A323816 -id:A323816 - cp's OEIS frontend

A323818 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices.

1, 1, 4, 96, 31840, 2147156736, 9223372011084915712, 170141183460469231602560095199828453376, 57896044618658097711785492504343953923912733397452774312021795134847892828160

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 30 2019

nonn

Unlike the nearly identical sequence A092918, this sequence does not count under a(1) the a single-vertex hypergraph with no edges.

			The a(2) = 4 set-systems:
  {{1, 2}}
  {{1}, {1,2}}
  {{2}, {1,2}}
  {{1}, {2}, {1,2}}

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11

Cf. A001187, A003465 (not necessarily connected), A016031, A048143, A092918, A293510, A317672, A323816, A323817 (no singletons), A323819 (unlabeled case).

m:=12;
f:= func< x | 1-x + Log( (&+[2^(2^n-1)*x^n/Factorial(n): n in [0..m+2]]) ) >;
R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), m);
Coefficients(R!(Laplace( f(x) ))); // G. C. Greubel, Oct 04 2022

b:= n-> add(binomial(n, k)*2^(2^(n-k)-1)*(-1)^k, k=0..n):
a:= proc(n) option remember; b(n)-`if`(n=0, 0, add(
       k*binomial(n, k)*b(n-k)*a(k), k=1..n-1)/n)
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..8);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 30 2019

nn=8;
ser=Sum[2^(2^n-1)*x^n/n!,{n,0,nn}];
Table[SeriesCoefficient[1-x+Log[ser],{x,0,n}]*n!,{n,0,nn}]

m=12;
def f(x): return 1-x + log(sum(2^(2^n-1)*x^n/factorial(n) for n in range(m+2)))
def A_list(prec):
    P. = PowerSeriesRing(QQ, prec)
    return P( f(x) ).egf_to_ogf().list()
A_list(m) # G. C. Greubel, Oct 04 2022

E.g.f.: 1 - x + log(Sum_{n >= 0} 2^(2^n-1) * x^n/n!).

Logarithmic transform of A003465.

A016031 De Bruijn's sequence: 2^(2^(n-1) - n): number of ways of arranging 2^n bits in circle so all 2^n consecutive strings of length n are distinct.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 16, 2048, 67108864, 144115188075855872, 1329227995784915872903807060280344576, 226156424291633194186662080095093570025917938800079226639565593765455331328

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

Sequence corresponds also to the largest number that may be determined by asking no more than 2^(n-1) - 1 questions("Yes"-or-"No" answerable) with lying allowed at most once. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 15 2002
Number of Ouroborean rings for binary n-tuplets. - Lekraj Beedassy, May 06 2004
Also the number of games of Nim that are wins for the second player when the starting position is either the empty heap or heaps of sizes 1 <= t_1 < t_2 < ... < t_k < 2^(n-1) (if n is 1, the only starting position is the empty heap). E.g.: a(4) = 16: the winning positions for the second player when all the heap sizes are different and less than 2^3: (4,5,6,7), (3,5,6), (3,4,7), (2,5,7), (2,4,6), (2,3,6,7), (2,3,4,5), (1,6,7), (1,4,5), (1,3,5,7), (1,3,4,6), (1,2,5,6), (1,2,4,7), (1,2,3), (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) and the empty heap. - Kennan Shelton (kennan.shelton(AT)gmail.com), Apr 14 2006
a(n + 1) = 2^(2^n-n-1) = 2^A000295(n) is also the number of set-systems on n vertices with no singletons. The case with singletons is A058891. The unlabeled case is A317794. The spanning/covering case is A323816. The antichain case is A006126. The connected case is A323817. The uniform case is A306021(n) - 1. The graphical case is A006125. The chain case is A005840. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 01 2019
Named after the Dutch mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn (1918-2012). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 20 2021

Jonathan L. Gross and Jay Yellen, eds., Handbook of Graph Theory, CRC Press, 2004, p. 255.
Frank Harary and Edgar M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, 1973, p. 31.
D. J. Newman, "A variation of the Game of Twenty Question", in: Murray S. Klamkin (ed.), Problems in Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA: SIAM, 1990, Problem 66-20, pp. 121-122.
Richard P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Cor. 5.6.15.
Ian Stewart, Game, Set and Math, pp. 50, Penguin 1991.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..12
CombOS - Combinatorial Object Server, Generate de Bruijn sequences.
Robert Erra, Nik Lygeros and Nigel Stewart, On Minimal Strings Containing the Elements of S(n) by Decimation, Proceedings AA (DM-CCG), 2001, Section 5.4.
Loïc Foissy, Hopf algebraic structures on hypergraphs and multi-complexes, arXiv:2304.00810 [math.CO], 2023.
Francisco J. Muñoz and Juan Carlos Nuño, Rule-based Generation of de Bruijn Sequences: Memory and Learning, arXiv:2507.09764 [cs.FL], 2025. See p. 9.
Wikipedia, De Bruijn sequence.

Cf. A000295, A003465, A006125, A058891 (set systems), A317794 (unlabeled case), A323816 (spanning case), A323817 (connected case), A331691 (alternating signs).

[2^(2^(n-1)-n): n in [1..10]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 09 2017

Table[2^(2^(n - 1) - n), {n, 20}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 09 2017 *)

a(n) = 2^A000295(n-1). - Lekraj Beedassy, Jan 17 2007

Shifting once to the left gives the binomial transform of A323816. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 01 2019

A367769 Number of finite sets of nonempty non-singleton subsets of {1..n} contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 1490, 67027582, 144115188036455750, 1329227995784915872903806998967001298, 226156424291633194186662080095093570025917938800079226639565284090686126876

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2023

The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.

Includes all set-systems with more edges than covered vertices, but this condition is not sufficient.

			The a(3) = 1 set-system is: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}.

Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.

Set-systems without singletons are counted by A016031, covering A323816.
The complement is A367770, with singletons allowed A367902 (ranks A367906).
The version for simple graphs is A367867, covering A367868.
The version allowing singletons and empty edges is A367901.
The version allowing singletons is A367903, ranks A367907.
A000372 counts antichains, covering A006126, nonempty A014466.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems.
A323818 counts covering connected set-systems.
Cf. A007716, A092918, A102896, A283877, A306445, A326031, A355739, A355740, A355741, A367904, A367905.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Select[Subsets[Range[n]], Length[#]>1&]], Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]], {n,0,3}]

a(n) = 2^(2^n-n-1) - A367770(n) = A016031(n+1) - A367770(n). - Christian Sievers, Jul 28 2024

a(6)-a(8) from Christian Sievers, Jul 28 2024

A367770 Number of sets of nonempty non-singleton subsets of {1..n} satisfying a strict version of the axiom of choice.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 15, 558, 81282, 39400122, 61313343278, 309674769204452

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2023

The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.

Excludes all set-systems with more edges than covered vertices, but this condition is not sufficient.

			The a(3) = 15 set-systems:
  {}
  {{1,2}}
  {{1,3}}
  {{2,3}}
  {{1,2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3}}
  {{1,2},{2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,2,3}}
  {{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1,2},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}

Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.

Set-systems without singletons are counted by A016031, covering A323816.
The version for simple graphs is A133686, covering A367869.
The complement is counted by A367769.
The complement allowing singletons and empty sets is A367901.
Allowing singletons gives A367902, ranks A367906.
The complement allowing singletons is A367903, ranks A367907.
These set-systems have ranks A367906 /\ A326781.
A000372 counts antichains, covering A006126, nonempty A014466.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
A323818 counts covering connected set-systems, unlabeled A323819.
Cf. A059201, A083323, A092918, A102896, A283877, A305000, A306445, A355739, A355740, A367904, A367905.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Select[Subsets[Range[n]], Length[#]>1&]], Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]!={}&]],{n,0,3}]

a(6)-a(8) from Christian Sievers, Jul 28 2024

A054780 Number of n-covers of a labeled n-set.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 32, 1225, 155106, 63602770, 85538516963, 386246934638991, 6001601072676524540, 327951891446717800997416, 64149416776011080449232990868, 45546527789182522411309599498741023, 118653450898277491435912500458608964207578

Offset: 0

Vladeta Jovovic, May 21 2000

Also, number of n X n rational {0,1}-matrices with no zero rows or columns and with all rows distinct, up to permutation of rows.

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Dec 19 2023: (Start)
Number of ways to choose n nonempty sets with union {1..n}. For example, the a(3) = 32 covers are:
  {1}{2}{3}  {1}{2}{13}  {1}{2}{123}  {1}{12}{123}  {12}{13}{123}
             {1}{2}{23}  {1}{3}{123}  {1}{13}{123}  {12}{23}{123}
             {1}{3}{12}  {1}{12}{13}  {1}{23}{123}  {13}{23}{123}
             {1}{3}{23}  {1}{12}{23}  {2}{12}{123}
             {2}{3}{12}  {1}{13}{23}  {2}{13}{123}
             {2}{3}{13}  {2}{3}{123}  {2}{23}{123}
                         {2}{12}{13}  {3}{12}{123}
                         {2}{12}{23}  {3}{13}{123}
                         {2}{13}{23}  {3}{23}{123}
                         {3}{12}{13}  {12}{13}{23}
                         {3}{12}{23}
                         {3}{13}{23}
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

Main diagonal of A055154.
Cf. A048291, A088310, A181230, A259763.
Covers with any number of edges are counted by A003465, unlabeled A055621.
Connected graphs of this type are counted by A057500, unlabeled A001429.
This is the covering case of A136556.
The case of graphs is A367863, covering case of A116508, unlabeled A006649.
Binomial transform is A367916.
These set-systems have ranks A367917.
The unlabeled version is A368186.
A006129 counts covering graphs, connected A001187, unlabeled A002494.
A046165 counts minimal covers, ranks A309326.
Cf. A006126, A058891, A059201, A133686, A323816, A323817, A323818, A326754, A367862, A367901.

Join[{1}, Table[Sum[StirlingS1[n+1, k+1]*(2^k - 1)^n, {k, 0, n}]/n!, {n, 1, 15}]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 04 2022 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Rest[Subsets[Range[n]]],{n}],Union@@#==Range[n]&]],{n,0,4}] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 19 2023 *)

a(n) = sum(k=0, n, (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*binomial(2^(n-k)-1, n)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 20 2024

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*binomial(2^(n-k)-1, n).
a(n) = (1/n!)*Sum_{k=0..n} Stirling1(n+1, k+1)*(2^k-1)^n.
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0} log(1+(2^n-1)*x)^n/((1+(2^n-1)*x)*n!). - Paul D. Hanna and Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 16 2008
a(n) ~ 2^(n^2) / n!. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 04 2022
Inverse binomial transform of A367916. - Gus Wiseman, Dec 19 2023

A323817 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices with no singletons.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 12, 1990, 67098648, 144115187673201808, 1329227995784915871895000743748659792, 226156424291633194186662080095093570015284114833799899656335137245499581360

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 30 2019

nonn

			The a(3) = 12 set-systems:
  {{1, 2, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {1, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {2, 3}}
  {{1, 3}, {2, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}}
  {{1, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
  {{2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
  {{1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
  {{1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3},{1, 2, 3}}
The A323816(4) - a(4) = 3 disconnected set-systems covering n vertices with no singletons:
  {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}
  {{1, 3}, {2, 4}}
  {{1, 4}, {2, 3}}

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11

Cf. A001187, A016031, A048143, A092918, A293510, A317795, A323816 (not necessarily connected), A323818 (with singletons), A323819, A323820 (unlabeled case).

m:=10;
A323816:= func< n | (&+[(-1)^(n-j)*Binomial(n,j)*2^(2^j -j-1): j in [0..n]]) >;
f:= func< x | 1 + Log((&+[A323816(j)*x^j/Factorial(j): j in [0..m+2]])) >;
R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), m+1);
Coefficients(R!(Laplace( f(x) ))); // G. C. Greubel, Oct 05 2022

b:= n-> add(2^(2^(n-j)-n+j-1)*binomial(n, j)*(-1)^j, j=0..n):
a:= proc(n) option remember; b(n)-`if`(n=0, 0, add(
       k*binomial(n, k)*b(n-k)*a(k), k=1..n-1)/n)
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..8);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 30 2019

nn=10;
ser=Sum[Sum[(-1)^(n-k)*Binomial[n,k]*2^(2^k-k-1),{k,0,n}]*x^n/n!,{n,0,nn}];
Table[SeriesCoefficient[1+Log[ser],{x,0,n}]*n!,{n,0,nn}]

m=10
def A323816(n): return sum((-1)^j*binomial(n,j)*2^(2^(n-j) -n+j-1) for j in range(n+1))
def A323817_list(prec):
    P. = PowerSeriesRing(QQ, prec)
    return P( 1 + log(sum(A323816(j)*x^j/factorial(j) for j in range(m+2))) ).egf_to_ogf().list()
A323817_list(m) # G. C. Greubel, Oct 05 2022

Logarithmic transform of A323816.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A323818 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

SageMath

Formula

A016031 De Bruijn's sequence: 2^(2^(n-1) - n): number of ways of arranging 2^n bits in circle so all 2^n consecutive strings of length n are distinct.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Mathematica

Formula

A367769 Number of finite sets of nonempty non-singleton subsets of {1..n} contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Formula

Extensions

A367770 Number of sets of nonempty non-singleton subsets of {1..n} satisfying a strict version of the axiom of choice.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Extensions

A054780 Number of n-covers of a labeled n-set.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

A323817 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices with no singletons.

Views

Author

Keywords

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

SageMath

Formula