cp's OEIS Frontend

For n >= 2 by the hook length formula a(n) is also the number of Young tableaux of size 1+2+...+(n-1) = n*(n-1)/2 that correspond to the partition (1,2,...n-1), i.e., triangular Young tableaux. For example, for n=5 the shape of the tableau is xxxx / xxx / xx / x. - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), May 04 2001

Also, a(n) is the degree of the symplectic Grassmannian, the projective variety of all maximal isotropic subspaces in a complex vector space of dimension 2n-2 with a symplectic form. See Hiller's paper. - Burt Totaro (b.totaro(AT)dpmms.cam.ac.uk), Oct 29 2002

Also, for n >= 2, a(n) is the number of maximal chains in the poset of Dyck paths ordered by inclusion. - Jennifer Woodcock (Jennifer.Woodcock(AT)ugdsb.on.ca), May 21 2008

a(n) is the number of minimal decompositions of the "flip" permutation n(n-1)..21 in terms of the n-1 standard Coxeter generators (i i+1) ("reduced decompositions", cf. Stanley). As such, it is also the number of positive n-strand braid words representing the Garside braid Delta(n) (the half-turn) (cf. Epstein's book, lemma 9.1.14). - Maxime Bourrigan, Apr 04 2011

For n >= 1, the normalized volume of the subpolytope of the Birkhoff polytope obtained by taking the convex hull of all (2n)x(2n) permutation matrices corresponding to alternating permutations that also avoid the pattern 123. - Robert Davis, Dec 04 2016

Also, number of even minus number of odd extensions of truncated (n-1) X n grid diagram.

Also, a(n) is the degree of the spinor variety, the complex projective variety SO(2n+1)/U(n). See Hiller's paper. - Burt Totaro (b.totaro(AT)dpmms.cam.ac.uk), Oct 29 2002

Also, number of ways of placing 1, ..., n*(n+1)/2 in a triangular array such that both rows and columns are increasing, i.e., the number of shifted standard Young tableaux of shape (n, n-1, ..., 1).

E.g., a(3) = 2 as we can write:

1 1

2 3 or 2 4

4 5 6 3 5 6

(or transpose these to have shifted tableaux). - Jon Perry, Jun 13 2003, edited by Joel B. Lewis, Aug 27 2011

Also, the number of symbolic sequences on the n symbols 0,1, ..., n-1. A symbolic sequence is a sequence that has n occurrences of 0, n-1 occurrences of 1, ..., one occurrence of n-1 and satisfies the condition that between any two consecutive occurrences of the symbol i it has exactly one occurrence of the symbol i+1. For example, the two symbolic sequences on 3 symbols are 012010 and 010210. The Shapiro-Shapiro paper shows how such sequences arise in the study of the arrangement of the real roots of a polynomial and its derivatives. There is a natural bijection between symbolic sequences and the triangular arrays described above. - Peter Bala, Jul 18 2007

a(n) also appears to be the number of chains from w_0 down to 1 in a certain suborder of the strong Bruhat order on S_n: we let v cover (ij)*v only if i,j straddle the leftmost descent in v. For n=3 and drawing that descent with a |, this order is 3|21 > 23|1 > 13|2 & 2|13 > 123, with two maximal chains. - Allen Knutson (allenk(AT)math.cornell.edu), Oct 13 2008

Number of ways to arrange the numbers 1,2,...,n(n+1)/2 in a triangle so that the rows interlace; e.g., one of the 12 triangles counted by a(4) is

6

4 8

2 5 9

1 3 7 10

- Clark Kimberling, Mar 25 2012

Also, the number of maps from n X n pipe dreams (rc-graphs) to words of adjacent transpositions in S_n that send a crossing of pipes x and y in square (i,j) to the transposition (i+j-1,i+j) swapping x and y. Taking the pictorial image of a permutation as a wiring diagram, these are maps from pipe dreams to wiring diagrams that send crossings of pipes to crossings of similarly labeled wires. - Cameron Marcott, Nov 26 2012

Number of words of length T(n)=n*(n+1)/2 with n 1's, (n-1) 2's, ..., and 1 n such that counting the numbers from left to right we always have |1| > |2| > |3| > ... > |n|. The 12 words for n=4 are 1111222334, 1111223234, 1112122334, 1112123234, 1112212334, 1112213234, 1112231234, 1121122334, 1121123234, 1121212334, 1121213234 and 1121231234. - Jon Perry, Jan 27 2013

Regarding the comment dated Mar 25 2012, it is assumed that each row is in increasing order, as in the example dated Jul 12 2012. How many row-interlacing triangles are there without that restriction? - Clark Kimberling, Dec 02 2014

Number of maximal chains of length binomial(n+1,2) in the Tamari lattice T_{n+1}. For n=2 there is 1 maximal chain of length 3 in the Tamari lattice T_3. - Alois P. Heinz, Dec 04 2015

The normalized volume of the subpolytope of the Birkhoff polytope obtained by taking the convex hull of all n X n permutation matrices corresponding to permutations that avoid the patterns 132 and 312. - Robert Davis, Dec 04 2016

From Emily Gunawan, Feb 26 2022: (Start)

The number of maximal chains in the lattice of permutations which avoid both the patterns 132 and 312, as a sublattice of the weak order on the symmetric group. For example, there are exactly 12 maximal chains in the sublattice for the weak order on the symmetric group on 5 elements.

The number of words in the commutation class of the c-sorting word of the longest permutation w_0 in the symmetric group for the Coxeter element c = s_1 s_2 s_3 s_4 s_5 ... . For example, the c-sorting word of w_0 for s_1 s_2 s_3 s_4 is the reduced word s_1 s_2 s_3 s_4 | s_1 s_2 s_3 | s_1 s_2 | s_1, and there are exactly 12 words in its commutation class.

The number of maximal chains in the lattice of c-singletons for the symmetric group, for the Coxeter element c = s_1 s_2 s_3 s_4 s_5 ... . For example, there are exactly 12 maximal chains in the lattice of c-singletons for c = s_1 s_2 s_3 s_4. (End)