A078703 Number of ways of subtracting twice a triangular number from a perfect square to obtain the integer n.
1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 6, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1
Offset: 1
Examples
SDT(34) = 4 since we have 34 or 11+12+11 or 6+7+8+7+6 or 2+3+4+5+6+5+4+3+2, Also 4*34 - 1 = 135 = (3^3)*(5^1) so that r1=3 and r2=1 (p1=3 and p2=5), resulting in SDT(34) = (3+1)*(1+1)/2 = 4. a(4) = 2 since 4 = 2^2 - 2*0 = 4^2 - 2*6. Also A034178(4*4 - 1) = 2 since 15 = 4^2 - 1^2 = 8^2 - 7^2. - _Michael Somos_, May 11 2011 G.f. = x + x^2 + x^3 + 2*x^4 + x^5 + x^6 + 2*x^7 + x^8 + 2*x^9 + 2*x^10 + x^11 + ... Number of divisors of numbers 3 (mod 4) (see the Jovovic Jan 05 2004 comment): a(16) = 3 from the 2*3 = 6 divisors [1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 63] of 63 = A004767(15), being 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1 (mod 4). - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 29 2016
Links
- Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
- T. Verhoeff, Rectangular and Trapezoidal Arrangements, J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 2 (1999), Article 99.1.6.
Programs
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Mathematica
(* This defines SDT(n): *) SDT[n_] := Length[Cases[Range[1, n], j_ /; Cases[Range[1, j], k_ /; Plus @@ Join[Range[k, j], Range[j - 1, k, -1]] == n] != {}]] The restricted factorization technique for obtaining SDT(n) is encoded as follows: SDT[n_] := (Times @@ Cases[FactorInteger[4 n - 1], {p_, r_} -> r + 1])/2 Rest[ CoefficientList[ Series[ Sum[x^k/(1 - x^(4k - 1)), {k, 111}], {x, 0, 110}], x]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 20 2005 *) a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, With[{m = 4 n - 1}, Sum[1 - Sign@Mod[m - k^2, 2 k], {k, Sqrt@m}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 01 2016 *) a[n_] := DivisorSigma[0, 4*n - 1]/2; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Dec 26 2022 *)
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PARI
{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, n = 4*n-1; sum(k=1, sqrtint(n), 0 == (n - k^2) % (2*k)))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 01 2016 */
Formula
a(n) = ((r1 + 1)*(r2 + 1)*...*(rk + 1))/2, where ((p1^r1)*(p2^r2)*...*(pk^rk)) is the factorization of 4*n - 1 into (odd) primes.
G.f.: Sum_{n>0} x^n/(1-x^(4*n-1)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 05 2004
a(n) = A034178(4*n - 1). - Michael Somos, May 11 2011
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} x^(3*n-2)/(1 - x^(4*n-3)). - Peter Bala, Jan 08 2021
From Amiram Eldar, Dec 26 2022: (Start)
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) = (log(n) + 2*gamma - 1 + 4*log(2))*n/4 + O(n^(1/3)*log(n)), where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620). (End)
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} x^(n^2)/(1-x^(2*n-1)) (conjecture). - Joerg Arndt, Jan 04 2024
Comments