cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 16 results. Next

A000959 Lucky numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, 25, 31, 33, 37, 43, 49, 51, 63, 67, 69, 73, 75, 79, 87, 93, 99, 105, 111, 115, 127, 129, 133, 135, 141, 151, 159, 163, 169, 171, 189, 193, 195, 201, 205, 211, 219, 223, 231, 235, 237, 241, 259, 261, 267, 273, 283, 285, 289, 297, 303
Offset: 1

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane; entry updated Mar 07 2008

Keywords

Comments

An interesting general discussion of the phenomenon of 'random primes' (generalizing the lucky numbers) occurs in Hawkins (1958). Heyde (1978) proves that Hawkins' random primes do not only almost always satisfy the Prime Number Theorem but also the Riemann Hypothesis. - Alf van der Poorten, Jun 27 2002
Bui and Keating establish an asymptotic formula for the number of k-difference twin primes, and more generally to all l-tuples, of Hawkins primes, a probabilistic model of the Eratosthenes sieve. The formula for k = 1 was obtained by Wunderlich [Acta Arith. 26 (1974), 59 - 81]. - Jonathan Vos Post, Mar 24 2009. (This is quoted from the abstract of the Bui-Keating (2006) article, Joerg Arndt, Jan 04 2014)
It appears that a 1's line is formed, as in the Gilbreath's conjecture, if we use 2 (or 4), 3, 5 (differ of 7), 9, 13, 15, 21, 25, ... instead of A000959 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, 25, ... - Eric Desbiaux, Mar 25 2010
The Mersenne primes 2^p - 1 (= A000668, p in A000043) are in this sequence for p = 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, and 19, but not for the following exponents p = 31, 61, and 89. - M. F. Hasler, May 06 2025

References

  • Martin Gardner, Gardner's Workout, Chapter 21 "Lucky Numbers and 2187" pp. 149-156 A. K. Peters MA 2002.
  • Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, C3.
  • C. S. Ogilvy, Tomorrow's Math. 2nd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1972, p. 99.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • M. L. Stein and P. R. Stein, Tables of the Number of Binary Decompositions of All Even Numbers Less Than 200,000 into Prime Numbers and Lucky Numbers. Report LA-3106, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California, Los Alamos, NM, Sep 1964.
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 116.
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, 114.

Crossrefs

Main diagonal of A258207.
Column 1 of A255545. (cf. also arrays A255543, A255551).
Cf. A050505 (complement).
Cf. A145649 (characteristic function).
Cf. A031883 (first differences), A254967 (iterated absolute differences), see also A054978.
Cf. A109497 (works as a left inverse function).
The Gilbreath transform is A054978 - see also A362460, A362461, A362462.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a000959 n = a000959_list !! (n-1)
    a000959_list =  1 : sieve 2 [1,3..] where
       sieve k xs = z : sieve (k + 1) (lucky xs) where
          z = xs !! (k - 1 )
          lucky ws = us ++ lucky vs where
                (us, _:vs) = splitAt (z - 1) ws
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 05 2011
    
  • Haskell
    -- Also see links.
    (C++) // See Wilson link, Nov 14 2012
    
  • Maple
    ## luckynumbers(n) returns all lucky numbers from 1 to n. ## Try n=10^5 just for fun. luckynumbers:=proc(n) local k, Lnext, Lprev; Lprev:=[$1..n]; for k from 1 do if k=1 or k=2 then Lnext:= map(w-> Lprev[w],remove(z -> z mod Lprev[2] = 0,[$1..nops(Lprev)])); if nops(Lnext)=nops(Lprev) then break fi; Lprev:=Lnext; else Lnext:= map(w-> Lprev[w],remove(z -> z mod Lprev[k] = 0,[$1..nops(Lprev)])); if nops(Lnext)=nops(Lprev) then break fi; Lprev:=Lnext; fi; od; return Lnext; end: # Walter Kehowski, Jun 05 2008; typo fixed by Robert Israel, Nov 19 2014
    # Alternative
    A000959List := proc(mx) local i, L, n, r;
    L:= [seq(2*i+1, i=0..mx)]:
    for n from 2 while n < nops(L) do
      r:= L[n];
      L:= subsop(seq(r*i=NULL, i=1..nops(L)/r), L);
    od: L end:
    A000959List(10^3); # Robert Israel, Nov 19 2014
  • Mathematica
    luckies = 2*Range@200 - 1; f[n_] := Block[{k = luckies[[n]]}, luckies = Delete[luckies, Table[{k}, {k, k, Length@luckies, k}]]]; Do[f@n, {n, 2, 30}]; luckies (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 09 2006 *)
    sieveMax = 10^6; luckies = Range[1, sieveMax, 2]; sieve[n_] := Module[{k = luckies[[n]]}, luckies = Delete[luckies, Table[{i}, {i, k, Length[luckies], k}]]]; n = 1; While[luckies[[n]] < Length[luckies], n++; sieve[n]]; luckies
    L = Table[2*i + 1, {i, 0, 10^3}]; For[n = 2, n < Length[L], r = L[[n++]]; L = ReplacePart[L, Table[r*i -> Nothing, {i, 1, Length[L]/r}]]]; L (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2016, after Robert Israel *)
  • PARI
    A000959_upto(nMax)={my(v=vectorsmall(nMax\2,k,2*k-1),i=1,q);while(v[i++]<=#v,v=vecextract(v,2^#v-1-(q=1<M. F. Hasler, Sep 22 2013, improved Jan 20 2020
    
  • Python
    def lucky(n):
        L = list(range(1, n + 1, 2))
        j = 1
        while j <= len(L) - 1 and L[j] <= len(L):
            del L[L[j]-1::L[j]]
            j += 1
        return L
    # Robert FERREOL, Nov 19 2014, corrected by F. Chapoton, Mar 29 2020, performance improved by Ely Golden, Aug 18 2022
    
  • Scheme
    (define (A000959 n) ((rowfun_n_for_A000959sieve n) n)) ;; Code for rowfun_n_for_A000959sieve given in A255543.
    ;; Antti Karttunen, Feb 26 2015

Formula

Start with the natural numbers. Delete every 2nd number, leaving 1 3 5 7 ...; the 2nd number remaining is 3, so delete every 3rd number, leaving 1 3 7 9 13 15 ...; now delete every 7th number, leaving 1 3 7 9 13 ...; now delete every 9th number; etc.
a(n) = A254967(n-1, n-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 11 2015
a(n) = A258207(n,n). [Where A258207 is a square array constructed from the numbers remaining after each step described above.] - Antti Karttunen, Aug 06 2015
A145649(a(n)) = 1; complement of A050505. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 15 2008
Other identities from Antti Karttunen, Feb 26 2015: (Start)
For all n >= 1, A109497(a(n)) = n.
For all n >= 1, a(n) = A000040(n) + A032600(n).
For all n >= 2, a(n) = A255553(A000040(n)). (End)

A050505 Unlucky numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Asher Auel, Dec 16 1999

Keywords

Comments

A145649(a(n)) = 0; complement of A000959. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 15 2008

Crossrefs

Cf. A000959.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    L = Table[2 i + 1, {i, 0, 50}]; For[n = 2, n < Length[L], r = L[[n++]]; L = ReplacePart[L, Table[r i -> Nothing, {i, 1, Length[L]/r}]]]; Complement[Range@ Max@ L, L] (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 25 2017, after Jean-François Alcover at A000959 *)

Formula

Numbers deleted in creating the lucky numbers, numbers not in A000959.

A031157 Numbers that are both lucky and prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 7, 13, 31, 37, 43, 67, 73, 79, 127, 151, 163, 193, 211, 223, 241, 283, 307, 331, 349, 367, 409, 421, 433, 463, 487, 541, 577, 601, 613, 619, 631, 643, 673, 727, 739, 769, 787, 823, 883, 937, 991, 997, 1009, 1021, 1039, 1087, 1093, 1117, 1123
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

A010051(a(n))*A145649(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 19 2008
Conjecture: This sequence is infinite. - Ahmad J. Masad, Feb 17 2020
Conjecture: If this sequence is infinite, then there exists a minimum sufficiently large integer k, such that for all a(n) > k, there exists a positive integer x and there exists m>n such that x(x-1) < a(n) < x^2 and x^2 < a(m) < x(x+1). This conjecture is similar to Oppermann's conjecture. - Ahmad J. Masad, Jun 23 2020

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    luckies = Range[1, 1248, 2]; i = 2; While[ i <= (len = Length@luckies) && (k = luckies[[i]]) <= len, luckies = Drop[luckies, {k, len, k}]; i++ ]; Select[luckies, PrimeQ@# &] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 12 2006 *)

A260438 Row index to A255545: If n is k-th Lucky number then a(n) = k, otherwise a(n) = number of the stage where n is removed in Lucky sieve.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 7, 1, 2, 1, 8, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 9, 1, 10, 1, 2, 1, 11, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 12, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 13, 1, 14, 1, 2, 1, 6, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 15, 1, 2, 1, 16, 1, 17, 1, 2, 1, 18, 1, 19, 1, 2, 1, 20, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 7, 1, 21, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 22, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 23, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 24, 1, 2, 1, 8, 1, 25, 1, 2, 1, 26, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jul 29 2015

Keywords

Comments

For n >= 2 this works also as a row index to array A255551 (which does not contain 1) and when restricted to unlucky numbers, A050505, also as a row index to array A255543.

Crossrefs

Cf. also A260429, A260439 (corresponding column indices).
Cf. A055396, A260738 for row indices to other arrays similar to A255545.

Programs

  • Scheme
    (define (A260438 n) (cond ((not (zero? (A145649 n))) (A109497 n)) ((even? n) 1) (else (let searchrow ((row 2)) (let searchcol ((col 1)) (cond ((>= (A255543bi row col) n) (if (= (A255543bi row col) n) row (searchrow (+ 1 row)))) (else (searchcol (+ 1 col))))))))) ;; Code for A255543bi given in A255543.

Formula

Other identities. For all n >= 1:
a(A000959(n)) = n.
a(A219178(n)) = n.
a(2n) = 1. [All even numbers are removed at the stage one of the sieve.]
a(A016969(n)) = 2.
a(A258016(n)) = 3.
a(A260440(n)) = 4.
A255545(a(n), A260429(n)) = n.
For all n >= 2, A255551(a(n), A260439(n)) = n.

A257725 Permutation of natural numbers: a(0) = 0, a(lucky(n)) = 1 + 2*a(n-1), a(unlucky(n)) = 2*a(n), where lucky(n) = n-th lucky number A000959, unlucky(n) = n-th unlucky number A050505.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 5, 12, 7, 16, 10, 24, 9, 14, 13, 32, 20, 48, 18, 28, 17, 26, 64, 40, 11, 96, 36, 56, 34, 52, 25, 128, 15, 80, 22, 192, 33, 72, 112, 68, 104, 50, 21, 256, 30, 160, 44, 384, 49, 66, 19, 144, 224, 136, 208, 100, 42, 512, 60, 320, 88, 768, 29, 98, 132, 38, 27, 288, 65, 448, 272, 416, 41, 200, 97, 84, 1024, 120, 37
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 06 2015

Keywords

Comments

In other words, after a(0) = 0, if n is the k-th lucky number [i.e., n = A000959(k)], a(n) = 1 + 2*a(k-1); otherwise, when n is the k-th unlucky number [i.e., n = A050505(k)], a(n) = 2*a(k).
Because all lucky numbers are odd, it means that odd numbers occur in odd positions only (together with some even numbers, for each one of which there is a separate infinite cycle), while the even positions contain only even numbers.

Crossrefs

Inverse: A257726.
Related or similar permutations: A237427, A246377, A257732, A257734.
Cf. also A257690 (another similar permutation, but with a slightly different definition, resulting the first differing term at n=13, where a(13) = 9, while A257690(13) = 11).
Cf. also A257735 - A257738.

Formula

a(0) = 0; for n >= 1: if A145649(n) = 1 [i.e., if n is lucky], then a(n) = 1+(2*a(A109497(n)-1)), otherwise a(n) = 2*a(n-A109497(n)). [Where A109497(n) gives the number of lucky numbers <= n.]
As a composition of other permutations. For all n >= 1:
a(n) = A246377(A257732(n)).
a(n) = A237427(A257734(n)).

Extensions

Formula in name corrected by Antti Karttunen, Jan 10 2016

A260439 Column index to A255551: a(1) = 0; for n > 1: if n is Lucky number then a(n) = 1, otherwise for a(2k) = k, and for odd unlucky numbers, a(n) = 1 + the position at the stage where n is removed in the Lucky sieve.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 1, 7, 1, 8, 4, 9, 2, 10, 1, 11, 5, 12, 1, 13, 2, 14, 6, 15, 1, 16, 1, 17, 7, 18, 1, 19, 3, 20, 8, 21, 1, 22, 2, 23, 9, 24, 1, 25, 1, 26, 10, 27, 2, 28, 3, 29, 11, 30, 4, 31, 1, 32, 12, 33, 1, 34, 1, 35, 13, 36, 1, 37, 1, 38, 14, 39, 1, 40, 5, 41, 15, 42, 2, 43, 1, 44, 16, 45, 4, 46, 1, 47, 17, 48, 3, 49, 1, 50, 18, 51, 6, 52, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jul 29 2015

Keywords

Comments

a(1) = 0, because 1 is outside of A255551 array proper.

Crossrefs

Cf. also A260438 (corresponding row index).
Cf. A078898, A246277, A260429, A260437, A260739 for column indices to other arrays similar to A255551.

Programs

  • Scheme
    (define (A260439 n) (cond ((= 1 n) 0) ((not (zero? (A145649 n))) 1) ((even? n) (/ n 2)) (else (let searchrow ((row 2)) (let searchcol ((col 1)) (cond ((>= (A255543bi row col) n) (if (= (A255543bi row col) n) (+ 1 col) (searchrow (+ 1 row)))) (else (searchcol (+ 1 col))))))))) ;; Code for A255543bi given in A255543.

Formula

Other identities. For all n >= 1:
a(2n) = n.
Also, for all n >= 2:
A255551(A260438(n), a(n)) = n.
a(A219178(n)) = 2.

A109497 Number of lucky numbers <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Shawn M. Moore (sartak(AT)gmail.com), Jun 30 2005

Keywords

Examples

			a(9)=4 because there are 4 lucky numbers less than or equal to 9 (1, 3, 7, 9)
		

References

  • R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, C3.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000959.
Partial sums of A145649.

A257732 Permutation of natural numbers: a(1) = 1, a(lucky(n)) = prime(a(n-1)), a(unlucky(n)) = composite(a(n)), where lucky(n) = n-th lucky number A000959, unlucky(n) = n-th unlucky number A050505, and prime = A000040, composite = A002808.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 2, 9, 6, 16, 7, 12, 3, 26, 14, 21, 23, 8, 13, 39, 24, 33, 35, 15, 53, 22, 56, 36, 17, 49, 51, 25, 75, 34, 37, 78, 5, 52, 27, 69, 101, 72, 38, 102, 50, 54, 43, 106, 10, 74, 40, 94, 73, 134, 83, 98, 55, 135, 70, 76, 62, 141, 18, 100, 57, 125, 19, 99, 175, 114, 41, 130, 167, 77, 176, 95, 89, 104, 137, 86, 184, 28, 149, 133, 80, 164, 30
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 06 2015

Keywords

Comments

In other words, a(1) = 1 and for n > 1, if n is the k-th lucky number larger than 1 [i.e., n = A000959(k+1)] then a(n) = nthprime(a(k)), otherwise, when n is the k-th unlucky number [i.e., n = A050505(k)], then a(n) = nthcomposite(a(k)).

Crossrefs

Inverse: A257731.
Related or similar permutations: A246378, A255422, A257725, A257734.
Cf. also A032600, A255553, A255554.

Formula

a(1) = 1; for n > 1: if A145649(n) = 1 [i.e., if n is lucky], then a(n) = A000040(a(A109497(n)-1)), otherwise a(n) = A002808(a(n-A109497(n))).
As a composition of other permutations:
a(n) = A246378(A257725(n)).
a(n) = A255422(A257734(n)).

A257690 Permutation of natural numbers: a(1) = 1, a(lucky(n)) = (2*a(n))-1, a(unlucky(n)) = 2*n, where lucky(n) = n-th lucky number A000959, unlucky(n) = n-th unlucky number A050505.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 5, 12, 7, 16, 10, 24, 11, 14, 15, 32, 20, 48, 22, 28, 9, 30, 64, 40, 23, 96, 44, 56, 18, 60, 13, 128, 31, 80, 46, 192, 19, 88, 112, 36, 120, 26, 47, 256, 62, 160, 92, 384, 21, 38, 27, 176, 224, 72, 240, 52, 94, 512, 124, 320, 184, 768, 29, 42, 76, 54, 63, 352, 39, 448, 144, 480, 95, 104, 43, 188, 1024, 248, 55
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 09 2015

Keywords

Crossrefs

Inverse permutation: A183089.
Cf. also A257725 (similar permutation with a slightly different definition, resulting the first differing term at n=13, where a(13) = 11, while A257725(13) = 9).
Cf. also A257735 - A257738.

Formula

a(1) = 1; for n > 1: if A145649(n) = 1 [i.e., if n is lucky], then a(n) = (2*a(A109497(n)))-1, otherwise a(n) = 2*a(n-A109497(n)). [Where A109497(n) gives the number of lucky numbers <= n.]

A260429 Column index to A255545: if n is Lucky number, then a(n) = 1, otherwise a(n) = 1 + the position at the stage where n is removed in the Lucky sieve.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7, 1, 8, 1, 9, 4, 10, 2, 11, 1, 12, 5, 13, 1, 14, 2, 15, 6, 16, 1, 17, 1, 18, 7, 19, 1, 20, 3, 21, 8, 22, 1, 23, 2, 24, 9, 25, 1, 26, 1, 27, 10, 28, 2, 29, 3, 30, 11, 31, 4, 32, 1, 33, 12, 34, 1, 35, 1, 36, 13, 37, 1, 38, 1, 39, 14, 40, 1, 41, 5, 42, 15, 43, 2, 44, 1, 45, 16, 46, 4, 47, 1, 48, 17, 49, 3, 50, 1, 51, 18, 52, 6, 53, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jul 29 2015

Keywords

Crossrefs

One more than A260437.
Cf. also A260438 (corresponding row index).
Cf. A078898, A246277, A260439, A260739 for column indices to other arrays similar to A255545.

Programs

  • Scheme
    (define (A260429 n) (cond ((not (zero? (A145649 n))) 1) ((even? n) (+ 1 (/ n 2))) (else (let searchrow ((row 2)) (let searchcol ((col 1)) (cond ((>= (A255543bi row col) n) (if (= (A255543bi row col) n) (+ 1 col) (searchrow (+ 1 row)))) (else (searchcol (+ 1 col))))))))) ;; Code for A255543bi given in A255543.

Formula

Other identities. For all n >= 1:
a(n) = 1 + A260437(n).
Iff A145649(n) = 1, then a(n) = 1.
a(2n) = n+1. [Even numbers are removed at the stage one of the sieve, after 1 which is also removed in the beginning.]
a(A219178(n)) = 2.
A255545(A260438(n), a(n)) = n.
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