A019295 -id:A019295 - cp's OEIS frontend

A019276 Megaperfect numbers: numbers n where A019294(n) = min {m: n divides sigma^(m) (n)} increases to a record; sigma^(m) means apply the sum-of-divisors function m times.

1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 23, 25, 29, 59, 67, 101, 131, 173, 202, 239, 353, 389, 401, 461, 659, 1319, 1579, 1847, 2309, 2797

Offset: 1

Where records occur in A019294. a(n>=23) depend on a few probable primes.

Graeme L. Cohen & Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the Sum-of-Divisors Function: Abstract. (Page no longer available; link gives latest snapshot on web.archive.org from Sept. 2006)
Graeme L. Cohen & Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the Sum-of-Divisors Function [Broken link to a file "10355A.pdf", maybe the same as NM-R9525.pdf available through the above page of abstract.]
Graeme L. Cohen and Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the sum-of-divisors function, Experimental Mathematics, 5 (1996), pp. 93-100.

Cf. A019277 (the record values), A019294 (min{m: n|sigma^(m)(n)}), A019295 (ratio sigma^(m)(n)/n).

f[n_, m_] := Block[{d = DivisorSigma[1, n]}, If[Mod[d, m] == 0, 0, d]]; g[n_] := Length[ NestWhileList[ f[ #, n] &, n, # != 0 &]] - 1; a = 0; Do[b = g[n]; If[b > a, a = b; Print[ n]], {n, 460}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 24 2005 *)

m=0;for(n=1,oo,m<(m=max(A019294(n),m))&&print1(n",")) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

A019294 Number (> 0) of iterations of sigma (A000203) required to reach a multiple of n when starting with n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 2, 5, 1, 5, 2, 7, 4, 15, 3, 13, 3, 2, 2, 13, 4, 12, 5, 2, 13, 16, 2, 17, 4, 9, 1, 78, 7, 10, 4, 17, 11, 6, 5, 28, 22, 4, 7, 39, 2, 16, 16, 16, 10, 32, 5, 13, 17, 9, 3, 58, 11, 19, 5, 13, 67, 97, 2, 23, 5, 16, 2, 4, 8, 101, 21, 19, 11, 50, 4, 20, 20, 23, 14, 21, 10, 36, 5, 15

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Let sigma^m(n) be result of applying sum-of-divisors function m times to n; sequence gives m(n) = min m such that n divides sigma^m(n).
Perfect numbers require one iteration.
It is conjectured that the sequence is finite for all n.
See also the Cohen-te Riele links under A019276.
a(A111227(n)) > A111227(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 02 2012
a(659) > 870. - Michel Marcus, Jan 04 2017

			If n = 9 the iteration sequence is s(9) = {9, 13, 14, 24, 60, 168, 480, 1512, 4800, 15748, 28672} and Mod[s(9), 9] = {0, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3, 0, 3, 7, 7}. The first iterate which is a multiple of 9 is the 7th = 1512, so a(9) = 7. For n = 67, the 101st iterate is the first, so a(67) = 101. Usually several iterates are divisible by the initial value. E.g., if n = 6, then 91 of the first 100 iterates are divisible by 6.
A difficult term to compute: a(461) = 557. - _Don Reble_, Jun 23 2005

Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2004. See Section B41, p. 147.

Don Reble, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1578 (Terms a(1..400) from T. D. Noe, Nov 2007; a(401..659) from Michel Marcus, Jan 02 2017), Feb 20 2022.
G. L. Cohen and H. J. J. te Riele, Iterating the sum-of-divisors function, Experimental Mathematics, 5 (1996), pp. 93-100. See Table 2, p. 95.
Paul Erdős, Andrew Granville, Carl Pomerance and Claudia Spiro, On the normal behavior of the iterates of some arithmetic functions, Analytic number theory, Birkhäuser Boston, 1990, pp. 165-204.
Paul Erdős, Andrew Granville, Carl Pomerance and Claudia Spiro, On the normal behavior of the iterates of some arithmetic functions, Analytic number theory, Birkhäuser Boston, 1990, pp. 165-204. [Annotated copy with A-numbers]
Carl Pomerance, On the composition of the functions sigma and phi, Colloq. Math., 59 (1989), 11-15.
Wikipedia, Iterated function, as of Jan 02 2020.
Zeraoulia Rafik, On congruence of the iterated form sigma^k(m) = 0 mod m, arXiv:2102.09941 [math.NT], 2021.

Cf. A019295 (ratio sigma^m(n)/n), A019276 (indices of records), A019277 (records), A000396.

a019294 n = snd $ until ((== 0) . (`mod` n) . fst)
                        (\(x, i) -> (a000203 x, i + 1)) (a000203 n, 1)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 02 2012

a:=[]; f:=func; for n in [1..81] do k:=n; s:=1; while f(k) mod n ne 0 do k:=f(k); s:=s+1; end while; Append(~a,s); end for; a; // Marius A. Burtea, Jan 11 2020

A019294 := proc(n)
    local a,nitr ;
    a := 1 ;
    nitr := numtheory[sigma](n);
    while modp(nitr,n) <> 0 do
        nitr := numtheory[sigma](nitr) ;
        a := a+1 ;
    end do:
    return a;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Aug 22 2016

f[n_, m_] := Block[{d = DivisorSigma[1, n]}, If[ Mod[d, m] == 0, 0, d]]; Table[ Length[ NestWhileList[ f[ #, n] &, n, # != 0 &]] - 1, {n, 84}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 24 2005 *)
Table[Length[NestWhileList[DivisorSigma[1,#]&,DivisorSigma[1,n], !Divisible[ #,n]&]],{n,90}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 04 2015 *)

a(n)=if(n<0,0,c=1; s=n; while(sigma(s)%n>0,s=sigma(s); c++); c)

apply( A019294(n,s=n)=for(k=1,oo,(s=sigma(s))%n||return(k)), [1..99]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

Conjecture: lim_{n -> oo} log(Sum_{k=1..n} a(k))/log(n) = C = 1.6... - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 24 2002
From Michel Marcus, Jan 02 2017: (Start)
a(n) = 1 for n in A007691.
a(n) = 2 for n in A019278 unless it belongs to A007691.
a(n) = 3 for n in A019292 unless it belongs to A007691 or A019278. (End)

Additional comments from Labos Elemer, Jun 20 2001

Edited by M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

A019277 Records in A019294, number of iterations of the sigma function to reach a multiple of the starting value.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 15, 16, 17, 78, 97, 101, 120, 174, 214, 239, 261, 263, 296, 380, 557, 1287, 1524, 1722, 1911, 2023, 2373

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Original name: Let sigma_m(n) be the result of applying the sum-of-divisors function m times to n; let m(n) = min m such that n divides sigma_m (n); let k(n) = sigma_{m(n)}(n)/n; sequence gives k(n) for the megaperfect numbers n, where m(n) increases.
Records in A019294. a(n>=23) depend on a few probable primes.
See also the Cohen-te Riele links under A019276.
The original name mentioned the sequence of ratios k, i.e., A019295(A019276) = (1, 2, 5, 24, 168, 1834560, 6516224, 881280, ...), at present not listed in the OEIS. - M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

Graeme L. Cohen and Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the sum-of-divisors function, Experimental Mathematics, 5 (1996), pp. 93-100.

Cf. A019276 (megaperfect numbers: where A019294 has records), A019294 (min m: n|sigma^m(n)), A019295 (sigma^m(n)/n with m = A019294).

f[n_, m_] := Block[{d = DivisorSigma[1, n]}, If[Mod[d, m] == 0, 0, d]]; g[n_] := Length[ NestWhileList[ f[ #, n] &, n, # != 0 &]] - 1; a = 0; Do[b = g[n]; If[b > a, a = b; Print[ a]], {n, 460}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 24 2005 *)

{M=0; for(n=1,oo, my(s=n,m=1); while((s=sigma(s))%n,m++); m>M&&print1(M=m,","))} \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

a(n) = A019294(A019276(n)). - M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

Definition corrected by M. F. Hasler, Jan 07 2020

A173430 Last of consecutive coprime iterations of sum-of-divisors function.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 15, 15, 15, 6, 6, 15, 15, 14, 10, 12, 12, 14, 14, 15, 104, 18, 18, 20, 20, 104, 22, 24, 24, 104, 26, 40, 28, 30, 30, 104, 104, 33, 34, 48, 91, 38, 38, 56, 40, 42, 42, 44, 44, 45, 46, 48, 48, 80, 255, 51, 52, 54, 54, 72, 56, 80, 58, 60, 60, 62, 62, 104, 255, 84, 66, 68, 68

Offset: 1

Walter Nissen, Feb 18 2010

			Calculating sum-of-divisors ( ... sum-of-divisors ( sum-of-divisors ( 4 ) ) ... ) the iterates are 4, 7, 8, 15, 24, ... .
The initial, consecutive, pairwise, coprime iterates are 4, 7, 8, 15, so a(4) = 15 .
Here sigma ( 4 ) = 7, sigma ( sigma ( 4 ) ) = sigma ( 7 ) = 8, etc.

Oystein Ore, Number Theory and Its History, 1988, Dover Publications, ISBN 0486656209, pp. 88-96.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Graeme L. Cohen and Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the sum-of-divisors function, Experimental Mathematics, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1996), pp. 91-100.
Leonard Eugene Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume I, Divisibility and Primality, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919, Chapters II and X

Cf. A129246 and the references there, A019294, A019295, A000203, A051027, A019284, A019277.

a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Module[{k = n}, While[CoprimeQ[k, (s = DivisorSigma[1, k])], k = s]; k]; Array[a, 68] (* Amiram Eldar, Sep 02 2019 *)

A173431 Count of consecutive coprime iterations of sum-of-divisors function.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 5, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 1, 5, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Walter Nissen, Feb 18 2010

The last of these iterates is the value in A173430.

			Calculating sum-of-divisors ( ... sum-of-divisors ( sum-of-divisors ( 7 ) ) ... ) the iterates are 7, 8, 15, 24, ... .
The initial, consecutive, pairwise, coprime iterates are 7, 8, 15, and there are 3 of these, so a(7) = 3.
Here sigma ( 7 ) = 8, sigma ( sigma ( 7 ) ) = sigma ( 8 ) = 15, etc.

Graeme L. Cohen and Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the sum-of-divisors function, Experimental Mathematics, 5 (1996), pp. 93-100.
Oystein Ore, Number Theory and Its History, 1988, Dover Publications, ISBN 0486656209, pp. 88-96.

Leonard Eugene Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume I, Divisibility and Primality, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919, Chapters II and X

Cf. A173430, A129246 and the references there, A019294, A019295, A000203, A051027, A019284, A019277.

a(n)=my(t,s);if(n==1,1,while(1,s++;t=sigma(n);if(gcd(t,n)==1,n=t,return(s)))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 06 2012

cp's OEIS Frontend

A019276 Megaperfect numbers: numbers n where A019294(n) = min {m: n divides sigma^(m) (n)} increases to a record; sigma^(m) means apply the sum-of-divisors function m times.

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A019294 Number (> 0) of iterations of sigma (A000203) required to reach a multiple of n when starting with n.

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A019277 Records in A019294, number of iterations of the sigma function to reach a multiple of the starting value.

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A173430 Last of consecutive coprime iterations of sum-of-divisors function.

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A173431 Count of consecutive coprime iterations of sum-of-divisors function.

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A331035 a(n) = sigma^m(N)/N for N = A019276(n) (megaperfect numbers), where m(N) = min {m: N | sigma^m(N)} reaches record values; sigma^m is m-fold iteration of A000203.

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