A059299 -id:A059299 - cp's OEIS frontend

A059297 Triangle of idempotent numbers binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k), version 1.

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 6, 1, 0, 4, 24, 12, 1, 0, 5, 80, 90, 20, 1, 0, 6, 240, 540, 240, 30, 1, 0, 7, 672, 2835, 2240, 525, 42, 1, 0, 8, 1792, 13608, 17920, 7000, 1008, 56, 1, 0, 9, 4608, 61236, 129024, 78750, 18144, 1764, 72, 1, 0, 10, 11520, 262440

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 25 2001

T(n,k) = C(n,k)*k^(n-k) is the number of functions f from domain [n] to codomain [n+1] such that f(x)=n+1 for exactly k elements x of [n] and f(f(x))=n+1 for the remaining n-k elements x of [n]. Subsequently, row sums of T(n,k) provide the number of functions f:[n]->[n+1] such that either f(x)=n+1 or f(f(x))=n+1 for every x in [n]. We note that there are C(n,k) ways to choose the k elements mapped to n+1 and there are k^(n-k) ways to map n-k elements to a set of k elements. - Dennis P. Walsh, Sep 05 2012
Conjecture: the matrix inverse is A137452. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 12 2013
The above conjecture is correct. This triangle is the exponential Riordan array [1, x*exp(x)]. Thus the  inverse array is the exponential Riordan array [ 1, W(x)], which equals A137452. - Peter Bala, Apr 08 2013

			Triangle begins:
1;
0,  1;
0,  2,   1;
0,  3,   6,    1;
0,  4,  24,   12,    1;
0,  5,  80,   90,   20,   1;
0,  6, 240,  540,  240,  30,  1;
0,  7, 672, 2835, 2240, 525, 42,  1;
Row 4. Expansion of x^4 in terms of Abel polynomials:
x^4 = -4*x+24*x*(x+2)-12*x*(x+3)^2+x*(x+4)^3.
O.g.f. for column 2: A(-2,1/x) = x^2/(1-2*x)^3 = x^2+6*x^3+24*x^4+80*x^5+....

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 91, #43 and p. 135, [3i'].

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..140, flattened
Peter Bala, Diagonals of triangles with generating function exp(t*F(x)).
G. Duchamp, K. A. Penson, A. I. Solomon, A. Horzela and P. Blasiak, One-parameter groups and combinatorial physics, arXiv:quant-ph/0401126, 2004.
Emanuele Munarini, Combinatorial identities involving the central coefficients of a Sheffer matrix, Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics (2019) Vol. 13, 495-517.
Bruce E. Sagan, A note on Abel polynomials and rooted labeled forests. Discrete Mathematics 44(3): 293-298 (1983).
J. Taylor, Formal group laws and hypergraph colorings, doctoral thesis, Univ. of Wash., 2016, p. 96, [_Tom Copeland_, Dec 20 2018].
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Abel Polynomial
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Idempotent Number
Jian Zhou, On Some Mathematics Related to the Interpolating Statistics, arXiv:2108.10514 [math-ph], 2021.

There are 4 versions: A059297, A059298, A059299, A059300.
Diagonals give A001788, A036216, A040075, A050982, A002378, 3*A002417, etc.
Row sums are A000248.
Cf. A061356, A202017, A137452 (inverse array), A264428.

/* As triangle */ [[Binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k): k in [0..n]]: n in [0.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 22 2015

T:= (n, k)-> binomial(n, k) *k^(n-k):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 05 2012

nn=10;f[list_]:=Select[list,#>0&];Prepend[Map[Prepend[#,0]&,Rest[Map[f,Range[0,nn]!CoefficientList[Series[Exp[y x Exp[x]],{x,0,nn}],{x,y}]]]],{1}]//Grid  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 09 2013 *)
t[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k]*k^(n - k); Prepend[Flatten@Table[t[n, k], {n, 10}, {k, 0, n}], 1] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Mar 23 2013 *)

# uses[bell_transform from A264428]
def A059297_row(n):
    nat = [k for k in (1..n)]
    return bell_transform(n, nat)
[A059297_row(n)  for n in range(8)] # Peter Luschny, Dec 20 2015

E.g.f.: exp(x*y*exp(y)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Nov 18 2003
Up to signs, this is the triangle of connection constants expressing the monomials x^n as a linear combination of the Abel polynomials A(k,x) := x*(x+k)^(k-1), 0 <= k <= n. O.g.f. for the k-th column: A(-k,1/x) = x^k/(1-k*x)^(k+1). Cf. A061356. Examples are given below. - Peter Bala, Oct 09 2011
The o.g.f.'s for the diagonals of this triangle are the rational functions occurring in the expansion of the compositional inverse (with respect to x) (x-t*x*exp(x))^-1 = x/(1-t) + 2*t/(1-t)^3*x^2/2! + (3*t+9*t^2)/(1-t)^5*x^3/3! + (4*t+52*t^2+64*t^3)/(1-t)^7*x^4/4! + .... For example, the o.g.f. for second subdiagonal is (3*t+9*t^2)/(1-t)^5 = 3*t + 24*t^2 + 90*t^3 + 240*t^4 + .... See the Bala link. The coefficients of the numerator polynomials are listed in A202017. - Peter Bala, Dec 08 2011
Recurrence equation: T(n+1,k+1) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} (j+1)*binomial(n,j)*T(n-j,k). - Peter Bala, Jan 13 2015
The Bell transform of [1,2,3,...]. See A264428 for the Bell transform. - Peter Luschny, Dec 20 2015

A059298 Triangle of idempotent numbers binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k), version 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 3, 6, 1, 4, 24, 12, 1, 5, 80, 90, 20, 1, 6, 240, 540, 240, 30, 1, 7, 672, 2835, 2240, 525, 42, 1, 8, 1792, 13608, 17920, 7000, 1008, 56, 1, 9, 4608, 61236, 129024, 78750, 18144, 1764, 72, 1, 10, 11520, 262440, 860160, 787500, 272160, 41160

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 25 2001

The inverse triangle is the signed version 1,-2,1,9,-6,1,.. of triangle A061356. - Peter Luschny, Mar 13 2009
T(n,k) is the sum of the products of the cardinality of the blocks (cells) in the set partitions of {1,2,..,n} into exactly k blocks.
From Peter Bala, Jul 22 2014: (Start)
Exponential Riordan array [(1+x)*exp(x), x*exp(x)].
Let M = A093375, the exponential Riordan array [(1+x)*exp(x), x], and for k = 0,1,2,... define M(k) to be the lower unit triangular block array
  /I_k 0\
  \ 0  M/
having the k x k identity matrix I_k as the upper left block; in particular, M(0) = M. The present triangle equals the infinite matrix product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*... - see the Example section. (End)
The Bell transform of n+1. For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. - Peter Luschny, Jan 18 2016

			Triangle begins
1;
2, 1;
3, 6, 1;
4, 24, 12, 1; ...
From _Peter Bala_, Jul 22 2014: (Start)
With the arrays M(k) as defined in the Comments section, the infinite product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*... begins
/1          \/1        \/1        \      /1           \
|2  1       ||0 1      ||0 1      |      |2  1        |
|3  4  1    ||0 2 1    ||0 0 1    |... = |3  6  1     |
|4  9  6 1  ||0 3 4 1  ||0 0 2 1  |      |4 24 12  1  |
|5 16 18 8 1||0 4 9 6 1||0 0 3 4 1|      |5 80 90 20 1|
|...        ||...      ||...      |      |...         | (End)

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 91, #43 and p. 135, [3i'].

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for the first 50 rows, flattened
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Idempotent Number

There are 4 versions: A059297, A059298, A059299, A059300.
Diagonals give A001788, A036216, A040075, A050982, A002378, 3*A002417, etc.
Row sums are A000248. A093375.

/* As triangle */ [[Binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k): k in [1..n]]: n in [1.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 22 2015

T:= (n, k)-> binomial(n+1,k+1)*(k+1)^(n-k): seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Georg Fischer, Oct 27 2021

t = Transpose[ Table[ Range[0, 11]! CoefficientList[ Series[(x Exp[x])^n/n!, {x, 0, 11}], x], {n, 11}]]; Table[ t[[n, k]], {n, 2, 11}, {k, n - 1}] // Flatten (* or simply *)
t[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k]*k^(n - k); Table[t[n, k], {n, 10}, {k, n}] // Flatten

for(n=1, 25, for(k=1, n, print1(binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jan 05 2017

# uses[bell_matrix from A264428]
# Adds a column 1,0,0,0, ... at the left side of the triangle.
bell_matrix(lambda n: n+1, 10) # Peter Luschny, Jan 18 2016

cp's OEIS Frontend

A059297 Triangle of idempotent numbers binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k), version 1.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

Sage

Formula

A059298 Triangle of idempotent numbers binomial(n,k)*k^(n-k), version 2.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Sage

A367274 a(n) = binomial(n, k) * (n - k)^k where k = floor(n/2).

Views

Author

Keywords

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica