A006129 -id:A006129 - cp's OEIS frontend

A369193 Number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices and at most as many edges as covered (non-isolated) vertices.

1, 1, 2, 8, 57, 608, 8614, 151365, 3162353, 76359554, 2088663444, 63760182536, 2147325661180, 79051734050283, 3157246719905273, 135938652662043977, 6275929675565965599, 309242148569525451140, 16197470691388774460758, 898619766673014862321176, 52639402023471657682257626

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 17 2024

nonn

			The a(0) = 1 through a(3) = 8 graphs:
  {}  {}  {}       {}
          {{1,2}}  {{1,2}}
                   {{1,3}}
                   {{2,3}}
                   {{1,2},{1,3}}
                   {{1,2},{2,3}}
                   {{1,3},{2,3}}
                   {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}

The case of equality is A367862, covering case of A116508, also A367863.
The covering case is A369191, for loop-graphs A369194.
The version counting all vertices is A369192.
The version for loop-graphs is A369196, counting all vertices A066383.
A006125 counts simple graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A054548 counts graphs covering n vertices with k edges, with loops A369199.
A133686 counts choosable graphs, covering A367869.
A367867 counts non-choosable graphs, covering A367868.
Cf. A000169, A000272, A000666, A001187, A006649, A053530, A129271, A143543, A322661, A367916.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]], Length[#]<=Length[Union@@#]&]],{n,0,5}]

Binomial transform of A369191.

A321729 Number of integer partitions of n whose Young diagram can be partitioned into vertical sections of the same sizes as the parts of the original partition.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 22, 28, 40, 51

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Nov 18 2018

First differs from A046682 at a(11) = 28, A046682(11) = 29.
A vertical section is a partial Young diagram with at most one square in each row. For example, a suitable partition (shown as a coloring by positive integers) of the Young diagram of (322) is:
  1 2 3
  1 2
  2 3
Conjecture: a(n) is the number of half-loop-graphical partitions of n. An integer partition is half-loop-graphical if it comprises the multiset of vertex-degrees of some graph with half-loops, where a half-loop is an edge with one vertex, to be distinguished from a full loop, which has two equal vertices.

			The a(1) = 1 through a(8) = 12 partitions whose Young diagram cannot be partitioned into vertical sections of the same sizes as the parts of the original partition are the same as the half-loop-graphical partitions up to n = 8:
  (1)  (11)  (21)   (22)    (221)    (222)     (322)      (332)
             (111)  (211)   (311)    (321)     (2221)     (2222)
                    (1111)  (2111)   (2211)    (3211)     (3221)
                            (11111)  (3111)    (4111)     (3311)
                                     (21111)   (22111)    (4211)
                                     (111111)  (31111)    (22211)
                                               (211111)   (32111)
                                               (1111111)  (41111)
                                                          (221111)
                                                          (311111)
                                                          (2111111)
                                                          (11111111)
For example, the half-loop-graphs
  {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
both have degrees y = (3,2,2), so y is counted under a(7).

The complement is counted by A321728.
Cf. A000110, A000258, A000700, A000701, A006052, A007016, A008277, A046682, A319056, A319616, A321730, A321737, A321738.
The following pertain to the conjecture.
Half-loop-graphical partitions by length are A029889 or A339843 (covering).
The version for full loops is A339656.
A027187 counts partitions of even length, ranked by A028260.
A058696 counts partitions of even numbers, ranked by A300061.
A320663/A339888 count unlabeled multiset partitions into singletons/pairs.
A322661 counts labeled covering half-loop-graphs, ranked by A340018/A340019.
A339659 is a triangle counting graphical partitions by length.
Cf. A006129, A025065, A062740, A095268, A096373, A167171, A320461, A338915, A339842, A339844, A339845.

spsu[,{}]:={{}};spsu[foo,set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]&/@spsu[Select[foo,Complement[#,Complement[set,s]]=={}&],Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[foo,{i,_}];
ptnpos[y_]:=Position[Table[1,{#}]&/@y,1];
ptnverts[y_]:=Select[Join@@Table[Subsets[ptnpos[y],{k}],{k,Reverse[Union[y]]}],UnsameQ@@First/@#&];
Table[Length[Select[IntegerPartitions[n],Length[Select[spsu[ptnverts[#],ptnpos[#]],Function[p,Sort[Length/@p]==Sort[#]]]]>0&]],{n,8}]

a(n) is the number of integer partitions y of n such that the coefficient of m(y) in e(y) is nonzero, where m is monomial symmetric functions and e is elementary symmetric functions.

a(n) = A000041(n) - A321728(n).

A327073 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 12, 200, 7680, 506856, 58934848, 12205506096, 4595039095680, 3210660115278000, 4240401342141499392, 10743530775519296581944, 52808688280248604235191296, 507730995579614277599205009240, 9603347831901155679455061048606720, 358743609478638769812094362544644831968

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

nonn

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Connected graphs with no bridges are counted by A095983 (2-edge-connected graphs).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 12 graphs with exactly one bridge.

Column k = 1 of A327072.
The unlabeled version is A327074.
Connected graphs with no bridges are A007146.
Connected graphs whose bridges are all leaves are A322395.
Connected graphs with at least one bridge are A327071.
Cf. A001187, A006129, A052446, A095983, A327069, A327077, A327108, A327111, A327145, A327146.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[csm[#]]==1&&Count[Table[Length[Union@@Delete[#,i]]1,{i,Length[#]}],True]==1&]],{n,0,5}]

\\ See A095983.
seq(n)={my(p=x*deriv(log(sum(k=0, n-1, 2^binomial(k, 2) * x^k / k!) + O(x^n)))); Vec(serlaplace(log(x/serreverse(x*exp(p)))^2/2), -(n+1)) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 28 2020

E.g.f.: (x + Sum_{k>=2} A095983(k)*x^k/(k-1)!)^2/2. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 25 2019

Terms a(6) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 25 2019

A327149 Irregular triangle read by rows with trailing zeros removed where T(n,k) is the number of simple labeled graphs covering n vertices with non-spanning edge-connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 12, 15, 10, 1, 40, 180, 297, 180, 60, 10, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (along with any non-covered vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

			Triangle begins:
   1
   {}
   0   1
   0   0   3   1
   3  12  15  10   1
  40 180 297 180  60  10   1

Row sums are A006129.
Column k = 0 is A327070.
Column k = 1 is A327079.
The corresponding triangle for vertex-connectivity is A327126.
The corresponding triangle for spanning edge-connectivity is A327069.
The non-covering version is A327148.
The unlabeled version is A327201.
Cf. A001187, A263296, A322338, A322395, A326787, A327097, A327099, A327102, A327125, A327129, A327144.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
eConn[sys_]:=If[Length[csm[sys]]!=1,0,Length[sys]-Max@@Length/@Select[Union[Subsets[sys]],Length[csm[#]]!=1&]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&eConn[#]==k&]],{n,0,4},{k,0,Binomial[n,2]}]//.{foe___,0}:>{foe}

A327148(n,k) = Sum_{m = 0..n} binomial(n,m) T(m,k). In words, column k is the inverse binomial transform of column k of A327148.

A339845 Number of distinct sorted degree sequences among all n-vertex loop-graphs without isolated vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 10, 35, 111, 392, 1364, 4925, 17845, 65654, 242966, 906417

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 27 2020

In the covering case, these degree sequences, sorted in decreasing order, are the same thing as loop-graphical partitions (A339656). An integer partition is loop-graphical if it comprises the multiset of vertex-degrees of some graph with loops, where a loop is an edge with two equal vertices.
The following are equivalent characteristics for any positive integer n:
(1) the prime indices of n can be partitioned into distinct pairs, i.e. into a set of loops and edges;
(2) n can be factored into distinct semiprimes;
(3) the prime signature of n is loop-graphical.

			The a(0) = 1 through a(3) = 10 sorted degree sequences:
  ()  (2)  (1,1)  (1,1,2)
           (1,3)  (1,1,4)
           (2,2)  (1,2,3)
           (3,3)  (1,3,4)
                  (2,2,2)
                  (2,2,4)
                  (2,3,3)
                  (2,4,4)
                  (3,3,4)
                  (4,4,4)
For example, the loop-graphs
  {{1,1},{2,2},{3,3},{1,2}}
  {{1,1},{2,2},{3,3},{1,3}}
  {{1,1},{2,2},{3,3},{2,3}}
  {{1,1},{2,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1,1},{3,3},{1,2},{2,3}}
  {{2,2},{3,3},{1,2},{1,3}}
all have degrees y = (3,3,2), so y is counted under a(3).

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Degree Sequence.
Gus Wiseman, Counting and ranking factorizations, factorability, and vertex-degree partitions for groupings into pairs.

See link for additional cross references.
The version without loops is A004251, with covering case A095268.
The half-loop version is A029889, with covering case A339843.
Loop-graphs are counted by A322661 and ranked by A320461 and A340020.
Counting the same partitions by sum gives A339656.
These partitions are ranked by A339658.
The non-covering case (zeros allowed) is A339844.
A007717 counts unlabeled multiset partitions into pairs.
A027187 counts partitions of even length, ranked by A028260.
A058696 counts partitions of even numbers, ranked by A300061.
A101048 counts partitions into semiprimes.
A339655 counts non-loop-graphical partitions of 2n.
A339659 counts graphical partitions of 2n into k parts.
Cf. A001358, A006125, A006129, A062740, A338898, A339841.

Table[Length[Union[Sort[Table[Count[Join@@#,i],{i,n}]]&/@Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}]/.{x_Integer}:>{x,x}],Union@@#==Range[n]&]]],{n,0,5}]

a(n) = A339844(n) - A339844(n-1) for n > 0. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

a(7)-a(12) from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

A369144 Number of labeled simple graphs with n edges covering n vertices such that it is not possible to choose a different vertex from each edge (non-choosable).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 90, 4935, 200970, 7636860, 291089610, 11459170800, 471932476290, 20447369179380, 933942958593645, 44981469288560805, 2282792616992648670, 121924195590795244920, 6843305987751060036720, 403003907531795513467260, 24861219342100679072572470

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2024

nonn

			The term a(6) = 90 counts all permutations of the (non-connected) graph {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{5,6}}.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

The covering complement is counted by A137916.
Without the choice condition we have A367863, covering case of A116508.
Allowing any number of edges gives A367868, covering case of A367867.
With loops we have A368730, covering case of A368596, unlabeled A368835.
This is the covering case of A369143.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A006125 counts simple graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, connected A062740.
Cf. A000085, A057500, A129271, A133686, A333331, A367869, A367901, A367903, A367907, A368600.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}], {n}],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]]==0&]],{n,0,6}]

a(n) = A367863(n) - A137916(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

a(8) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A369147 Number of unlabeled loop-graphs covering n vertices such that it is not possible to choose a different vertex from each edge (non-choosable).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 7, 52, 411, 4440, 73886, 2128608, 111533208, 10812478194, 1945437194308, 650378721118910, 404749938336301313, 470163239887698682289, 1022592854829028310302180, 4177826139658552046624979658, 32163829440870460348768017832607, 468021728889827507080865185809438918

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 23 2024

nonn

			The a(0) = 0 through a(3) = 7 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  .  .  {{1},{2},{1,2}}  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2}}
                         {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{1},{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Gus Wiseman, The a(3) = 7 unlabeled non-choosable loop-graphs.

Without the choice condition we have A322700, labeled A322661.
The complement for exactly n edges is A368984, labeled A333331 (maybe).
The labeled complement is A369140, covering case of A368927.
The labeled version is A369142, covering case of A369141.
This is the covering case of A369146.
The complement is counted by A369200, covering case of A369145.
Without loops we have A369202, covering case of A140637.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A000666 counts unlabeled loop-graphs, labeled A006125 (shifted left).
A002494 counts unlabeled covering graphs, labeled A006129.
A007716 counts non-isomorphic multiset partitions, connected A007718.
Cf. A000088, A000612, A005703, A055621, A062740, A134964, A137917, A140638, A367868, A368835, A369199.

brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{(Union@@m)[[i]],p[[i]]}, {i,Length[p]}])],{p,Permutations[Range[Length[Union@@m]]]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute /@ Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}]], Union@@#==Range[n] && Length[Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]]==0&]]],{n,0,4}]

First differences of A369146.

a(n) = A322700(n) - A369200(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

a(6) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A323816 Number of set-systems covering n vertices with no singletons.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 12, 1993, 67098768, 144115187673233113, 1329227995784915871895000745158568460, 226156424291633194186662080095093570015284114833799899660370362545578585265

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 30 2019

nonn

			The a(3) = 12 set-systems:
  {{1,2,3}}
  {{1,2}, {1,3}}
  {{1,2}, {2,3}}
  {{1,3}, {2,3}}
  {{1,2}, {1,2,3}}
  {{1,3}, {1,2,3}}
  {{2,3}, {1,2,3}}
  {{1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}}
  {{1,2}, {1,3}, {1,2,3}}
  {{1,2}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}}
  {{1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}}
  {{1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}}

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11

Cf. A000295, A000371, A000612, A003465 (with singletons), A006129 (covers by pairs), A016031, A055154, A055621, A305001, A317795 (unlabeled case), A323817 (connected case).

[(&+[(-1)^(n-j)*Binomial(n,j)*2^(2^j -j-1): j in [0..n]]): n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 05 2022

a:= n-> add(2^(2^(n-j)-n+j-1)*binomial(n, j)*(-1)^j, j=0..n):
seq(a(n), n=0..8);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 30 2019

Table[Sum[(-1)^(n-k)*Binomial[n,k]*2^(2^k-k-1),{k,0,n}],{n,0,8}]

def A323816(n): return sum((-1)^j*binomial(n,j)*2^(2^(n-j) -n+j-1) for j in range(n+1))
[A323816(n) for n in range(12)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 05 2022

Inverse binomial transform of A016031 shifted once to the left.

A324462 Number of simple graphs covering n vertices with distinct rotations.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 3, 28, 765, 26958, 1887277, 252458904, 66376420155, 34508978662350, 35645504882731557, 73356937843604425644, 301275024444053951967585, 2471655539736990372520379226, 40527712706903544100966076156895, 1328579255614092949957261201822704816

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Feb 28 2019

nonn

A simple graph with n vertices has distinct rotations if all n rotations of its vertex set act on the edge set to give distinct graphs. It is covering if there are no isolated vertices. These are different from aperiodic graphs and acyclic graphs but are similar to aperiodic sequences (A000740) and aperiodic arrays (A323867).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 28 graph covers with distinct rotations.
Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 28 graph covers with distinct rotations, radial embedding.

Cf. A000088, A000740, A002494, A006125, A006129, A027375, A192332, A323863, A323864, A323867, A323869, A324461 (non-covering case), A324463, A324464.

rotgra[g_,m_]:=Sort[Sort/@(g/.k_Integer:>If[k==m,1,k+1])];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],And[Union@@#==Range[n],UnsameQ@@Table[Nest[rotgra[#,n]&,#,j],{j,n}]]&]],{n,0,5}]

a(n)={if(n<1, n==0, sumdiv(n, d, moebius(n/d)*sum(k=0, d, (-1)^(d-k)*binomial(d,k)*2^(k*(k-1)*n/(2*d) + k*(n/d\2)))))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 19 2019

a(n) = Sum{d|n} mu(n/d) * Sum_{k=0..d} (-1)^(d-k)*binomial(d,k)*2^( k*(k-1)*n/(2*d) + k*(floor(n/(2*d))) ) for n > 0. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 19 2019

Terms a(7) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 19 2019

A327200 Number of labeled graphs with n vertices and non-spanning edge-connectivity >= 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 4, 42, 718, 26262, 1878422, 256204460, 67525498676, 34969833809892, 35954978661632864, 73737437034063350534, 302166248212488958298674, 2475711390267267917290354410, 40563960064630744031043287569378, 1329219366981359393514586291328267704

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Sep 01 2019

nonn

The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed to obtain a graph whose edge-set is disconnected or empty.

Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 42 graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity >= 2.

Row sums of A327148 if the first two columns are removed.
BII-numbers of set-systems with non-spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327102.
Graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327231.
Cf. A001187, A006129, A095983, A182100, A322395, A326787, A327076, A327079, A327097, A327099, A327236.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]],{2}],Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
eConn[sys_]:=If[Length[csm[sys]]!=1,0,Length[sys]-Max@@Length/@Select[Union[Subsets[sys]],Length[csm[#]]!=1&]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],eConn[#]>=2&]],{n,0,5}]

Binomial transform of A322395, if we assume A322395(0) = A322395(1) = A322395(2) = 0.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A369193 Number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices and at most as many edges as covered (non-isolated) vertices.

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A321729 Number of integer partitions of n whose Young diagram can be partitioned into vertical sections of the same sizes as the parts of the original partition.

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A327073 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and exactly one bridge.

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A327149 Irregular triangle read by rows with trailing zeros removed where T(n,k) is the number of simple labeled graphs covering n vertices with non-spanning edge-connectivity k.

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A339845 Number of distinct sorted degree sequences among all n-vertex loop-graphs without isolated vertices.

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A369144 Number of labeled simple graphs with n edges covering n vertices such that it is not possible to choose a different vertex from each edge (non-choosable).

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A369147 Number of unlabeled loop-graphs covering n vertices such that it is not possible to choose a different vertex from each edge (non-choosable).

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A323816 Number of set-systems covering n vertices with no singletons.

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