sum_{d|5} phi(d)*(1-x^d)^(-5/d) + (1+x)/(1-x^2)^3)/2, which obviously equals the g.f. in the formula section below.
The g.f. is also a special case of Herbert Kociemba's formula that is valid for both even and odd k: A_k(x) = x^k*((1/k)*Sum_{d|k} phi(d)*(1-x^d)^(-k/d) + (1+x)/(1-x^2)^Floor[(k+2)/2])/2.
Here, a(n) is defined to be the number of n-bead bracelets of two colors with 5 black beads and n-5 white beads. But it is also the number of dihedral compositions of n with 5 positive parts. (This statement is equivalent to Vladimir Shevelev's statement above that a(n) is the "number of non-equivalent necklaces of 5 beads each of them painted by one of n colors." By "necklaces" he means "turnover necklaces". See paragraph (2) of Section 2 in his 2004 paper in the Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.)
Two cyclic compositions of n (with k = 5 parts) belong to the same equivalence class corresponding to a dihedral composition of n if and only if one can be obtained from the other by a rotation or reversal of order. (End)

			From _Petros Hadjicostas_, Jul 17 2018: (Start)
Every n-bead bracelet of two colors such that 5 beads are black and n-5 are white can be transformed into a dihedral composition of n with 5 positive parts in the following way. Start with one B bead and go in one direction (say clockwise) until you reach the next B bead. Continue this process until you come back to the original B bead.
Let b_i be the number of beads from B bead i until you reach the last W bead before B bead i+1 (or B bead 1). Here, b_i = 1 iff there are no W beads between B bead i and B bead i+1 (or B bead 5 and B bead 1). Then b_1 + b_2 + b_3 + b_4 + b_5 = n, and we get a dihedral composition of n. (Of course, b_2 + b_3 + b_4 + b_5 + b_1 and b_5 + b_4 + b_3 + b_2 + b_1 belong to the same equivalence class of the dihedral composition b_1 + b_2 + b_3 + b_4 + b_5.)
For example, a(8) = 5, and we have the following bracelets with 5 B beads and 3 W beads. Next to the bracelets we list the corresponding dihedral compositions of n with k=5 parts (they must be viewed on a circle):
BBBBBWWW <-> 1+1+1+1+4
BBBBWBWW <-> 1+1+1+2+3
BBWBBBWW <-> 1+2+1+1+3
BWBBWBWB <-> 2+1+2+2+1
BWBWBWBB <-> 2+2+2+1+1
(End)

N. Zagaglia Salvi, Ordered partitions and colourings of cycles and necklaces, Bull. Inst. Combin. Appl., 27 (1999), 37-40.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 5..1000
Nesrine Benyahia-Tani, Zahra Yahi, and Sadek Bouroubi Ordered and non-ordered non-congruent convex quadrilaterals inscribed in a regular n-gon. Rostocker Math. Kolloq. 68, 71-79 (2013), Theorem 1.
N. Benyahia Tani, Z. Yahi, and S. Bouroubi, Ordered and non-ordered non-isometric convex quadrilaterals inscribed in a regular n-gon, Bulletin du Laboratoire Liforce, 01 (2014) 1-9.
C. G. Bower, Transforms (2)
S. J. Cyvin, B. N. Cyvin, J. Brunvoll, I. Gutman, Chen Rong-si, S. El-Basil, and Zhang Fuji, Polygonal systems including the corannulene and coronene homologs: novel applications of Pólya's theorem, Z. Naturforsch., 52a (1997), 867-873.
J. L. Dunn and C. A. Bates, Analysis of the T1u(x)hg system as a model for C60 molecules, Phys. Rev. B 52, 5996, 15 August 1995.
H. Gupta, Enumeration of incongruent cyclic k-gons, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., Vol. 10, No. 8 (1979), 964-999.
E. Kirkman, J. Kuzmanovich, and J. J. Zhang, Invariants of (-1)-Skew Polynomial Rings under Permutation Representations, arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.3973, 2013. See Example 5.5.
Richard H. Reis, A formula for C(T) in Gupta's paper, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., Vol. 10 , No. 8 (1979), 1000-1001.
F. Ruskey, Necklaces, Lyndon words, De Bruijn sequences, etc.
F. Ruskey, Necklaces, Lyndon words, De Bruijn sequences, etc. [Cached copy, with permission, pdf format only]
Vladimir Shevelev, Necklaces and convex k-gons, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., Vol. 35, No. 5 (2004), 629-638.
Vladimir Shevelev, Necklaces and convex k-gons, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., Vol. 35, No. 5 (2004), 629-638.
Vladimir Shevelev, A problem of enumeration of two-color bracelets with several variations, arXiv:0710.1370 [math.CO], 2007-2011.
Vladimir Shevelev, Spectrum of permanent's values and its extremal magnitudes in Lambda_n^3 and Lambda_n(alpha,beta,gamma), arXiv:1104.4051 [math.CO], 2011. (Cf. Section 5).
Index entries for sequences related to bracelets
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,1,-4,1,3,-3,-1,4,-1,-2,1).

Column k=5 of A052307.

Cf. A005514, A008805, A032280, A032281, A032282, A292906.

m:=50; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), m); Coefficients(R!(1-x+2*x^3-x^5+x^6)/((1-x)^2*(1-x^2)^2*(1-x^5))); // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 07 2013

seq(floor(n^4/240 + n^3/24 + 5*n^2/24 + 25*n/48 + 1 + (-1)^n*n/16), n=0..100); # Robert Israel, Jul 22 2015

k = 5; Table[(Apply[Plus, Map[EulerPhi[ # ]Binomial[n/#, k/# ] &, Divisors[GCD[n, k]]]]/n + Binomial[If[OddQ[n], n - 1, n - If[OddQ[k], 2, 0]]/2, If[OddQ[k], k - 1, k]/2])/2, {n, k, 50}] (* Robert A. Russell, Sep 27 2004 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1 - x + 2 x^3 - x^5 + x^6) / ((1 - x)^2 (1 - x^2)^2 (1 - x^5)), {x, 0, 50}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 07 2013 *)
k=5 (* Number of black beads in bracelet problem *); CoefficientList[Series[x^k*(1/k Plus@@(EulerPhi[#] (1-x^#)^(-(k/#))&/@Divisors[k])+(1+x)/(1-x^2)^Floor[(k+2)/2])/2,{x,0,50}],x] (* Herbert Kociemba, Nov 04 2016 *)

a(n) = round((n^4 -10*n^3 +50*n^2 -(110+30*(1-n%2))*n)/240 +3/5) \\ Washington Bomfim, Jul 17 2008

"DIK[ 5 ]" (necklace, indistinct, unlabeled, 5 parts) transform of 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
G.f.: x^5*(1-x+2*x^3-x^5+x^6)/((1-x)^2*(1-x^2)^2*(1-x^5)). - corrected for offset 5 by Robert Israel, Jul 22 2015
From Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 23 2011: (Start)
Put s(n,k,d)=1, if n == k (mod d), and 0, otherwise. Then
a(n) = (2/5)*s(n,0,5) + (n-1)*(n-3)*((n-2)*(n-4) + 15)/240, if n is odd >= 5;
a(n) = (2/5)*s(n,0,5) + (n-2)*(n-4)*((n-1)*(n-3) + 15)/240, if n is even >= 5. (End)
a(n+5) = floor(n^4/240 + n^3/24 + 5*n^2/24 + 25*n/48 + 1 + (-1)^n*n/16). - Robert Israel, Jul 22 2015
a(n) = (A008646(n-5) + A119963(n, 5))/2 = (A008646(n-5) + C(floor((n-1)/2), 2))/2 for n >= 5. - Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 17 2018

A005514 Number of n-bead bracelets (turnover necklaces) with 8 red beads and n-8 black beads.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 10, 29, 57, 126, 232, 440, 750, 1282, 2052, 3260, 4950, 7440, 10824, 15581, 21879, 30415, 41470, 56021, 74503, 98254, 127920, 165288, 211276, 268228, 337416, 421856, 523260, 645456, 790704, 963793, 1167645, 1408185

Offset: 8

N. J. A. Sloane

From Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 23 2011: (Start)
Also number of non-equivalent necklaces of 8 beads each of them painted by one of n colors.
The sequence solves the so-called Reis problem about convex k-gons in case k=8 (see our comment at A032279). (End)
From Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 14 2018: (Start)
Let (c(n): n >= 1) be a sequence of nonnegative integers and let C(x) = Sum_{n>=1} c(n)*x^n be its g.f. Let k be a positive integer. Let a_k = (a_k(n): n >= 1) be the output sequence of the DIK[k] transform of sequence (c(n): n >= 1), and let A_k(x) = Sum_{n>=1} a_k(n)*x^n be its g.f. See Bower's web link below. It can be proved that, when k is even, A_k(x) = ((1/k)*Sum_{d|k} phi(d)*C(x^d)^(k/d) + (1/2)*C(x^2)^((k/2)-1)*(C(x)^2 + C(x^2)))/2.
For this sequence, k=8, c(n) = 1 for all n >= 1, and C(x) = x/(1-x). Thus, a(n) = a_8(n) for all n >= 1. Since a_k(n) = 0  for 1 <= n <= k-1, the offset of this sequence is n = k = 8. Applying the formula for the g.f. of DIK[8] of (c(n): n >= 1) with C(x) = x/(1-x) and k=8, we get Herbert Kociemba's formula below.
Here, a(n) is defined to be the number of n-bead bracelets of two colors with 8 red beads and n-8 black beads. But it is also the number of dihedral compositions of n with 8 parts. (This statement is equivalent to Vladimir Shevelev's statement above that a(n) is the "number of non-equivalent necklaces of 8 beads each of them painted by one of n colors." By "necklaces", he means "turnover necklaces". See the second paragraph of Section 2 in his 2004 paper in the Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.)
Two cyclic compositions of n (with k = 8 parts) belong to the same equivalence class corresponding to a dihedral composition of n if and only if one can be obtained from the other by a rotation or reversal of order. (End)

			From _Petros Hadjicostas_, Jul 14 2018: (Start)
Every n-bead bracelet of two colors such that 8 beads are red and n-8 are black can be transformed into a dihedral composition of n with 8 parts in the following way. Start with one R bead and go in one direction (say clockwise) until you reach the next R bead. Continue this process until you come back to the original R bead.
Let b_i be the number of beads from R bead i until you reach the last B bead before R bead i+1 (or R bead 1). Here, b_i = 1 iff there are no B beads between R bead i and R bead i+1 (or R bead 8 and R bead 1). Then b_1 + b_2 + ... + b_8 = n, and we get a dihedral composition of n. (Of course, b_2 + b_3 + ... + b_8 + b_1 and b_8 + b_7 + ... + b_1 belong to the same equivalence class of the dihedral composition b_1 + ... + b_8.)
For example, a(10) = 5, and we have the following bracelets with 8 R beads and 2 B beads. Next to the bracelets we list the corresponding dihedral compositions of n with k=8 parts (they must be viewed on a circle):
RRRRRRRRBB <-> 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+3
RRRRRRRBRB <-> 1+1+1+1+1+1+2+2
RRRRRRBRRB <-> 1+1+1+1+1+2+1+2
RRRRRBRRRB <-> 1+1+1+1+2+1+1+2
RRRRBRRRRB <-> 1+1+1+2+1+1+1+2
(End)

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
N. Zagaglia Salvi, Ordered partitions and colourings of cycles and necklaces, Bull. Inst. Combin. Appl., 27 (1999), 37-40.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 8..1000
Christian G. Bower, Transforms (2)
S. J. Cyvin, B. N. Cyvin, J. Brunvoll, I. Gutman, Chen Rong-si, S. El-Basil, and Zhang Fuji, Polygonal systems including the corannulene and coronene homologs: novel applications of Pólya's theorem, Z. Naturforsch., 52a (1997), 867-873.
Hansraj Gupta, Enumeration of incongruent cyclic k-gons, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., 10 (1979), no. 8, 964-999.
W. D. Hoskins and Anne Penfold Street, Twills on a given number of harnesses, J. Austral. Math. Soc. Ser. A 33 (1982), no. 1, 1-15.
W. D. Hoskins and A. P. Street, Twills on a given number of harnesses, J. Austral. Math. Soc. (Series A), 33 (1982), 1-15. (Annotated scanned copy)
Richard H. Reis, A formula for C(T) in Gupta's paper, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., 10 (1979), no. 8, 1000-1001.
Frank Ruskey, Necklaces, Lyndon words, De Bruijn sequences, etc.
Frank Ruskey, Necklaces, Lyndon words, De Bruijn sequences, etc. [Cached copy, with permission, pdf format only]
Vladimir Shevelev, Necklaces and convex k-gons, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., 35 (2004), no. 5, 629-638.
Vladimir Shevelev, Necklaces and convex k-gons, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math., 35 (2004), no. 5, 629-638.
Vladimir Shevelev, Spectrum of permanent's values and its extremal magnitudes in Lambda_n^3 and Lambda_n(alpha,beta,gamma), arXiv:1104.4051 [math.CO], 2011. (Cf. Section 5).
A. P. Street, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, N.D.
Index entries for sequences related to bracelets
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-4,-4,11,-8,0,8,-10,0,8,0,-10,8,0,-8,11,-4,-4,4,-1).

Column k=8 of A052307.

Cf. A008805, A032193, A032279, A032280, A032281, A032282, A119963, A292906.

k = 8; Table[(Apply[Plus, Map[EulerPhi[ # ]Binomial[n/#, k/# ] &, Divisors[GCD[n, k]]]]/n + Binomial[If[OddQ[n], n - 1, n - If[OddQ[k], 2, 0]]/2, If[OddQ[k], k - 1, k]/2])/2, {n, k, 50}] (* Robert A. Russell, Sep 27 2004 *)
k=8;CoefficientList[Series[x^k*(1/k Plus@@(EulerPhi[#] (1-x^#)^(-(k/#))&/@Divisors[k])+(1+x)/(1-x^2)^Floor[(k+2)/2])/2,{x,0,50}],x] (* Herbert Kociemba, Nov 04 2016 *)

S. J. Cyvin et al. (1997) give a g.f. (See equation (18) on p. 870 of their paper. Their g.f. is the same as the one given by V. Jovovic below except for the extra x^8.) - Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 14 2018
G.f.: (x^8/16)*(1/(1 - x)^8 + 4/(1 - x^8) + 5/(1 - x^2)^4 + 2/(1 - x^4)^2 + 4/(1 - x)^2/(1 - x^2)^3) = x^8*(2*x^10 - 3*x^9 + 7*x^8 - 6*x^7 + 7*x^6 - 2*x^5 + 2*x^4 - 2*x^3 + 5*x^2 - 3*x + 1)/(1 - x)^8/(1 + x)^4/(1 + x^2)^2/(1 + x^4). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 17 2002
a(n) = ((n+4)/32)*s(n,0,8) + ((n-4)/32)*s(n,4,8) + (48*C(n-1,7) + (n+1)*(n-2)*(n-4)*(n-6))/768, if n is even >= 8; a(n) = (48*C(n-1,7) + (n-1)*(n-3)*(n-5)*(n-7))/768, if n odd >= 8, where s(n,k,d)=1, if n == k (mod d), and 0 otherwise. - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 23 2011
G.f.: k=8, x^k*((1/k)*Sum_{d|k} phi(d)*(1-x^d)^(-k/d) + (1+x)/(1-x^2)^floor((k+2)/2))/2. - Herbert Kociemba, Nov 05 2016 [edited by Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 18 2018]
From Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 14 2018: (Start)
a(n) = (A032193(n) + A119963(n, 8))/2 = (A032193(n) + C(floor(n/2), 4))/2 for n >= 8.
The sequence (a(n): n >= 8) is the output sequence of Bower's "DIK[ 8 ]" (bracelet, indistinct, unlabeled, 8 parts) transform of 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
(End)

Sequence extended and description corrected by Christian G. Bower

Name edited by Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 20 2018

A106369 Number of circular compositions of n such that no two adjacent parts are equal.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 18, 29, 42, 73, 111, 183, 299, 491, 796, 1333, 2188, 3652, 6073, 10155, 16959, 28500, 47813, 80508, 135621, 228967, 386749, 654535, 1108353, 1879478, 3189495, 5418556, 9212099, 15676275, 26694509, 45493327, 77580915

Offset: 1

Christian G. Bower, Apr 29 2005

nonn

By "circular compositions" here we mean equivalence classes of compositions with parts on a circle such that two compositions are equivalent if one is a cyclic shift of the other. - Petros Hadjicostas, Oct 15 2017

			a(6) = 6 because the 6 circular compositions of 6: 6, 5+1, 4+2, 3+2+1, 3+1+2, 2+1+2+1.

Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
P. Hadjicostas, Cyclic, dihedral and symmetric Carlitz compositions of a positive integer, Journal of Integer Sequences, 20 (2017), Article 17.8.5.
Petros Hadjicostas, Proof of an explicit formula for Bower's CycleBG transform
Index entries for sequences related to necklaces

Cf. A000031, A008965, A212322, A292906.

nmax = 40; Rest[CoefficientList[Series[x/(1-x) - Sum[EulerPhi[s]/s*(Log[1 - Sum[x^(s*n)/(1 + x^(s*n)), {n, 1, nmax}]] + Sum[Log[1 + x^(s*n)], {n, 1, nmax}]), {s, 1, nmax}], {x, 0, nmax}], x]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 06 2017, after Petros Hadjicostas *)

CycleBG transform of (1, 1, 1, 1, ...).
CycleBG transform T(A) = invMOEBIUS(invEULER(Carlitz(A)) + A(x^2) - A) + A.
Carlitz transform T(A(x)) has g.f. 1/(1 - Sum_{k>0} (-1)^(k+1)*A(x^k)).
G.f.: x/(1-x) - Sum_{s>=1} (phi(s)/s)*f(x^s), where f(x) = log(1 - Sum_{n>=1} x^n/(1 + x^n)) + Sum_{n>=1} log(1 + x^n) and phi(s)=A000010 is Euler's totient function. - Petros Hadjicostas, Sep 06 2017
Conjecture: a(n) ~ A241902^n / n. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 06 2017
General formula for the CycleBG transform: T(A)(x) = A(x) - Sum_{k>=0} A(x^(2k+1)) + Sum_{k>=1} (phi(k)/k)*log(Carlitz(A)(x^k)). For a proof, see the links above. (For this sequence, A(x) = x/(1-x).) - Petros Hadjicostas, Oct 08 2017
G.f.: -Sum_{s>=1} x^(2s+1)/(1-x^(2s+1)) - Sum_{s>=1} (phi(s)/s)*g(x^s), where g(x) = log(1 + Sum_{n>=1} (-x)^n/(1 - x^n)). (This formula can be proved from the general formula for the CycleBG transform given above.) - Petros Hadjicostas, Oct 10 2017

Name clarified by Andrew Howroyd, Oct 12 2017

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A032279 Number of bracelets (turnover necklaces) of n beads of 2 colors, 5 of them black.

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A005514 Number of n-bead bracelets (turnover necklaces) with 8 red beads and n-8 black beads.

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A106369 Number of circular compositions of n such that no two adjacent parts are equal.

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