A099370 -id:A099370 - cp's OEIS frontend

A188645 Array of ((k^n)+(k^(-n)))/2 where k=(sqrt(x^2+1)+x)^2 for integers x>=1.

1, 3, 1, 17, 9, 1, 99, 161, 19, 1, 577, 2889, 721, 33, 1, 3363, 51841, 27379, 2177, 51, 1, 19601, 930249, 1039681, 143649, 5201, 73, 1, 114243, 16692641, 39480499, 9478657, 530451, 10657, 99, 1, 665857, 299537289, 1499219281, 625447713, 54100801, 1555849, 19601, 129, 1

Offset: 0

Charles L. Hohn, Apr 06 2011

Conjecture: Given function f(x, y)=(sqrt(x^2+y)+x)^2; and constant k=f(x, y); then for all integers x>=1 and y=[+-]1, k may be irrational, but ((k^n)+(k^(-n)))/2 always produces integer sequences; y=1 results shown here; y=-1 results are A188644.

Also square array A(n,k), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals, where A(n,k) is Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind T_{k}(x), evaluated at x=2*n^2+1. - Seiichi Manyama, Jan 01 2019

			Square array begins:
     | 0    1       2          3             4
-----+---------------------------------------------
   1 | 1,   3,     17,        99,          577, ...
   2 | 1,   9,    161,      2889,        51841, ...
   3 | 1,  19,    721,     27379,      1039681, ...
   4 | 1,  33,   2177,    143649,      9478657, ...
   5 | 1,  51,   5201,    530451,     54100801, ...
   6 | 1,  73,  10657,   1555849,    227143297, ...
   7 | 1,  99,  19601,   3880899,    768398401, ...
   8 | 1, 129,  33281,   8586369,   2215249921, ...
   9 | 1, 163,  53137,  17322499,   5647081537, ...
  10 | 1, 201,  80801,  32481801,  13057603201, ...
  11 | 1, 243, 118097,  57394899,  27893802817, ...
  12 | 1, 289, 167041,  96549409,  55805391361, ...
  13 | 1, 339, 229841, 155831859, 105653770561, ...
  14 | 1, 393, 308897, 242792649, 190834713217, ...
  15 | 1, 451, 406801, 366934051, 330974107201, ...
  ...

Row 1 is A001541, row 2 is A023039, row 3 is A078986, row 4 is A099370, row 5 is A099397, row 6 is A174747, row 8 is A176368, (row 1)*2 is A003499, (row 2)*2 is A087215.
Column 1 is A058331, (column 1)*2 is A005899.
A188644 (f(x, y) as above with y=-1).
Diagonal gives A173128.
Cf. A188647.

max = 9; y = 1; t = Table[k = ((x^2 + y)^(1/2) + x)^2; ((k^n) + (k^(-n)))/2 // FullSimplify, {n, 0, max - 1}, {x, 1, max}]; Table[ t[[n - k + 1, k]], {n, 1, max}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 17 2013 *)

A(n,k) = (A188647(n,k-1) + A188647(n,k))/2.

A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} binomial(2*k,2*j)*(n^2+1)^(k-j)*n^(2*j). - Seiichi Manyama, Jan 01 2019

Edited and extended by Seiichi Manyama, Jan 01 2019

A099369 Squares of A041025(n-1), n>=1, (generalized Fibonacci).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 64, 4225, 278784, 18395521, 1213825600, 80094094081, 5284996383744, 348729667233025, 23010873040995904, 1518368891038496641, 100189335935499782400, 6610977802851947141761, 436224345652293011573824

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 18 2004

See the comment in A099279. This is example a=8.

a(n+1) is the number of tilings of an n-board (a board with dimensions n X 1) using half-squares (1/2 X 1 pieces, always placed so that the shorter sides are horizontal) and (1/2,1/2)-fences if there are 8 kinds of half-squares available. A (w,g)-fence is a tile composed of two w X 1 pieces separated horizontally by a gap of width g. a(n+1) also equals the number of tilings of an n-board using (1/4,1/4)-fences and (1/4,3/4)-fences if there are 8 kinds of (1/4,1/4)-fences available. - Michael A. Allen, Apr 30 2023

Michael A. Allen and Kenneth Edwards, Fence tiling derived identities involving the metallonacci numbers squared or cubed, Fib. Q. 60:5 (2022) 5-17.
Sergio Falcon, Some series of reciprocal k-Fibonacci numbers, Asian Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2016), pp. 184-191; ResearchGate link.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (65,65,-1).
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.

Cf. other squares of k-metallonacci numbers (for k=1 to 10): A007598, A079291, A092936, A099279, A099365, A099366, A099367, this sequence, A099372, A099374.

LinearRecurrence[{65,65,-1},{0,1,64},20] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 05 2021 *)

a(n) = A041025(n-1)^2, n >= 1, a(0)=0.
a(n) = 65*a(n-1) + 65*a(n-2) - a(n-3), n >= 3; a(0)=0, a(1)=1, a(2)=64.
a(n) = 66*a(n-1) - a(n-2) - 2*(-1)^n, n >= 2; a(0)=0, a(1)=1.
a(n) = (T(n, 33) - (-1)^n)/34 with the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind: T(n, 33) = A099370(n).
G.f.: x*(1-x)/((1-66*x+x^2)*(1+x)) = x*(1-x)/(1-65*x-65*x^2+x^3).
a(n) = (1 - (-1)^n)/2 + 64*Sum_{r=1..n-1} r*a(n-r). - Michael A. Allen, Apr 30 2023
Product_{n>=2} (1 + (-1)^n/a(n)) = (4 + sqrt(17))/8 (Falcon, 2016, p. 189, eq. (3.1)). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 03 2024

A207832 Numbers x such that 20*x^2 + 1 is a perfect square.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 36, 646, 11592, 208010, 3732588, 66978574, 1201881744, 21566892818, 387002188980, 6944472508822, 124613502969816, 2236098580947866, 40125160954091772, 720016798592704030

Offset: 0

Gary Detlefs, Feb 20 2012

Denote as {a,b,c,d} the second-order linear recurrence a(n) = c*a(n-1) + d*a(n-2) with initial terms a, b. The following sequences and recurrence formulas are related to integer solutions of k*x^2 + 1 = y^2.
.
   k             x                        y
   -  -----------------------  -----------------------
A001542 {0,2,6,-1}       A001541 {1,3,6,-1}
A001353 {0,1,4,-1}       A001075 {1,2,4,-1}
A060645 {0,4,18,-1}      A023039 {1,9,18,-1}
A001078 {0,2,10,-1}      A001079 {1,5,10,-1}
A001080 {0,3,16,-1}      A001081 {1,8,16,-1}
A001109 {0,1,6,-1}       A001541 {1,3,6,-1}
A084070 {0,1,38,-1}      A078986 {1,19,38,-1}
A001084 {0,3,20,-1}      A001085 {1,10,20,-1}
A011944 {0,2,14,-1}      A011943 {1,7,14,-1}
A075871 {0,180,1298,-1}  A114047 {1,649,1298,-1}
A068204 {0,4,30,-1}      A069203 {1,15,30,-1}
A001090 {0,1,8,-1}       A001091 {1,4,8,-1}
A121740 {0,8,66,-1}      A099370 {1,33,66,-1}
A202299 {0,4,34,-1}      A056771 {1,17,34,-1}
A174765 {0,39,340,-1}    A114048 {1,179,340,-1}
a(n)    {0,2,18,-1}      A023039 {1,9,18,-1}
A174745 {0,12,110,-1}    A114049 {1,55,110,-1}
A174766 {0,42,394,-1}    A114050 {1,197,394,-1}
A174767 {0,5,48,-1}      A114051 {1,24,48,-1}
A004189 {0,1,10,-1}      A001079 {1,5,10,-1}
A174768 {0,10,102,-1}    A099397 {1,51,102,-1}
The sequence of the c parameter is listed in A180495.

Bruno Berselli, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500
Hacène Belbachir, Soumeya Merwa Tebtoub, and László Németh, Ellipse Chains and Associated Sequences, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 23 (2020), Article 20.8.5.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (18,-1).

Cf. A023039, A049660, A079962.

m:=16; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), m); [0] cat Coefficients(R!(2*x/(1-18*x+x^2))); // Bruno Berselli, Jun 19 2019

readlib(issqr):for x from 1 to 720016798592704030 do if issqr(20*x^2+1) then print(x) fi od;

LinearRecurrence[{18, -1}, {0, 2}, 16] (* Bruno Berselli, Feb 21 2012 *)
Table[2 ChebyshevU[-1 + n, 9], {n, 0, 16}]  (* Herbert Kociemba, Jun 05 2022 *)

makelist(expand(((2+sqrt(5))^(2*n)-(2-sqrt(5))^(2*n))/(4*sqrt(5))), n, 0, 15); /* Bruno Berselli, Jun 19 2019 */

a(n) = 18*a(n-1) - a(n-2).
From Bruno Berselli, Feb 21 2012: (Start)
G.f.: 2*x/(1-18*x+x^2).
a(n) = -a(-n) = 2*A049660(n) = ((2 + sqrt(5))^(2*n)-(2 - sqrt(5))^(2*n))/(4*sqrt(5)). (End)
a(n) = Fibonacci(6*n)/4. - Bruno Berselli, Jun 19 2019
For n>=1, a(n) = A079962(6n-3). - Christopher Hohl, Aug 22 2021

A121740 Solutions to the Pell equation x^2 - 17y^2 = 1 (y values).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 8, 528, 34840, 2298912, 151693352, 10009462320, 660472819768, 43581196642368, 2875698505576520, 189752520171407952, 12520790632807348312, 826182429245113580640, 54515519539544688973928

Offset: 1

Rick L. Shepherd, Jul 31 2006

After initial term this sequence bisects A041025. See A099370 for corresponding x values. a(n+1)/a(n) apparently converges to (4+sqrt(17))^2.

The first solution to the equation x^2 - 17*y^2 = 1 is (X(1); Y(1)) = (1, 0) and the other solutions are defined by: (X(n), Y(n))= (33*X(n-1) + 136*Y(n-1), 8*X(n-1) + 33*Y(n-1)) with n >= 2. - Mohamed Bouhamida, Jan 16 2020

			A099370(1)^2 - 17*a(1)^2 = 33^2 - 17*8^2 = 1089 - 1088 = 1.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pell Equation.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (66,-1).

Cf. A099370, A041025, A040012.

I:=[0, 8]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 66*Self(n-1)-Self(n-2): n in [1..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 18 2011

LinearRecurrence[{66,-1},{0,8},30] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 18 2011 *)

makelist(expand(((33+8*sqrt(17))^n - (33-8*sqrt(17))^n) /(4*sqrt(17)/2)), n, 0, 16); /* Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 18 2011 */

\\ Program uses fact that continued fraction for sqrt(17) = [4,8,8,...].
print1("0, "); forstep(n=2,40,2,v=vector(n,i,if(i>1,8,4)); print1(contfracpnqn(v)[2,1],", "))

a(n) = ((33+8*sqrt(17))^(n-1) - (33-8*sqrt(17))^(n-1))/(2*sqrt(17)).
From Mohamed Bouhamida, Feb 07 2007: (Start)
a(n) = 65*(a(n-1) + a(n-2)) - a(n-3).
a(n) = 67*(a(n-1) - a(n-2)) + a(n-3). (End)
From Philippe Deléham, Nov 18 2008: (Start)
a(n) = 66*a(n-1) - a(n-2) for n > 1; a(1)=0, a(2)=8.
G.f.: 8*x^2/(1 - 66*x + x^2). (End)
E.g.f.: (1/17)*exp(33*x)*(33*sqrt(17)*sinh(8*sqrt(17)*x) + 136*(1 - cosh(8*sqrt(17)*x))). - Stefano Spezia, Feb 08 2020

Offset changed from 0 to 1 and g.f. adapted by Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 18 2011

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A188645 Array of ((k^n)+(k^(-n)))/2 where k=(sqrt(x^2+1)+x)^2 for integers x>=1.

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A099369 Squares of A041025(n-1), n>=1, (generalized Fibonacci).

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A207832 Numbers x such that 20*x^2 + 1 is a perfect square.

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A121740 Solutions to the Pell equation x^2 - 17y^2 = 1 (y values).

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