A046519 -id:A046519 - cp's OEIS frontend

A007770 Happy numbers: numbers whose trajectory under iteration of sum of squares of digits map (see A003132) includes 1.

1, 7, 10, 13, 19, 23, 28, 31, 32, 44, 49, 68, 70, 79, 82, 86, 91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 109, 129, 130, 133, 139, 167, 176, 188, 190, 192, 193, 203, 208, 219, 226, 230, 236, 239, 262, 263, 280, 291, 293, 301, 302, 310, 313, 319, 320, 326, 329, 331, 338

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, A.R.McKenzie(AT)bnr.co.uk

Sometimes called friendly numbers, but this usage is deprecated.
Gilmer shows that the lower density of this sequence is < 0.1138 and the upper density is > 0.18577. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 21 2011
Corrected the upper and lower density inequalities in the comment above. - Nathan Fox, Mar 14 2013
Grundman defines the heights of the happy numbers by the number of iterations needed to reach the 1: 0, 5, 1, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, ... (A090425(n) - 1). E.g., for n=2 the height of 7 is 5 because it needs 5 iterations: 7 -> 49 -> 97 -> 130 -> 10 -> 1. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 09 2017
El-Sedy & Siksek prove that this sequence contains arbitrarily long subsequences of consecutive terms; that is, the upper uniform density of this sequence is 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 12 2022

			1 is OK. 2 --> 4 --> 16 --> 37 --> ... --> 4, which repeats with period 8, so never reaches 1, so 2 (and 4) are unhappy.
A correspondent suggested that 98 is happy, but it is not. It enters a cycle 98 -> 145 -> 42 -> 20 -> 4 -> 16 ->37 ->58 -> 89 -> 145 ...

L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol, I: Divisibility and Primality, AMS Chelsea Publ., 1999.
R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems Number Theory, Sect. E34.
J. N. Kapur, Reflections of a Mathematician, Chap. 34 pp. 319-324, Arya Book Depot New Delhi 1996.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 25-26.

Jud McCranie, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..143071
Breeanne Baker Swart, Susan Crook, Helen G. Grundman, Laura Hall-Seelig, May Mei, and Laurie Zack, Fixed Points of Augmented Generalized Happy Functions II: Oases and Mirages, arXiv:1908.02194 [math.NT], 2019.
T. Cai and X. Zhou, On the height of happy numbers, Rocky Mt. J. Math. 38 (6) (2008) 1921.
E. El-Sedy and S. Siksek, On happy numbers, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 30 (2000), 565-570.
Justin Gilmer, On the density of happy numbers, arXiv:1110.3836 [math.NT], 2011-2015.
H. G. Grundmann, Semihappy Numbers, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010), 10.4.8.
B. L. Mayer and L. H. A. Monteiro, On the divisors of natural and happy numbers: a study based on entropy and graphs, AIMS Mathematics (2023) Vol. 8, Issue 6, 13411-13424.
Luca Onnis, On a variant of the happy numbers and their generalizations, arXiv:2203.03381 [math.GM], 2022.
Hao Pan, Consecutive happy numbers, arXiv:math/0607213 [math.NT], 2006.
W. Schneider, Happy Numbers (Includes list of terms below 10000)
R. Styer, Smallest Examples of Strings of Consecutive Happy Numbers, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010), 10.6.3.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Happy Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Digitaddition
Wikipedia, Happy number

Cf. A003132 (the underlying map), A001273, A035497 (happy primes), A046519, A031177, A002025, A050972, A050973, A074902, A103369, A035502, A068571, A072494, A124095, A219667, A239320 (base 3), A240849 (base 5).

Cf. A090425 (required iterations including start and end).

a007770 n = a007770_list !! (n-1)
a007770_list = filter ((== 1) . a103369) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 24 2011

f[n_] := Total[IntegerDigits[n]^2]; Select[Range[400], NestWhile[f, #, UnsameQ, All] == 1 &] (* T. D. Noe, Aug 22 2011 *)
Select[Range[1000],FixedPoint[Total[IntegerDigits[#]^2]&,#,10]==1&] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 09 2011 *)
(* A example with recurrence formula to test if a number is happy *)
a[1]=7;
a[n_]:=Sum[(Floor[a[n-1]/10^k]-10*Floor[a[n-1]/10^(k+1)]) ^ (2) ,{k, 0,
      Floor[Log[10,a[n-1]]] }]
Table[a[n],{n,1,10}] (* José de Jesús Camacho Medina, Mar 29 2014 *)

ssd(n)=n=digits(n);sum(i=1,#n,n[i]^2)
is(n)=while(n>6,n=ssd(n));n==1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

select( {is_A007770(n)=while(6M. F. Hasler, Dec 20 2024

def ssd(n): return sum(int(d)**2 for d in str(n))
def ok(n):
  while n not in [1, 4]: n = ssd(n) # iterate until fixed point or in cycle
  return n==1
def aupto(n): return [k for k in range(1, n+1) if ok(k)]
print(aupto(338)) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 07 2021

From Ulrich Krug (leuchtfeuer37(AT)gmx.de), Apr 23 2009: (Start)
1) Every power 10^k is a member of the sequence.
2) If n is member the numbers obtained by placing zeros anywhere in n are members.
3) If n is member each permutation of digits of n gives another member.
4) If the repeated process of summing squared digits give a number which is already a member of sequence the starting number belongs to the sequence.
5) If n is a member the repunit consisting of n 1's is a member.
6) If n is a member delete any digit d, new number consisting of remaining digits of n and d^2 1's placed everywhere to n is a member.
7) It is conjectured that the sequence includes an infinite number of primes (see A035497).
8) For any starting number the repeated process of summing squared digits ends with 1 or gives an "8-loop" which ends with (37,58,89,145,42,20,4,16,37) (End)

A035497 Happy primes: primes that eventually reach 1 under iteration of "x -> sum of squares of digits of x".

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 13, 19, 23, 31, 79, 97, 103, 109, 139, 167, 193, 239, 263, 293, 313, 331, 367, 379, 383, 397, 409, 487, 563, 617, 653, 673, 683, 709, 739, 761, 863, 881, 907, 937, 1009, 1033, 1039, 1093, 1151, 1277, 1303, 1373, 1427, 1447, 1481, 1487, 1511, 1607, 1663

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

The 2nd and 3rd repunit primes, 1111111111111111111 and 11111111111111111111111 are happy primes. - Thomas M. Green, Oct 23 2009

There are 200 terms up to 10^4, 1465 up to 10^5, 11144 up to 10^6, 91323 up to 10^7, 812371 up to 10^8, 7408754 up to 10^9, and 67982202 up to 10^10. These are consistent with b*prime(n) < a(n) < c*prime(n) with constants 0 < b < c. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 06 2016

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems Number Theory, Sect. E34.

Nathaniel Johnston, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Happy Numbers, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 7, 209-222.
Carlos Rivera, Puzzle 21. Happy primes, The Prime Puzzles and Problems Connection.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Happy Number
Doctor Who, Episode 42
Wikipedia, Happy number
Wikipedia, Doctor Who, Episode 42

Cf. A007770 (happy numbers), A046519.

g[n_] := Total[ IntegerDigits[n]^2]; fQ[n_] := NestWhileList[g@# &, n, UnsameQ, All][[-1]] == 1; Select[Prime@ Range@ 300, fQ@# &] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 03 2013 *)
hpQ[p_]:=NestWhile[Total[IntegerDigits[#]^2]&,p,#!=1&,1,50]==1; Select[Prime[ Range[ 300]],hpQ] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 07 2022 *)

has(n)=while(n>6, n=norml2(digits(n))); n==1
is(n)=has(n) && isprime(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 14 2015

from sympy import isprime
def swb(n): return sum(map(lambda x: x*x, map(int, str(n))))
def happy(bd):
    while bd not in [1, 4]: bd = swb(bd) # iterate to fixed point or cycle
    return bd == 1
def ok(n): return isprime(n) and happy(n)
def aupto(n): return [k for k in range(1, n+1) if ok(k)]
print(aupto(2012)) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 13 2022

More terms from Patrick De Geest, Oct 15 1999

A343192 Happy Honaker primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

263, 1039, 1933, 2221, 3067, 3137, 5741, 6343, 6353, 6971, 7481, 8821, 9103, 10247, 11251, 12347, 13037, 13339, 13457, 13933, 14437, 16451, 17317, 18041, 21617, 26309, 26339, 30091, 30293, 31177, 32009, 34471, 35227, 36307, 36433, 37117, 41131, 41333, 41801, 43781

Offset: 1

K. D. Bajpai, Apr 07 2021

Intersection of A033548 and A035497 or A007770.

			263 is a Honaker prime: the number of primes up to 263 is 56 and 2 + 6 + 3 = 11 = 5 + 6. 263 is also a Happy number: iterating the sum of squares of digits terminates in 1, i.e., 263 -> 4 + 36 + 9 = 49 -> 16 + 81 = 97 -> 81 + 49 = 130 -> 1 + 9 + 0 = 10 -> 1 + 0 = 1. Thus 263 is a Happy Honaker prime.

K. D. Bajpai, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A007770, A033548, A035497, A046519.

Select[Prime[Range[20000]], FixedPoint[Total[IntegerDigits[#]^2] &, #, 10] == 1 && Plus @@ IntegerDigits@# == Plus @@ IntegerDigits@PrimePi@# &]

A364786 We exclude powers of 10 and numbers of the form 11...111 in which the number of 1's is a power of 10. Then a(n) is the smallest number (not excluded) whose trajectory under iteration of "x -> sum of n-th powers of digits of x" reaches 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

19, 7, 112, 11123, 1111222, 111111245666689, 1111133333333335, 1111122333333333333333333346677777777888, 22222222222222222226666668888888, 233444445555555555555555555555555555555555555555555577, 1222222222233333333333333444444444455555555555555556666666666666666666666677778888889

Offset: 1

Simon R Blow, Aug 07 2023

For n!=2, it appears that the first step in the trajectory is always to a power of 10, so that the task would be to find the shortest and lexicographically smallest partition of a power of 10 into parts 1^n,...,9^n.

			a(1) = 19 since 1^1 + 9^1 = 10 and 1^1 + 0^1 = 1.
a(3) = 112 since 1^3 + 1^3 + 2^3 = 10 and 1^3 + 0^3 = 1.

Cf. A007770, A035497, A046519.

a(6), a(8), and a(9) corrected by, and a(10) and a(11) from Jon E. Schoenfield, Aug 10 2023

Definition clarified by N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 15 2023

cp's OEIS Frontend

A007770 Happy numbers: numbers whose trajectory under iteration of sum of squares of digits map (see A003132) includes 1.

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A035497 Happy primes: primes that eventually reach 1 under iteration of "x -> sum of squares of digits of x".

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A343192 Happy Honaker primes.

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A364786 We exclude powers of 10 and numbers of the form 11...111 in which the number of 1's is a power of 10. Then a(n) is the smallest number (not excluded) whose trajectory under iteration of "x -> sum of n-th powers of digits of x" reaches 1.

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