A079458 -id:A079458 - cp's OEIS frontend

A318608 Moebius function mu(n) defined for the Gaussian integers.

1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0

Offset: 1

Jianing Song, Aug 30 2018

Just like the original Moebius function over the integers, a(n) = 0 if n has a squared Gaussian prime factor, otherwise (-1)^t if n is a product of a Gaussian unit and t distinct Gaussian prime factors.
a(n) = 0 for even n since 2 = -i*(1 + i)^2 contains a squared factor. For rational primes p == 1 (mod 4), p is always factored as (x + y*i)(x - y*i), x + y*i and x - y*i are not associated so a(p) = (-1)*(-1) = 1.
Interestingly, a(n) and A091069(n) have the same absolute value (= |A087003(n)|), since the discriminants of the quadratic fields Q[i] and Q[sqrt(2)] are -4 and 8 respectively, resulting in Q[i] and Q[sqrt(2)] being two of the three quadratic fields with discriminant a power of 2 or negated (the other one being Q[sqrt(-2)] with discriminant -8).

			a(15) = -1 because 15 is factored as 3*(2 + i)*(2 - i) with three distinct Gaussian prime factors.
a(21) = (-1)*(-1) = 1 because 21 = 3*7 where 3 and 7 are congruent to 3 mod 4 (thus being Gaussian primes).

Jianing Song, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Wikipedia, Gaussian integer

Absolute values are the same as those of A087003.
First row and column of A103226.
Cf. A101455.
Equivalent of arithmetic functions in the ring of Gaussian integers (the corresponding functions in the ring of integers are in the parentheses): A062327 ("d", A000005), A317797 ("sigma", A000203), A079458 ("phi", A000010), A227334 ("psi", A002322), A086275 ("omega", A001221), A078458 ("Omega", A001222), this sequence ("mu", A008683).
Equivalent in the ring of Eisenstein integers: A319448.
Cf. A091069 (Moebius function over Z[sqrt(2)]).

f[p_, e_] := If[p == 2 || e > 1, 0, Switch[Mod[p, 4], 1, 1, 3, -1]]; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Feb 10 2020 *)

a(n)=
{
    my(r=1, f=factor(n));
    for(j=1, #f[, 1], my(p=f[j, 1], e=f[j, 2]);
        if(p==2||e>=2, r=0);
        if(Mod(p,4)==3&e==1, r*=-1);
    );
    return(r);
}

a(n) = 0 if n even or has a square prime factor, otherwise Product_{p divides n} (2 - (p mod 4)) where the product is taken over the primes.
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 0 if p = 2 or e > 1, a(p) = 1 if p == 1 (mod 4) and -1 if p == 3 (mod 4).
a(n) = 0 if A078458(n) != A086275(n), otherwise (-1)^A086275(n).
a(n) = A103226(n,0) = A103226(0,n).
For squarefree n, a(n) = Kronecker symbol (-4, n) = A101455(n). Also for these n, a(n) = A091069(n) if n even or n == 1 (mod 8), otherwise -A091069(n).

A239442 a(n) = phi(n^7).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 64, 1458, 8192, 62500, 93312, 705894, 1048576, 3188646, 4000000, 17715610, 11943936, 57921708, 45177216, 91125000, 134217728, 386201104, 204073344, 846825858, 512000000, 1029193452, 1133799040, 3256789558, 1528823808, 4882812500, 3706989312, 6973568802, 5782683648, 16655052988

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Mar 19 2014

Number of solutions of the equation gcd(x_1^2 + ... + x_7^2, n)=1 with 0 < x_i <= n.

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
C. Calderón, J. M. Grau, A. Oller-Marcén, and László Tóth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler totient function, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Defining Phi_k(n):= number of solutions of the equation gcd(x_1^2 + ... + x_k^2, n) = 1 with 0 < x_i <= n.
Phi_1(n) = phi(n) = A000010.
Phi_2(n) = A079458.
Phi_3(n) = phi(n^3) = n^2*phi(n)= A053191.
Phi_4(n) = A227499.
Phi_5(n) = phi(n^5) = n^4*phi(n)= A238533.
Phi_6(n) = A238534.
Phi_7(n) = phi(n^7) = n^6*phi(n)= A239442.
Phi_8(n) = A239441.
Phi_9(n) = phi(n^9) = n^8*phi(n)= A239443.

with(numtheory); A239442:=n->phi(n^7); seq(A239442(n), n=1..100); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Apr 01 2014

Mathematica
```
Table[EulerPhi[n^7], {n, 100}]
```

a(n) = n^6*eulerphi(n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 10 2018

a(n) = n^6*phi(n).
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s - 7) / zeta(s - 6). The n-th term of the Dirichlet inverse is n^6 * A023900(n) = (-1)^omega(n) * a(n) / A003557(n), where omega=A001221. - Álvar Ibeas, Nov 24 2017
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ 3*n^8 / (4*Pi^2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 02 2019
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Product_{p prime} (1 + p/(p^8 - p^7 - p + 1)) = 1.01646280485545934937... - Amiram Eldar, Dec 06 2020

A239443 a(n) = phi(n^9), where phi = A000010.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 256, 13122, 131072, 1562500, 3359232, 34588806, 67108864, 258280326, 400000000, 2143588810, 1719926784, 9788768652, 8854734336, 20503125000, 34359738368, 111612119056, 66119763456, 305704134738, 204800000000, 453874312332, 548758735360, 1722841676182, 880602513408, 3051757812500

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Mar 22 2014

Number of solutions of the equation GCD(x_1^2 + ... + x_9^2,n)=1 with 0 < x_i <= n.

In general, for m>0, Sum_{k=1..n} phi(k^m) ~ 6 * n^(m+1) / ((m+1)*Pi^2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 02 2019

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
C. Calderón, J. M. Grau, A. Oller-Marcén, and László Tóth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler totient function, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Defining Phi_k(n):= number of solutions of the equation GCD(x_1^2 + ... + x_k^2,n)=1 with 0 < x_i <= n.
Phi_1(n) = phi(n) = A000010(n).
Phi_2(n) = A079458(n).
Phi_3(n) = phi(n^3) = n^2*phi(n)= A053191(n).
Phi_4(n) = A227499(n).
Phi_5(n) = phi(n^5) = n^4*phi(n)= A238533(n).
Phi_6(n) = A238534(n).
Phi_7(n) = phi(n^7) = n^6*phi(n)= A239442(n).
Phi_8(n) = A239441(n).
Phi_9(n) = phi(n^9) = n^8*phi(n)= A239443(n).

with(numtheory); A239443:=n->phi(n^9); seq(A239443(n), n=1..100); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Apr 01 2014

Mathematica
```
Table[EulerPhi[n^9], {n, 100}]
```

a(n) = n^8*eulerphi(n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 10 2018

Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s - 9) / zeta(s - 8). The n-th term of the Dirichlet inverse is n^8 * A023900(n) = (-1)^omega(n) * a(n) / A003557(n), where omega = A001221. - Álvar Ibeas, Nov 24 2017
a(n) = n^8 * phi(n). - Altug Alkan, Mar 10 2018
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ 3*n^10 / (5*Pi^2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 02 2019
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Product_{p prime} (1 + p/(p^10 - p^9 - p + 1)) = 1.00399107654133714629... - Amiram Eldar, Dec 06 2020

A239441 Number of invertible octonions over Z/nZ.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 128, 4320, 32768, 312000, 552960, 4939200, 8388608, 28343520, 39936000, 194858400, 141557760, 752955840, 632217600, 1347840000, 2147483648, 6565340160, 3627970560, 16089567840, 10223616000, 21337344000, 24941875200, 74905892160, 36238786560, 121875000000, 96378347520

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Mar 18 2014

Number of octonions over Z/nZ with invertible norm; i.e., number of solutions of the equation gcd(x_1^2 + ... + x_8^2, n)=1 with 0 < x_i <= n.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Catalina Calderón, Jose Maria Grau, A. Oller-Marcén, and László Tóth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler's totient function, Publicationes Mathematicae-Debrecen, Vol. 87 (1-2) (2015), pp. 133-145; arXiv preprint, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Sequences giving the number of solutions to the equation gcd(x_1^2+...+x_k^2, n) = 1 with 0 < x_i <= n: A000010 (k=1), A079458 (k=2), A053191 (k=3), A227499 (k=4), A238533 (k=5), A238534 (k=6), A239442 (k=7), A239441 (k=8), A239443 (k=9).

fa=FactorInteger;lon[n_]:=Length[fa[n]];Phi[k_, n_] := Which[Mod[k, 2] == 1, n^(k - 1)*EulerPhi[n], Mod[k, 4] ==0, n^(k - 1)*EulerPhi[n]*Product[1 - 1/fa[2n][[i, 1]]^(k/2), {i, 2, lon[2 n]}],True, n^(k - 1)*EulerPhi[n]*Product[Which[ Mod[fa[ n][[i, 1]], 4] == 3 , 1 + 1/fa[ n][[i, 1]]^(k/2), Mod[fa[ n][[i, 1]], 4] == 1, 1 - 1/fa[ n][[i, 1]]^(k/2), True, 1], {i, 1, lon[ n]}]]; Table[Phi[8,n],{n,1,100}]
f[p_, e_] := (p-1)*p^(8*e-1) * If[p == 2, 1, 1 - 1/p^4]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 30] (* Amiram Eldar, Feb 13 2024 *)

a(n)={my(p=lift(Mod(sum(i=0, n-1, x^(i^2%n)), x^n-1)^8)); sum(i=0, n-1, if(gcd(i,n)==1, polcoeff(p,i)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 06 2018

a(n)={my(f=factor(n)); prod(i=1, #f~, my([p,e]=f[i,]); if(p==2, 2^(8*e-1), (p - 1)*p^(8*e - 5)*(p^4 - 1)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 06 2018

Multiplicative with a(2^e) = 2^(8*e-1), a(p^e) = (p - 1)*p^(8*e - 5)*(p^4 - 1) for odd prime p. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 06 2018
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^9, where c = (16/141) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 1/p^2 - 1/p^5 + 1/p^6) = 0.06731687367... . - Amiram Eldar, Nov 30 2022
From Amiram Eldar, Feb 13 2024: (Start)
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-8) * (1 - 1/2^(s-7)) * Product_{p prime > 2} (1 - 1/p^(s-7) - (p-1)/p^(s-3)).
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = (257*Pi^14/1312151400) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 1/p^2 - 1/p^4 + 1/p^6 + 1/p^9 + 1/p^10 + 1/p^12 - 1/p^14) = 1.00807991170717322545... . (End)

A239611 a(n) = Sum_{0 < x,y <= n and gcd(x^2 + y^2, n)=1} gcd(x^2 + y^2 - 1, n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 16, 32, 32, 64, 96, 192, 216, 128, 240, 512, 288, 384, 512, 1024, 512, 864, 720, 1024, 1536, 960, 1056, 3072, 1200, 1152, 2592, 3072, 1568, 2048, 1920, 5120, 3840, 2048, 3072, 6912, 2592, 2880, 4608, 6144, 3200, 6144, 3696, 7680, 6912, 4224, 4416

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Jun 24 2014

Related to Menon's identity. See Conclusions and further work section of the arXiv file linked.

Multiplicative by the Chinese remainder theorem since gcd(x, m*n) = gcd(x, m)*gcd(x, n) for gcd(m, n) = 1. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..2101
C. Calderón, J. M. Grau, A. Oller-Marcen, L. Toth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler totient function, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Cf. A239612, A239613, A239614, A239615, A079458, A053191, A227499, A244342.

g2[n_] := Sum[If[GCD[x^2 + y^2, n] == 1, GCD[x^2 + y^2 - 1, n], 0], {x, 1, n}, {y, 1, n}]; Array[g2,100]

a(n) = {s = 0; for (x=1, n, for (y=1, n, if (gcd(x^2+y^2,n) == 1, s += gcd(x^2+y^2-1,n)););); s;} \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 29 2014

A239612 a(n) = Sum_{0 < x,y,z <= n and gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2, n)=1} gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 1, n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 30, 112, 220, 240, 546, 1280, 1134, 1760, 2310, 3360, 4212, 4368, 6600, 13312, 9520, 9072, 12654, 24640, 16380, 18480, 22770, 38400, 42500, 33696, 39366, 61152, 47908, 52800, 56730, 131072, 69300, 76160, 120120, 127008, 99900, 101232, 126360, 281600

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Jun 25 2014

Related to Menon's identity. See Conclusions and further work section of the arXiv file linked.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
C. Calderón, J. M. Grau, A. Oller-Marcen, L. Toth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler totient function, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Cf. A239611, A239613, A239614, A239615, A079458, A053191, A227499.

g3[n_] := Sum[If[GCD[x^2 + y^2 + z^2, n] == 1, GCD[x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 1, n], 0],{x, 1, n},{y, 1, n},{z,1,n}]; Array[g3,100]

a(n) = {s = 0; for (x=1, n, for (y=1, n, for (z=1, n, if (gcd(x^2+y^2+z^2,n) == 1, s += gcd(x^2+y^2+z^2-1,n));););); s;} \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 29 2014

a(n)={my(p=lift(Mod(sum(i=0, n-1, x^(i^2%n)), x^n-1)^3)); sum(i=0, n-1, if(gcd(i,n)==1, polcoeff(p,i)*gcd((i-1)%n,n)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

Keyword:mult added by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

A239613 a(n) = Sum_{0 < x,y,z,t <= n and gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + t^2, n)=1} gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + t^2 - 1, n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 16, 96, 384, 960, 1536, 4032, 8192, 11664, 15360, 26400, 36864, 52416, 64512, 92160, 163840, 156672, 186624, 246240, 368640, 387072, 422400, 534336, 786432, 900000, 838656, 1259712, 1548288, 1364160, 1474560, 1785600, 3145728

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Jun 25 2014

Related to Menon's identity. See Conclusions and further work section of the arXiv file linked.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
C. Calderón, J. M. Grau, A. Oller-Marcen, L. Toth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler totient function, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Cf. A239611, A239612, A239614, A239615, A079458, A053191, A227499.

g4[n_] := Sum[If[GCD[x^2 + y^2+ z^2+ t^2, n] == 1, GCD[x^2 + y^2+ z^2+ t^2 - 1, n], 0], {x, 1, n}, {y, 1, n},{z,1,n},{t,1,n}]; Array[g4,100]

a(n) = {s = 0; for (x=1, n, for (y=1, n, for (z=1, n, for (t=1, n, if (gcd(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2,n) == 1, s += gcd(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2-1,n)););););); s;} \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 29 2014

a(n)={my(p=lift(Mod(sum(i=0, n-1, x^(i^2%n)), x^n-1)^4)); sum(i=0, n-1, if(gcd(i,n)==1, polcoeff(p,i)*gcd((i-1)%n,n)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

Keyword:mult added by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

A239615 a(n) = n * A239612(n) / A053191(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 5, 14, 11, 20, 13, 40, 21, 44, 21, 70, 27, 52, 55, 104, 35, 84, 37, 154, 65, 84, 45, 200, 85, 108, 81, 182, 59, 220, 61, 256, 105, 140, 143, 294, 75, 148, 135, 440, 83, 260, 85, 294, 231, 180, 93, 520, 133, 340, 175, 378, 107, 324, 231, 520, 185, 236

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Jun 25 2014

Related to Menon's identity. See Conclusions and further work section of the arXiv file linked.

Multiplicative because both A239612 and A053191 are. - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
C. Calderón, J. M. Grau, A. Oller-Marcen, L. Toth, Counting invertible sums of squares modulo n and a new generalization of Euler totient function, arXiv:1403.7878 [math.NT], 2014.

Cf. A239611, A239612, A239613, A239614, A079458, A053191, A227499.

a[n_] := Sum[Boole[GCD[x^2 + y^2 + z^2, n] == 1] GCD[x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 1, n], {x, 1, n}, {y, 1, n}, {z, 1, n}]/(n EulerPhi[n]);
Array[a, 60] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 22 2018 *)

a(n)={my(p=lift(Mod(sum(i=0, n-1, x^(i^2%n)), x^n-1)^3)); sum(i=0, n-1, if(gcd(i,n)==1, polcoeff(p,i)*gcd((i-1)%n,n)))/(n * eulerphi(n))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 07 2018

A316506 a(n) is the rank of the multiplicative group of Gaussian integers modulo n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 2, 3

Offset: 1

Jianing Song, Jul 05 2018

nonn

The rank of a finitely generated group rank(G) is defined to be the size of the minimal generating sets of G.
Let p be an odd prime and (Z[i]/nZ[i])* be the multiplicative group of Gaussian integers modulo n, then: (Z[i]/p^e*Z[i])* = (C_((p-1)*p^(e-1)))^2 if p == 1 (mod 4); C_(p^(e-1)) X C_(p^(e-1)*(p^2-1)) if p == 3 (mod 4). (Z[i]/2Z[i])* = C_2, (Z[i]/2^e*Z[i])* = C_4 X C_(2^(e-2)) X C_(2^(e-1)) for e >= 2. If n = Product_{i=1..k} (p_i)^(e_i), then (Z[i]/nZ[i])* = (Z[i]/(p_1)^(e_1)*Z[i])* X (Z[i]/(p_2)^(e_2)*Z[i])* X ... X (Z[i]/(p_k)^(e_k)*Z[i])*.
The order of (Z[i]/nZ[i])* is A079458(n) and the exponent of it is A227334(n).
{a(n)} is not additive: (Z[i]/2Z[i])* = C_2, (Z[i]/9Z[i])* = C_3 X C_24, so (Z[i]/18Z[i])* = C_6 X C_24, a(18) < a(2) + a(9). The same problem occurs for a(36), a(54) and a(72) and so on. But note that (Z[i]/63Z[i])* = C_3 X C_24 X C_48 and a(63) = a(7) + a(9).
A079458(n)/A227334(n) is always an integer, and is 1 if and only if (Z[i]/nZ[i])* is cyclic, that is, rank((Z[i]/nZ[i])*) = a(n) = 0 or 1, and n has a primitive root in (Z[i]/nZ[i])*. a(n) = 1 if and only if n = 2 or a prime congruent to 3 mod 4. - Jianing Song, Jan 08 2019
From Jianing Song, Oct 03 2022: (Start)
More generally, let pi be a prime element of Z[i] of norm p or p^2 for prime p, then:
- for p == 1 (mod 4), (Z[i]/(pi^e)Z[i])* = C_((p-1)*p^(e-1));
- for p == 3 (mod 4), (Z[i]/(pi^e)Z[i])* = C_(p^(e-1)) X C_(p^(e-1)*(p^2-1));
- for p = 2, (Z[i]/(pi^e)Z[i])* = C_1 for e = 1, C_2 for e = 2, C_4 X C_(2^floor((e-3)/2)) X C_(2^ceiling((e-3)/2)) for e >= 3.
For a more general result see my link below. (End)

			(Z[i]/1Z[i])* = C_1 (has rank 0);
(Z[i]/2Z[i])* = C_2 (has rank 1);
(Z[i]/3Z[i])* = C_8 (has rank 1);
(Z[i]/4Z[i])* = C_2 X C_4 (has rank 2);
(Z[i]/5Z[i])* = C_4 X C_4 (has rank 2);
(Z[i]/6Z[i])* = C_2 X C_8 (has rank 2);
(Z[i]/7Z[i])* = C_48 (has rank 1);
(Z[i]/8Z[i])* = C_2 X C_4 X C_4 (has rank 3);
(Z[i]/9Z[i])* = C_3 X C_24 (has rank 2);
(Z[i]/10Z[i])* = C_2 X C_4 X C_4 (has rank 3).

Jianing Song, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Jianing Song, Structure of (R/P^e)* for R the ring of integers of a quadratic field and P a prime ideal of R

Cf. A046072, A079458, A227334, A302254.

Equivalent in the ring of Eisenstein integers: A319447.

rad(n) = factorback(factorint(n)[, 1]);
grad(n)=
{
    my(r=1, f=factor(n));
    for(j=1, #f[, 1], my(p=f[j, 1], e=f[j, 2]);
        if(p==2&e==1, r*=2);
        if(p==2&e==2, r*=4);
        if(p==2&e>=3, r*=8);
        if(p%4==1, r*=(rad(p-1))^2);
        if(p%4==3&e==1, r*=rad(p^2-1));
        if(p%4==3&e>=2, r*=p^2*rad(p^2-1));
    );
    return(r);
}
a(n)=if(n>1, vecmax(factor(grad(n))[, 2]), 0);

Let p be an odd prime, then: a(p^e) = 2 if p == 1 (mod 4) or p == 3 (mod 4), e >= 2; a(p) = 1 if p == 3 (mod 4). a(2) = 1, a(4) = 2, a(2^e) = 3 for e >= 3.

A082953 a(n) = A000252(n) / A070732(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 8, 36, 32, 36, 32, 100, 32, 144, 72, 64, 128, 256, 72, 324, 128, 144, 200, 484, 128, 400, 288, 324, 288, 784, 128, 900, 512, 400, 512, 576, 288, 1296, 648, 576, 512, 1600, 288, 1764, 800, 576, 968, 2116

Offset: 1

Yuval Dekel (dekelyuval(AT)hotmail.com), May 26 2003

From Jianing Song, Apr 20 2019: (Start)
a(n) is the number of split complex numbers z = x + yj in a reduced system modulo n where x, y are integers, j^2 = 1; number of solutions to gcd(x^2 - y^2, n)=1 with x, y in [0, n-1].
a(n) is the number of invertible elements in the ring Z_n[x]/(x^2 - 1) with discriminant d = 4, where Z_n is the ring of integers modulo n. (End)

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A000252, A065464, A070732.
Cf. A000010, A062570, A040001.
Similar sequences: A127473 (size of (Z_n[x]/(x^2 - x))*, d = 1), A002618 ((Z_n[x]/(x^2))*, d = 0), A079458 ((Z_n[x]/(x^2 + 1))*, d = -4), A319445 ((Z_n[x]/(x^2 - x + 1))* or (Z_n[x]/(x^2 + x + 1))*, d = -3).

A082953 := proc(n) numtheory[phi](n)*numtheory[phi](2*n) ; end proc:
seq(A082953(n),n=1..100) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jan 07 2011

Array[Times @@ Map[EulerPhi, {#, 2 #}] &, 47] (* Michael De Vlieger, Apr 21 2019 *)

a(n) = eulerphi(n)*eulerphi(2*n); \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 04 2025

a(n) = phi(n)*phi(2*n) = A000010(n)*A062570(n). - Vladeta Jovovic, May 02 2005
Multiplicative with a(2^e) = 2^(2e-1) and a(p^e) = (p-1)^2*p^(2e-2) for p > 2. - R. J. Mathar, Apr 14 2011
a(n) = phi(n)^2 if n odd; 2*phi(n)^2 if n even, where phi(n) = A000010(n). - Jianing Song, Apr 20 2019
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^3, where c = (2/5) * Product_{p prime} (1 - (2*p-1)/p^3) = (2/5) * A065464 =  0.171299... . - Amiram Eldar, Oct 30 2022
a(n) = gcd(n,2)*phi(n)^2 = A040001(n)*A127473(n). - Ridouane Oudra, Jun 04 2025

cp's OEIS Frontend

A318608 Moebius function mu(n) defined for the Gaussian integers.

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A239442 a(n) = phi(n^7).

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A239443 a(n) = phi(n^9), where phi = A000010.

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A239441 Number of invertible octonions over Z/nZ.

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A239611 a(n) = Sum_{0 < x,y <= n and gcd(x^2 + y^2, n)=1} gcd(x^2 + y^2 - 1, n).

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A239612 a(n) = Sum_{0 < x,y,z <= n and gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2, n)=1} gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 1, n).

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A239613 a(n) = Sum_{0 < x,y,z,t <= n and gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + t^2, n)=1} gcd(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + t^2 - 1, n).

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