A001089 -id:A001089 - cp's OEIS frontend

A003517 Number of permutations of [n+1] with exactly 1 increasing subsequence of length 3.

1, 6, 27, 110, 429, 1638, 6188, 23256, 87210, 326876, 1225785, 4601610, 17298645, 65132550, 245642760, 927983760, 3511574910, 13309856820, 50528160150, 192113383644, 731508653106, 2789279908316, 10649977831752, 40715807302800, 155851062397940, 597261490737912

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n-4) = number of n-th generation vertices in the tree of sequences with unit increase labeled by 5 (cf. Zoran Sunic reference). - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 07 2003
Number of standard tableaux of shape (n+3,n-2). - Emeric Deutsch, May 30 2004
a(n) = A214292(2*n,n-3) for n > 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2012
a(n) is the number of North-East paths from (0,0) to (n,n) that cross the diagonal y = x horizontally exactly once. By symmetry, it is also the number of North-East paths from (0,0) to (n,n) that cross the diagonal y = x vertically exactly once. Details can be found in Section 3.3 in Pan and Remmel's link. - Ran Pan, Feb 02 2016
a(n) is the number of permutations pi of [n+3] such that s(pi)=321456...(n+3), where s denotes West's stack-sorting map. - Colin Defant, Jan 14 2019
a(n) is also the number of permutations of [n+1] avoiding the pattern 321. For permutations avoiding any of the other permutations of [3] (that is, any of 132, 213, 231, or 312) see A002054. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 26 2022

			a(3)=6 because the only permutations of 1234 with exactly 1 increasing subsequence of length 3 are 1423, 4123, 1342, 2314, 2341, 3124.

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..1000
Anwar Al Ghabra, K. Gopala Krishna, Patrick Labelle, and Vasilisa Shramchenko, Enumeration of multi-rooted plane trees, arXiv:2301.09765 [math.CO], 2023.
Daniel Birmajer, Juan B. Gil, and Michael D. Weiner, Bounce statistics for rational lattice paths, arXiv:1707.09918 [math.CO], 2017, p. 9.
David Callan, A recursive bijective approach to counting permutations..., arXiv:math/0211380 [math.CO], 2002.
S. J. Cyvin, J. Brunvoll, E. Brendsdal, B. N. Cyvin, and E. K. Lloyd, Enumeration of polyene hydrocarbons: a complete mathematical solution, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., Vol. 35, No. 4 (1995), pp. 743-751.
S. J. Cyvin, J. Brunvoll, E. Brendsdal, B. N. Cyvin, and E. K. Lloyd, Enumeration of polyene hydrocarbons: a complete mathematical solution, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., Vol. 35, No. 4 (1995), pp. 743-751. [Annotated scanned copy]
Olivier Danvy, Summa Summarum: Moessner's Theorem without Dynamic Programming, arXiv:2412.03127 [cs.DM], 2024. See p. 31.
Hilmar Haukur Gudmundsson, Dyck paths, standard Young tableaux, and pattern avoiding permutations, PU. M. A., Vol. 21 , No. 2 (2010), pp. 265-284 (see 4.3 p. 277).
Richard K. Guy, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, May 1990.
Richard K. Guy, Catwalks, sandsteps and Pascal pyramids, J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 3 (2000), Article 00.1.6.
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., 7-page typed letter to N. J. A. Sloane with suggestions for new sequences, circa 1977.
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr. and M. Bicknell, Catalan and related sequences arising from inverses of Pascal's triangle matrices, Fib. Quart., 14 (1976), 395-405.
Markus Kuba and Alois Panholzer, Stirling permutations containing a single pattern of length three, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, Vol. 74, No. 2 (2019), pp. 216-239.
Nik Lygeros and Olivier Rozier, A new solution to the equation tau(rho) == 0 (mod p), J. Int. Seq., Vol. 13 (2010), Article 10.7.4.
John Noonan, The number of permutations containing exactly one increasing subsequence of length three, Discrete Math., Vol. 152, No. 1-3 (1996), pp. 307-313.
John Noonan and Doron Zeilberger, The Enumeration of Permutations With a Prescribed Number of "Forbidden" Patterns, arXiv:math/9808080 [math.CO], 1998.
Ran Pan and Jeffrey B. Remmel, Paired patterns in lattice paths, arXiv:1601.07988 [math.CO], 2016.
L. W. Shapiro, A Catalan triangle, Discrete Math., Vol. 14, No. 1 (1976), pp. 83-90.
L. W. Shapiro, A Catalan triangle, Discrete Math., Vol. 14, No. 1 (1976), pp. 83-90. [Annotated scanned copy]
Zoran Sunic, Self describing sequences and the Catalan family tree, Elect. J. Combin., Vol. 10 (2003), Article N5.

T(n, n+6) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., array T as in A047072.
See also A002054.
Cf. A001089, A084249, A000108, A000245, A002057, A000344, A000588, A003518, A003519, A001392, A001622, A214292.
First differences are in A026017.
A diagonal of any of the essentially equivalent arrays: A009766, A030237, A033184, A059365, A099039, A106566, A130020, A047072.

A003517List := proc(m) local A, P, n; A := [1]; P := [1,1,1,1,1];
for n from 1 to m - 2 do P := ListTools:-PartialSums([op(P), P[-1]]);
A := [op(A), P[-1]] od; A end: A003517List(25); # Peter Luschny, Mar 26 2022

f[x_] = (Sqrt[1 - 4 x] - 1)^6/(64 x^4); CoefficientList[Series[f[x], {x, 0, 25}], x][[3 ;; 26]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 13 2011, after g.f. *)
Table[6 Binomial[2n+1,n-2]/(n+4),{n,2,30}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 27 2012 *)

a(n)=6*binomial(2*n+1,n-2)/(n+4) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, May 18 2015

x='x+O('x^50); Vec(x^2*((1-(1-4*x)^(1/2))/(2*x))^6) \\ Altug Alkan, Nov 01 2015

a(n) = 6*binomial(2*n+1, n-2)/(n+4).
G.f.: x^2*C(x)^6, where C(x) is g.f. for the Catalan numbers (A000108). - Emeric Deutsch, May 30 2004
E.g.f.: exp(2*x)*(Bessel_I(2,2*x) - Bessel_I(4,2*x)). - Paul Barry, Jun 04 2007
Let A be the Toeplitz matrix of order n defined by: A[i,i-1]=-1, A[i,j]=Catalan(j-i), (i<=j), and A[i,j]=0, otherwise. Then, for n >= 5, a(n-3) = (-1)^(n-5)*coeff(charpoly(A,x),x^5). - Milan Janjic, Jul 08 2010
a(n) = Sum_{i>=1, j>=1, k>=1, i+j+k=n+1} Catalan(i)*Catalan(j)*Catalan(k). T. D. Noe, Dec 22 2010
D-finite with recurrence -(n+4)*(n-2)*a(n) + 2*n*(2*n+1)*a(n-1) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Dec 04 2012
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 02 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = 7/2 - 34*Pi/(27*sqrt(3)).
Sum_{n>=2} (-1)^n/a(n) = 828*log(phi)/(25*sqrt(5)) - 2819/450, where phi is the golden ratio (A001622). (End)
a(n) ~ 3*4^(n+1)/(n^(3/2)*sqrt(Pi)). - Stefano Spezia, Apr 17 2024
a(n) = A000108(n+3) - 4*A000108(n+2) + 3*A000108(n+1). - Taras Goy, Jul 15 2024
a(n) = 6*(2*n+1)!*(n-1)!/((2*n-4)!*(n+4)!)*A000108(n-2). - Taras Goy, Dec 21 2024

A138159 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations of [n] having k occurrences of the pattern 321 (n>=1, 0<=k<=n(n-1)(n-2)/6).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 5, 1, 14, 6, 3, 0, 1, 42, 27, 24, 7, 9, 6, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 132, 110, 133, 70, 74, 54, 37, 32, 24, 12, 16, 6, 6, 8, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 1, 429, 429, 635, 461, 507, 395, 387, 320, 260, 232, 191, 162, 104, 130, 100, 24, 74, 62, 18, 32, 10, 30, 13, 8, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Emeric Deutsch, Mar 27 2008

Row n has 1 + n(n-1)(n-2)/6 terms.
Sum of row n is n! (A000142).
T(n,0) = A000108(n) (the Catalan numbers).
T(n,1) = A003517(n-1).
T(n,2) = A001089(n).
Sum_{k>=0} k * T(n,k) = A001810(n).

			T(4,2) = 3 because we have 4312, 4231 and 3421.
Triangle starts:
    1;
    1;
    2;
    5,   1;
   14,   6,   3,  0,  1;
   42,  27,  24,  7,  9,  6,  0,  4,  0,  0,  1;
  132, 110, 133, 70, 74, 54, 37, 32, 24, 12, 16, 6, 6, 8, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 1;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..15, flattened
D. Callan, A recursive bijective approach to counting permutations containing 3-letter patterns, arXiv:math/0211380 [math.CO], 2002.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The number of occurrences of the pattern [1,2,3] inside a permutation of length at least 3
M. Fulmek, Enumeration of permutations containing a prescribed number of occurrences of a pattern of length three, Adv. Appl. Math., 30, 2003, 607-632. also Arxiv CO/0112092.
Toufik Mansour, Sherry H. F. Yan and Laura L. M. Yang, Counting occurrences of 231 in an involution, Discrete Mathematics 306 (2006), pages 564-572.
J. Noonan, The number of permutations containing exactly one increasing subsequence of length three, Discrete Math. 152 (1996), no. 1-3, 307-313.
J. Noonan and D. Zeilberger, The Enumeration of Permutations With a Prescribed Number of "Forbidden" Patterns, arXiv:math/9808080 [math.CO], 1998.
J. Noonan and D. Zeilberger, The enumeration of permutations with a prescribed number of "forbidden" patterns, Adv. Appl. Math., 17, 1996, 381-407.

Cf. A000108, A000142, A000292, A003517, A001089, A001810, A056986, A263771.

# The following Maple program yields row 9 of the triangle; change the value of n to obtain other rows.
n:=9: with(combinat): P:=permute(n): f:=proc(k) local L: L:=proc(j) local ct, i: ct:=0: for i to j-1 do if P[k][j] < P[k][i] then ct:=ct+1 else end if end do: ct end proc: add(L(j)*(L(j)+P[k][j]-j),j=1..n) end proc: a:=sort([seq(f(k),k=1..factorial(n))]): for h from 0 to (1/6)*n*(n-1)*(n-2) do c[h]:=0: for m to factorial(n) do if a[m]=h then c[h]:=c[h]+1 else end if end do end do: seq(c[h],h=0..(1/6)*n*(n-1)*(n-2));
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(s, c) option remember; (n-> `if`(n=0, x^c, add(b(s minus {j},
      (t-> (j-n+t)*t+c)(nops(select(x-> x>j, s)))), j=s)))(nops(s))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b({$1..n}, 0)):
seq(T(n), n=0..9);  # Alois P. Heinz, Dec 01 2021

ro[n_] := With[{}, P = Permutations[Range[n]]; f[k_] := With[{}, L[j_] := With[{}, ct = 0; Do[If[P[[k, j]] < P[[k, i]], ct = ct + 1], {i, 1, j - 1}]; ct]; Sum[L[j]*(L[j] + P[[k, j]] - j), {j, 1, n}]]; a = Sort[Table[f[k], {k, 1, n!}]]; Do[c[h] = 0; Do[If[a[[m]] == h, c[h] = c[h] + 1], {m, 1, n!}], {h, 0, (1/6)*n*(n - 1)*(n - 2)}]; Table[c[h], {h, 0, (1/6)*n*(n - 1)*(n - 2)}]]; Flatten[Table[ro[n], {n, 1, 7}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 01 2011, after Maple *)

The number of 321-patterns of a given permutation p of [n] is given by Sum(L[i]R[i],i=1..n), where L (R) is the left (right) inversion vector of p. L and R are related by R[i]+i=p[i]+L[i] (the given Maple program makes use of this approach). References contain formulas and generating functions for the first few columns (some are only conjectured).

A084249 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: permutations on 123...n with one abc pattern and no aj pattern with j<=k, n>2, k

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 2, 27, 12, 3, 110, 55, 19, 4, 429, 229, 91, 27, 5, 1638, 912, 393, 136, 36, 6, 6188, 3549, 1614, 612, 191, 46, 7, 23256, 13636, 6447, 2601, 897, 257, 57, 8, 87210, 52020, 25332, 10695, 3951, 1260, 335, 69, 9, 326876, 197676, 98532

Offset: 3

Ralf Stephan, May 21 2003

See A228708 for further information.

			Full triangle begins:
0
0,0
0,0,0
1,1,0,0
6,6,2,0,0
27,27,12,3,0,0
110,110,55,19,4,0,0
429,429,229,91,27,5,0,0
1638,1638,912,393,136,36,6,0,0
6188,6188,3549,1614,612,191,46,7,0,0
23256,23256,13636,6447,2601,897,257,57,8,0,0
...

J. Noonan and D. Zeilberger, [math/9808080] The Enumeration of Permutations With a Prescribed Number of ``Forbidden'' Patterns. Also Adv. in Appl. Math. 17 (1996), no. 4, 381--407. MR1422065 (97j:05003).

See A228708 for the full triangle.

T(n, 1) = A003517(n+1). Cf. A001089.

for(n=1,15, for(k=1,n-2,print1(binomial(2*n-k-1,n)-binomial(2*n-k-1,n+3)+binomial(2*n-2*k-2,n-k-4)-binomial(2*n-2*k-2,n-k-1)+binomial(2*n-2*k-3,n-k-4)-binomial(2*n-2*k-3,n-k-2)",")))

T(n, k) = C(2n-k-1, n) - C(2n-k-1, n+3) + C(2n-2k-2, n-k-4) - C(2n-2k-2, n-k-1) + C(2n-2k-3, n-k-4) - C(2n-2k-3, n-k-2).

T(n, n-2) = n-2, T(n, k) = T(n, k+1) + T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-k, 2).

A228708 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: T(n,k) = number of permutations on 123...n with exactly one abc pattern and no aj pattern with j<=k, for n>=0, 0<=k<=n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 6, 6, 2, 0, 0, 27, 27, 12, 3, 0, 0, 110, 110, 55, 19, 4, 0, 0, 429, 429, 229, 91, 27, 5, 0, 0, 1638, 1638, 912, 393, 136, 36, 6, 0, 0, 6188, 6188, 3549, 1614, 612, 191, 46, 7, 0, 0, 23256, 23256, 13636, 6447, 2601, 897, 257, 57, 8, 0, 0

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 15 2013

See Noonan-Zeilberger for precise definition.

			Triangle begins:
0
0,0
0,0,0
1,1,0,0
6,6,2,0,0
27,27,12,3,0,0
110,110,55,19,4,0,0
429,429,229,91,27,5,0,0
1638,1638,912,393,136,36,6,0,0
6188,6188,3549,1614,612,191,46,7,0,0
23256,23256,13636,6447,2601,897,257,57,8,0,0
...

J. Noonan and D. Zeilberger, [math/9808080] The Enumeration of Permutations With a Prescribed Number of ``Forbidden'' Patterns. Also Adv. in Appl. Math. 17 (1996), no. 4, 381--407. MR1422065 (97j:05003).

See A084249 for a curtailed version. See also A229158, A229160.

T(n, 1) = A003517(n+1). Cf. A001089.

for(n=1,15, for(k=1,n-2,print1(binomial(2*n-k-1,n)-binomial(2*n-k-1,n+3)+binomial(2*n-2*k-2,n-k-4)-binomial(2*n-2*k-2,n-k-1)+binomial(2*n-2*k-3,n-k-4)-binomial(2*n-2*k-3,n-k-2)",")))

T(n, k) = C(2n-k-1, n) - C(2n-k-1, n+3) + C(2n-2k-2, n-k-4) - C(2n-2k-2, n-k-1) + C(2n-2k-3, n-k-4) - C(2n-2k-3, n-k-2).

T(n, n-2) = n-2, T(n, k) = T(n, k+1) + T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-k, 2).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A003517 Number of permutations of [n+1] with exactly 1 increasing subsequence of length 3.

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A138159 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations of [n] having k occurrences of the pattern 321 (n>=1, 0<=k<=n(n-1)(n-2)/6).

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A084249 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: permutations on 123...n with one abc pattern and no aj pattern with j<=k, n>2, k

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A228708 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: T(n,k) = number of permutations on 123...n with exactly one abc pattern and no aj pattern with j<=k, for n>=0, 0<=k<=n.

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A229158 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: T(n,k) = number of permutations on 123...n with exactly two abc patterns and no aj pattern with j<=k, for n>=0, 0<=k<=n.

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