A134956 -id:A134956 - cp's OEIS frontend

A030019 Number of labeled spanning trees in the complete hypergraph on n vertices (all hyperedges having cardinality 2 or greater).

1, 1, 1, 4, 29, 311, 4447, 79745, 1722681, 43578820, 1264185051, 41381702275, 1509114454597, 60681141052273, 2667370764248023, 127258109992533616, 6549338612837162225, 361680134713529977507, 21333858798449021030515, 1338681172839439064846881

Offset: 0

David Warme (warme(AT)s3i.com)

Equivalently, this is the number of "hypertrees" on n labeled nodes, i.e. connected hypergraphs that have no cycles, assuming that each edge contains at least two vertices. - Don Knuth, Jan 26 2008. See A134954 for hyperforests.
Also number of labeled connected graphs where every block is a complete graph (cf. A035053).
Let H = (V,E) be the complete hypergraph on N labeled vertices (all edges having cardinality 2 or greater). Let e in E and K = |e|. Then the number of distinct spanning trees of H that contain edge e is g(N,K) = K * E[X_N^{N-K}] / N and the K=1 case gives this sequence. Clearly there is some deep structural connection between spanning trees in hypergraphs and Poisson moments.

Warren D. Smith and David Warme, Paper in preparation, 2002.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..370 (first 101 terms from T. D. Noe)
Ayomikun Adeniran and Catherine Yan, Gončarov Polynomials in Partition Lattices and Exponential Families, arXiv:1907.07814 [math.CO], 2019.
Roland Bacher, On the enumeration of labelled hypertrees and of labelled bipartite trees, arXiv:1102.2708 [math.CO], 2011.
Maryam Bahrani and Jérémie Lumbroso, Enumerations, Forbidden Subgraph Characterizations, and the Split-Decomposition, arXiv:1608.01465 [math.CO], 2016.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 810.
Louis H. Kalikow, Enumeration of parking functions, allowable permutation pairs, and labeled trees, PhD thesis, Brandeis University, 1999.
R. Lorentz, S. Tringali, and C.H. Yan, Generalized Goncarov polynomials, arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.04039, 2015.
Adam Piggott, The symmetries of Mccullough-Miller space, 2011, preprint.
Adam Piggott, The symmetries of Mccullough-Miller space, Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 14(2) (2012), 239-266.
D. M. Warme, Spanning Trees in Hypergraphs with Applications to Steiner Trees, PhD thesis, University of Virginia, 1998, Table 5.1.
D. M. Warme, Spanning Trees in Hypergraphs with Applications to Steiner Trees, PhD thesis, University of Virginia, 1998, Table 5.1.
Index entries for sequences related to trees

Cf. A030438, A035051, A035053, A134954, A134956, A134958. A052888, A210587.

a[n_] := Sum[ StirlingS2[n-1, i]*n^(i-1), {i, 0, n-1}]; a[0] = 1; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 18}](* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 12 2012, from 2nd formula *)

{a(n)=if(n==0,1,(n-1)!*polcoeff(1-sum(k=0, n-2, a(k+1)*x^k/k!*exp(-(k+1)*(exp(x+O(x^n))-1))), n-1))} /* Paul D. Hanna */

/* E.g.f. of sequence shifted left one place: */
{a(n)=local(A=1+x); for(i=1, n, A=exp(-1)*sum(m=0, 2*n+10, exp(m*x*A+x*O(x^n))/m!)); round(n!*polcoeff(A, n))} /* Paul D. Hanna */

a(n) = A035051(n)/n for n > 0.
a(n) = Sum_{i=0...n-1} Stirling2(n-1, i) n^(i-1), n >= 1. (Warme, Corollary 3.15.1, p. 59)
a(n) = E[X_n^{n-1}] / n, n >= 1, where X_n is a Poisson random variable with mean n.
1 = Sum_{n>=0} a(n+1) * x^n/n! * exp( -(n+1)*(exp(x)-1) ). - Paul D. Hanna, Jun 11 2011
E.g.f. satisfies: A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} exp(n*x*A(x)-1)/n! = Sum_{n>=0} a(n+1)*x^n/n!. - Paul D. Hanna, Sep 25 2011
Dobinski-type formula: a(n) = 1/e^n*sum {k = 0..inf} n^(k-1)*k^(n-1)/k!. Cf. A052888. For a refinement of this sequence see A210587. - Peter Bala, Apr 05 2012
a(n) ~ n^(n-2) / (sqrt(1+LambertW(1)) * (LambertW(1))^(n-1) * exp((2-1/LambertW(1))*n)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 26 2014

More terms, formula and comment from Christian G. Bower Dec 15 1999

A134954 Number of "hyperforests" on n labeled nodes, i.e., hypergraphs that have no cycles, assuming that each edge contains at least two vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 8, 55, 562, 7739, 134808, 2846764, 70720278, 2021462055, 65365925308, 2359387012261, 94042995460130, 4102781803365418, 194459091322828280, 9950303194613104995, 546698973373090998382, 32101070021048906407183, 2006125858248695722280564

Offset: 0

Don Knuth, Jan 26 2008

nonn

The part of the name "assuming that each edge contains at least two vertices" is ambiguous. It may mean that not all n vertices have to be covered by some edge of the hypergraph, i.e., it is not necessarily a spanning hyperforest. However it is common to represent uncovered vertices as singleton edges, as in my example. - Gus Wiseman, May 20 2018

			From _Gus Wiseman_, May 20 2018: (Start)
The a(3) = 8 labeled spanning hyperforests are the following:
{{1,2,3}}
{{1,3},{2,3}}
{{1,2},{2,3}}
{{1,2},{1,3}}
{{3},{1,2}}
{{2},{1,3}}
{{1},{2,3}}
{{1},{2},{3}}
(End)

D. E. Knuth: The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4, Generating All Combinations and Partitions Fascicle 3, Section 7.2.1.4. Generating all partitions. Page 38, Algorithm H. - Washington Bomfim, Sep 25 2008

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..370
N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms

Cf. A030019, A035053, A048143, A054921, A134955, A134956, A134957, A144959, A242817, A304716, A304717, A304867, A304911, A304912.

b:= proc(n) option remember; add(Stirling2(n-1,i) *n^(i-1), i=0..n-1) end: B:= proc(n) x-> add(b(k) *x^k/k!, k=0..n) end: a:= n-> coeff(series(exp(B(n)(x)), x, n+1), x,n) *n!: seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 09 2008

b[n_] := b[n] = Sum[StirlingS2[n-1, i]*n^(i-1), {i, 0, n-1}]; B[n_][x_] := Sum[b[k] *x^k/k!, {k, 0, n}]; a[0]=1; a[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ Exp[B[n][x]], {x, 0, n}] *n!; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 30}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 13 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Exponential transform of A030019. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 30 2008
Binomial transform of A304911. - Gus Wiseman, May 20 2018
a(n) = Sum of n!*Product_{k=1..n} (A030019(k)/k!)^c_k / (c_k)! over all the partitions of n, c_1 + 2c_2 + ... + nc_n; c_1, c_2, ..., c_n >= 0. - Washington Bomfim, Sep 25 2008
a(n) ~ exp((n+1)/LambertW(1)) * n^(n-2) / (sqrt(1+LambertW(1)) * exp(2*n+2) * (LambertW(1))^n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 26 2014

A304918 Number of labeled antichain hyperforests spanning a subset of {1,...,n}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 5, 18, 104, 943, 12133, 203038, 4177755, 101922814, 2874725600, 92009680557, 3294276613933, 130446181101044, 5660055256165565, 267044522107706072, 13611243187516647324, 745329728016955480687, 43636132793651444511809, 2719977663069107176768790

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, May 21 2018

nonn

			The a(3) = 18 hyperforests are the following:
{{1,2,3}}      {{2,3}}    {{1,3}}    {{1,2}}    {{3}}   {{2}}   {{1}}   {}
{{1,3},{2,3}}  {{2},{3}}  {{1},{3}}  {{1},{2}}
{{1,2},{2,3}}
{{1,2},{1,3}}
{{3},{1,2}}
{{2},{1,3}}
{{1},{2,3}}
{{1},{2},{3}}

Cf. A030019, A035053, A048143, A134954, A134955, A134957, A134956, A134957, A134959, A144959, A303838, A304716, A304717, A304867, A304911, A304912.

Binomial transform of A134954.

A304968 Number of labeled hypertrees spanning some subset of {1,...,n}, with singleton edges allowed.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 48, 621, 12638, 351987, 12426060, 531225945, 26674100154, 1538781595999, 100292956964456, 7288903575373509, 584454485844541718, 51256293341752583499, 4880654469385955209092, 501471626403154217825457, 55300894427785157597436786

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, May 22 2018

nonn

			The a(2) = 7 hypertrees are the following:
{}
{{1}}
{{2}}
{{1,2}}
{{1},{1,2}}
{{2},{1,2}}
{{1},{2},{1,2}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A030019, A035053, A134954, A134955, A134956, A134957, A134958, A134959, A144959, A304386, A304867, A304911, A304912, A304918, A304968, A304970.

\\ here b(n) is A134958 with b(1)=1.
b(n)=if(n<2, n>=0, 2^n*sum(i=0, n, stirling(n-1, i, 2)*n^(i-1)));
a(n)=sum(k=0, n, binomial(n, k)*b(k)); \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

Binomial transform of b(1) = 1, b(n) = A134958(n) otherwise.

A304970 Number of unlabeled hypertrees with up to n vertices and without singleton edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 17, 39, 98, 263, 759, 2299, 7259, 23649, 79057, 269629, 935328, 3290260, 11714285, 42139053, 152963037, 559697097, 2062574000, 7649550572, 28534096988, 106994891146, 403119433266, 1525466082179, 5795853930652, 22102635416716, 84579153865570

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, May 22 2018

nonn

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(4) = 8 hypertrees are the following:
{}
{{1,2}}
{{1,2,3}}
{{1,2,3,4}}
{{1,3},{2,3}}
{{1,4},{2,3,4}}
{{1,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,4},{2,4},{3,4}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A030019, A035053, A134954, A134955, A134956, A134957, A134958, A134959, A144959, A304386, A304867, A304911, A304912, A304918, A304968, A304970.

\\ here b(n) is A007563 as vector
EulerT(v)={Vec(exp(x*Ser(dirmul(v, vector(#v, n, 1/n))))-1, -#v)}
b(n)={my(v=[1]); for(i=2, n, v=concat([1], EulerT(EulerT(v)))); v}
seq(n)={my(u=b(n)); Vec(1 + (x*Ser(EulerT(u))*(1-x*Ser(u)))/(1-x))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

Partial sums of A035053 if we assume A035053(1) = 0.

a(n) = A304937(n) + 1 for n > 0.

A304937 Number of unlabeled nonempty hypertrees with up to n vertices and no singleton edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 3, 7, 16, 38, 97, 262, 758, 2298, 7258, 23648, 79056, 269628, 935327, 3290259, 11714284, 42139052, 152963036, 559697096, 2062573999, 7649550571, 28534096987, 106994891145, 403119433265, 1525466082178, 5795853930651, 22102635416715, 84579153865569

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, May 21 2018

nonn

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(5) = 16 hypertrees are the following:
{{1,2}}
{{1,2,3}}
{{1,2,3,4}}
{{1,2,3,4,5}}
{{1,3},{2,3}}
{{1,4},{2,3,4}}
{{1,5},{2,3,4,5}}
{{1,2,5},{3,4,5}}
{{1,2},{2,5},{3,4,5}}
{{1,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,4},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,4},{2,5},{3,4,5}}
{{1,5},{2,5},{3,4,5}}
{{1,3},{2,4},{3,5},{4,5}}
{{1,4},{2,5},{3,5},{4,5}}
{{1,5},{2,5},{3,5},{4,5}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A030019, A035053, A048143, A134954, A134955, A134956, A134957, A134959, A144959, A303838, A304867, A304911, A304912, A304918.

\\ here b(n) is A007563 as vector
EulerT(v)={Vec(exp(x*Ser(dirmul(v, vector(#v, n, 1/n))))-1, -#v)}
b(n)={my(v=[1]); for(i=2, n, v=concat([1], EulerT(EulerT(v)))); v}
seq(n)={my(u=b(n)); Vec(1 + (x*Ser(EulerT(u))*(1-x*Ser(u)) - x)/(1-x))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

a(n) = a(n-1) + A035053(n) for n > 1, a(n) = 1 - n for n < 2.

A144935 Number of hyperforests with n labeled vertices when edges of size 1 are allowed (with no two equal edges), without isolated nodes nor isolated loops.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 4, 32, 512, 11232, 323648, 11616768, 500984576, 25275854848, 1461945274368, 95418154739712, 6939291871629312, 556552095965593600, 48807623034247200768, 4646562962112939622400, 477275845583045903777792

Offset: 1

Washington Bomfim, Sep 25 2008

nonn

			a(5) = 11232 since the partitions of 5 with parts > 1 are [5] and [3,2]. The partition [5] corresponds to 9952 hypergraphs and [3,2] corresponds to 5!4/2!32/3! = 1280.

D. E. Knuth: The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4, Generating All Combinations and Partitions Fascicle 3, Section 7.2.1.4. Generating all partitions. Page 38, Algorithm H.

Cf. A134958(hypertrees), A134956(hyperforests).

a(n) = Sum of n!prod_{k=1}^n\{ frac{ A134958(k)^{c_k} }{ k!^{c_k} c_k! } } over all the partitions of n with parts k > 1, c_1 + 2c_2 + ... + nc_n; c_1, c_2, ..., c_n >= 0.

A304939 Number of labeled nonempty hypertrees (connected antichains with no cycles) spanning some subset of {1,...,n} without singleton edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 7, 51, 506, 6843, 118581, 2504855, 62370529, 1788082153, 57997339632, 2099638691439, 83922479506503, 3670657248913385, 174387350448735877, 8942472292255441103, 492294103555090048458, 28958704109012732921523

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, May 21 2018

nonn

			The a(3) = 7 hypertrees are the following:
  {{1,2}}
  {{1,3}}
  {{2,3}}
  {{1,2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3}}
  {{1,2},{2,3}}
  {{1,3},{2,3}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A030019, A035053, A048143, A134954, A134955, A134956, A134957, A134959, A144959, A303838, A304867, A304911, A304912, A304918, A305004.

\\ here b(n) is A030019 with b(1)=0.
b(n)=if(n<2, n==0, sum(i=0, n, stirling(n-1, i, 2)*n^(i-1)));
a(n)=if(n<1, n==0, sum(k=1, n, binomial(n, k)*b(k))); \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

a(n) = A305004(n) - 1 for n > 0. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

A304977 Number of unlabeled hyperforests spanning n vertices with singleton edges allowed.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 14, 55, 235, 1112, 5672, 30783, 175733, 1042812, 6385278, 40093375, 257031667, 1676581863, 11098295287, 74401300872, 504290610004, 3451219615401, 23821766422463, 165684694539918, 1160267446543182, 8175446407807625, 57928670942338011, 412561582740147643

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, May 22 2018

nonn

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(3) = 14 hyperforests are the following:
  {{1,2,3}}
  {{3},{1,2}}
  {{3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3}}
  {{2},{3},{1,3}}
  {{2},{3},{1,2,3}}
  {{3},{1,2},{2,3}}
  {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2,3}}
  {{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
  {{2},{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,3},{2,3}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A030019, A035053, A134954, A134955, A134956, A134957, A134958, A134959, A144959, A304867, A304911, A304912, A304918.

\\ here b(n) is A318494 as vector
EulerT(v)={Vec(exp(x*Ser(dirmul(v, vector(#v, n, 1/n))))-1, -#v)}
b(n)={my(v=[1]); for(i=2, n, v=concat([1], EulerT(EulerT(2*v)))); v}
seq(n)={my(u=2*b(n)); concat([1], EulerT(Vec(Ser(EulerT(u))*(1-x*Ser(u))-1)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

Euler transform of b(1) = 1, b(n > 1) = A134959(n).

Terms a(7) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 27 2018

A144937 Number of hyperforests with n labeled vertices when edges of size 1 are allowed (with no two equal edges), with at least one component of order 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 4, 32, 368, 6752, 171648, 5638656, 227787008, 10932927488, 608031869952, 38451260291072, 2724757330591744, 213848122843791360, 18412354032091807744, 1725472542353497456640, 174827224579118545174528

Offset: 1

Washington Bomfim, Sep 25 2008

nonn

			For n=2 we do not have an hypertree of order 2. The possibilities are one forest, two hyperforests composed by one loop plus one tree and one hyperforest composed by two loops. So a(2)=4.

D. E. Knuth: The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4, Generating All Combinations and Partitions Fascicle 3, Section 7.2.1.4. Generating all partitions. Page 38, Algorithm H.

Cf. A134956(hyperforests), A144935(hyperforests without components of order 1).

a(n) = A134956(n) - A144935(n).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A030019 Number of labeled spanning trees in the complete hypergraph on n vertices (all hyperedges having cardinality 2 or greater).

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A134954 Number of "hyperforests" on n labeled nodes, i.e., hypergraphs that have no cycles, assuming that each edge contains at least two vertices.

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A304918 Number of labeled antichain hyperforests spanning a subset of {1,...,n}.

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A304968 Number of labeled hypertrees spanning some subset of {1,...,n}, with singleton edges allowed.

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A304970 Number of unlabeled hypertrees with up to n vertices and without singleton edges.

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A304937 Number of unlabeled nonempty hypertrees with up to n vertices and no singleton edges.

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A144935 Number of hyperforests with n labeled vertices when edges of size 1 are allowed (with no two equal edges), without isolated nodes nor isolated loops.

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A304939 Number of labeled nonempty hypertrees (connected antichains with no cycles) spanning some subset of {1,...,n} without singleton edges.

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