A056637 -id:A056637 - cp's OEIS frontend

A005109 Class 1- (or Pierpont) primes: primes of the form 2^t*3^u + 1.

2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 37, 73, 97, 109, 163, 193, 257, 433, 487, 577, 769, 1153, 1297, 1459, 2593, 2917, 3457, 3889, 10369, 12289, 17497, 18433, 39367, 52489, 65537, 139969, 147457, 209953, 331777, 472393, 629857, 746497, 786433, 839809, 995329, 1179649, 1492993, 1769473, 1990657

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

The definition is given by Guy: a prime p is in class 1- if the only prime divisors of p - 1 are 2 or 3; and p is in class r- if every prime factor of p - 1 is in some class <= r- - 1, with equality for at least one prime factor. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 22 2012
See A005105 for the definition of class r+ primes.
Gleason, p. 191: a regular polygon of n sides can be constructed by ruler, compass and angle-trisector iff n = 2^r * 3^s * p_1 * p_2 * ... * p_k, where p_1, p_2, ..., p_k are distinct elements of this sequence and > 3.
Sequence gives primes solutions to p == +1 (mod phi(p-1)). - Benoit Cloitre, Feb 22 2002
These are the primes p for which p-1 is 3-smooth.  Primes for which either p+1 or p-1 have many small factors are more easily proved prime, so most of the largest primes found have this property. - Michael B. Porter, Feb 19 2013
For terms p > 3, omega(p-1) = 3 - p mod 3. Consider terms > 3. Clearly, t > 0. If p == 1 mod 3, u > 0: hence omega(p-1) = 2 because p-1 has two prime factors. If p == 2 mod 3, u = 0: hence omega(p-1) = 1 because p-1 is a power of 2. The latter case corresponds to terms that are Fermat primes > 3. Similar arguments demonstrate the converse, that for p > 3, if omega(p-1) = 3 - p mod 3, p is a term. - Chris Boyd, Mar 22 2014
The subset of A055600 which are prime. - Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 19 2014
Named after the American mathematician James Pierpont (1866-1938). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 09 2021

			97 = 2^5*3 + 1 is a term.

Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2004, section A18, p. 66.
George E. Martin, Geometric Constructions, Springer, 1998. ISBN 0-387-98276-0.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Robert G. Wilson v, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..8396 (terms 1..795 from T. D. Noe, terms 796..1602 from Joerg Arndt)
Claudi Alsina and Roger B. Nelson, A Panoply of Polygons, Dolciani Math. Expeditions Vol. 58, AMS/MAA (2023), see page 112.
Chris K. Caldwell, The Prime Pages.
David A. Cox and Jerry Shurman, Geometry and number theory on clovers, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 112, No. 8 (2005), pp. 682-704.
Andrew M. Gleason, Angle Trisection, the Heptagon and the Triskaidecagon, American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 95, No. 3 (1988), pp. 185-194.
Ernest G. Hibbs, Component Interactions of the Prime Numbers, Ph. D. Thesis, Capitol Technology Univ. (2022), see p. 33.
Joel C. Langer and David A. Singer, Subdividing the trefoil by origami, Geometry, Vol. 2013 (Hindawi Publishing Company, 2013), Article ID 897320. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Feb 08 2013
James Pierpont, On an Undemonstrated Theorem of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, American Mathematical Society Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 3 (1895-1896), pp. 77-83.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pierpont Prime.
Index entries for sequences related to the Erdos-Selfridge classification

Cf. A048135, A048136, A056637, A077497, A077498, A077500, A081426, A122259, A019434, A000668, A000040, A003586, A374577, A374578.

K:=10^7;; # to get all terms <= K.
A:=Filtered([1..K],IsPrime);;
B:=List(A,i->Factors(i-1));;
C:=[];;  for i in B do if Elements(i)=[2] or Elements(i)=[2,3]  then Add(C,Position(B,i)); fi; od;
A005109:=Concatenation([2],List(C,i->A[i])); # Muniru A Asiru, Sep 10 2017

[p: p in PrimesUpTo(10^8) | forall{d: d in PrimeDivisors(p-1) | d le 3}]; // Bruno Berselli, Sep 24 2012

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[ Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]]; f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2]; While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]]; Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] - 1]]; ClassMinusNbr[n_] := Length[NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3; Prime[ Select[ Range[3, 6300], ClassMinusNbr[ Prime[ # ]] == 1 &]]
Select[Prime /@ Range[10^5], Max @@ First /@ FactorInteger[ # - 1] < 5 &] (* Ray Chandler, Nov 01 2005 *)
mx = 2*10^6; Select[Sort@ Flatten@ Table[2^i*3^j + 1, {i, 0, Log[2, mx]}, {j, 0, Log[3, mx/2^i]}], PrimeQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 16 2014, edited by Michael De Vlieger, Aug 23 2017 *)

N=10^8; default(primelimit,N);
pq(p)={p-=1; (p/(2^valuation(p,2)*3^valuation(p,3)))==1;}
forprime(p=2,N,if(pq(p),print1(p,", ")));
/* Joerg Arndt, Sep 22 2012 */

/* much more efficient: */
A005109_upto(lim=1e10)={my(L=List(), k2=1);
until ( lim <= k2 *= 2, my(k23 = k2);
    until ( lim <= k23 *= 3, isprime(k23+1) && listput(L, k23+1));
); Set(L) } /* Joerg Arndt, Sep 22 2012, edited by M. F. Hasler, Mar 17 2024 */

N=10^8; default(primelimit, N);
print1("2, 3, ");forprime(p=5,N,if(omega(p-1)==3-p%3,print1(p", "))) \\ Chris Boyd, Mar 22 2014

from itertools import islice
from sympy import nextprime
def A005109_gen(): # generator of terms
    p = 2
    while True:
        q = p-1
        q >>= (~q&q-1).bit_length()
        a, b = divmod(q,3)
        while not b:
            a, b = divmod(q:=a,3)
        if q==1:
            yield p
        p = nextprime(p)
A005109_list = list(islice(A005109_gen(),30)) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 17 2023

A122257(a(n)) = 1; A122258(n) = number of Pierpont primes <= n; A122260 gives numbers having only Pierpont primes as factors. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 29 2006
{primes p: A126805(PrimePi(p)) = 1}. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 24 2012
a(n) = 2^A374577(n) * 3^A374578(n) + 1. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 02 2024

Comments and additional references from Antreas P. Hatzipolakis (xpolakis(AT)otenet.gr)
More terms from David W. Wilson
More terms from Benoit Cloitre, Feb 22 2002
More terms from Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 20 2003

A005113 Smallest prime in class n (sometimes written n+) according to the Erdős-Selfridge classification of primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 13, 37, 73, 1021, 2917, 15013, 49681, 532801, 1065601, 8524807, 68198461, 545587687, 1704961513, 23869461181, 288310406533

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

A prime p is in class 1 if (p+1)'s largest prime factor is 2 or 3. If (p+1) has other prime factors, p's class is one more than the largest class of its prime factors. See also A005105.
John W. Layman observes that for n=10..13, the ratios r(n)= a(n)/a(n-1) are increasingly close to an integer, being 1.9999981, 7.99999906, 8.00000059 and 7.999999985.
Layman's observation is a consequence of a(n+1) = m*a(n)-1 for (n,m)=(1,7),(3,2),(4,14),(9,2),(10,8),(12,8),(14,14), while a(12) = 8 a(11)+5 is a coincidence which does not fit into that scheme. This relationship is not unusual since any N+ prime p is by definition such that p+1 = m*q where q is a (N-1)+ prime and m = (p+1)/q must be even since p,q are odd (except for q=2, allowing the odd m=7 for n=1 above) and the least N+ prime has good chances of having q equal to the least (N-1)+ prime. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 09 2007
a(n+1) >= 2*a(n)-1 since a(n+1)+1 = p*q with p of class n+ (thus >= a(n) and odd) and thus q >= 2 (even and positive). a(n+1) <= min { p = 2*k*a(n)-1 | k=1,2,3,... such that p is prime }. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 02 2007
a(17) <= 1833174628057, with equality if 916587314029 is the 10th 16+ prime; a(18) <= 3666349256113, with equality if a(17) = 1833174628057; a(19) <= 65994286610033, with equality if 41431295033731 is the third 18+ prime; a(20) <= 764276710625653, with equality if 382138355312827 is the third 19+ prime. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 09 2007

			1553 is in class 4 because 1553+1 = 2*3*7*37; 7 is in class 1 and 37 is in class 3. 37 is in class 3 because 37+1 = 2*19 and 19 is in class 2. 19 is in class 2 because 19+1 = 2*2*5 and 5 is in class 1. 5 is in class 1 because 5+1=2*3.

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A18.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Cf. A056637, A005105, A005106, A005107, A005108, A019268.

Cf. A081633 - A081639, A084071, A090468, A129474, A129475, A129469.

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[ Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]]; NextPrime[n_] := Block[{k = n + 1}, While[ !PrimeQ[k], k++ ]; k]; f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2]; While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]]; Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] + 1]]; ClassPlusNbr[n_] := Length[ NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3; a = Table[0, {15}]; a[[1]] = 2; k = 5; Do[c = ClassPlusNbr[ k]; If[ a[[c]] == 0, a[[c]] = k]; k = NextPrime[k], {n, 1, 28700000}]; a

checkclass(n,p)={ n=factor(n+1)[,1]; n[#n] <= 3 && return(1); (#p <= 1 || n[#n] < p[#p]) && return(2); n[1]=p[#p]; p=vecextract(p,"^-1"); forstep( i=#n,2,-1, n[i] < n[1] && break; checkclass(n[i],p) > #p && return(2+#p)) }
A005113(n,p,a=[])={ while( #a #a, p=nextprime(p+1)); a=concat(a,p); p=a[#a]*2-2); a } \\ A005113(11) takes < 10 sec @ 2 GHz in 2007; less than 2.5 sec @ 2 GHz in 2013. \\ M. F. Hasler, Apr 02 2007

class(n, s=+1 /* for n+ class; -1 for n- class */)={ isprime(n) || return; (( n=factor(n+s)[,1] ) && n[ #n]>3 ) || return(1); vecsort( vector( #n,i,class( n[i],s )))[#n]+1 }
someofnextclass( a, limit=0, s=0, b=[], p)={ if(!s,/* guess + or - */ s=( class(a[1]) && class(a[1])==class(a[2]) )*2-1 ); print("looking for primes of class ", 1+class( a[1], s), ["+","-"][1+(s<0)] ); for( i=1,#a, p=-s; until( p>=limit, until( isprime(p), p+=a[i]<<1 ); b=concat(b,p); if( !limit, limit=p)) ); vecsort(b) };
c=A090468; for(i=15,20,c=someofnextclass(c,9e12);print("least prime of class ",i,"+ is <= ",c[1])) \\  M. F. Hasler, Apr 09 2007

Extended through a(12) by Robert G. Wilson v
a(13) from John W. Layman
a(14) from Don Reble, Apr 11 2003
a(15) from Sam Handler (sam_5_5_5_0(AT)yahoo.com), Aug 17 2006
a(7) corrected by Tomás Oliveira e Silva, Oct 27 2006
a(16) calculated using A129475(n) up to n=19 by M. F. Hasler, Apr 16 2007
Edited by Max Alekseyev, Aug 17 2013

A005110 Class 2- primes (for definition see A005109).

Original entry on oeis.org

11, 29, 31, 41, 43, 53, 61, 71, 79, 101, 103, 113, 127, 131, 137, 149, 151, 157, 181, 191, 197, 211, 223, 229, 239, 241, 251, 271, 281, 293, 307, 313, 337, 379, 389, 401, 409, 421, 439, 443, 449, 457, 491, 521, 541, 547, 571, 593, 601, 613, 631, 641, 647, 653, 673

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

nonn

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A18.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..13766

Cf. A005113, A056637, A005109, A005111, A005112, A081424, A081425, A081426, A081427, A081428, A081429, A081430.

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[ Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]];
f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2];
While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]];
Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] - 1]];
ClassMinusNbr[n_] := Length[NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3;
Prime[ Select[ Range[122], ClassMinusNbr[ Prime[ # ]] == 2 &] ] (* Robert G. Wilson v *)

Edited and extended by Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 20 2003

Corrected by R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2007

A005111 Class 3- primes (for definition see A005109).

Original entry on oeis.org

23, 59, 67, 83, 89, 107, 173, 199, 227, 233, 263, 311, 317, 331, 349, 353, 367, 373, 383, 397, 419, 431, 463, 479, 503, 509, 523, 563, 569, 587, 607, 617, 619, 661, 683, 727, 733, 739, 743, 787, 809, 821, 823, 853, 859, 881, 887, 907, 929, 947, 977, 983, 991, 1031, 1033

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

nonn

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A18.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000

Cf. A005113, A056637, A005109, A005110, A005112, A081424, A081425, A081426, A081427, A081428, A081429, A081430.

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[ Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]]; f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2]; While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]]; Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] - 1]]; ClassMinusNbr[n_] := Length[NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3; Prime[ Select[ Range[175], ClassMinusNbr[ Prime[ # ]] == 3 &]]

Edited and extended by Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 20 2003

Corrected by R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2007

A081426 Class 7- primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1439, 8629, 10067, 14683, 17257, 19577, 20389, 22643, 23743, 27103, 28219, 29399, 31657, 32633, 33107, 33113, 33863, 34259, 34513, 35951, 36137, 36887, 37379, 40127, 40637, 40759, 42179, 42209, 42767, 44519, 44579, 45139, 49019, 49669

Offset: 1

Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 20 2003

nonn

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A18.

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000

Cf. A005113, A056637, A005109, A005110, A005111, A005112, A081424, A081425, A081427, A081428, A081429, A081430.

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]]; f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2]; While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]]; Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] - 1]]; ClassMinusNbr[n_] := Length[NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3; Prime[ Select[ Range[5200], ClassMinusNbr[ Prime[ # ]] == 7 &]]

A081427 Class 8- primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

2879, 20147, 25903, 34537, 46049, 58733, 63317, 65267, 69029, 69073, 74759, 80537, 86291, 86341, 103549, 106487, 108413, 112877, 120877, 131687, 135859, 138053, 140939, 141023, 147647, 155413, 157427, 165527, 172681, 187163, 189949, 207079

Offset: 1

Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 20 2003

nonn

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A18.

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000

Cf. A005113, A056637, A005109, A005110, A005111, A005112, A081424, A081425, A081426, A081428, A081429, A081430.

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]]; f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2]; While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]]; Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] - 1]]; ClassMinusNbr[n_] := Length[NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3; Prime[ Select[ Range[20000], ClassMinusNbr[ Prime[ # ]] == 8 &]]

A005112 Class 4- primes (for definition see A005109).

Original entry on oeis.org

47, 139, 167, 179, 269, 277, 347, 461, 467, 499, 599, 643, 691, 709, 797, 827, 829, 839, 857, 863, 967, 997, 1013, 1019, 1039, 1063, 1069, 1151, 1163, 1181, 1289, 1367, 1381, 1399, 1427, 1487, 1493, 1499, 1579, 1609, 1619, 1657, 1867, 1877, 1889, 1933, 1979

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

nonn

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A18.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000

Cf. A005113, A056637, A005109, A005110, A005111, A081424, A081425, A081426, A081427, A081428, A081429, A081430

PrimeFactors[n_Integer] := Flatten[ Table[ #[[1]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[n]]; f[n_Integer] := Block[{m = n}, If[m == 0, m = 1, While[ IntegerQ[m/2], m /= 2]; While[ IntegerQ[m/3], m /= 3]]; Apply[Times, PrimeFactors[m] - 1]]; ClassMinusNbr[n_] := Length[NestWhileList[f, n, UnsameQ, All]] - 3; Prime[ Select[ Range[300], ClassMinusNbr[ Prime[ # ]] == 4 &]]

Edited and extended by Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 20 2003

cp's OEIS Frontend

A005109 Class 1- (or Pierpont) primes: primes of the form 2^t*3^u + 1.

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A005113 Smallest prime in class n (sometimes written n+) according to the Erdős-Selfridge classification of primes.

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A005110 Class 2- primes (for definition see A005109).

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A005111 Class 3- primes (for definition see A005109).

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A081426 Class 7- primes.

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A081427 Class 8- primes.

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A005112 Class 4- primes (for definition see A005109).

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