A177885 -id:A177885 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002410 Nearest integer to imaginary part of n-th zero of Riemann zeta function.

14, 21, 25, 30, 33, 38, 41, 43, 48, 50, 53, 56, 59, 61, 65, 67, 70, 72, 76, 77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 92, 95, 96, 99, 101, 104, 105, 107, 111, 112, 114, 116, 119, 121, 123, 124, 128, 130, 131, 133, 135, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 156, 158, 159, 161

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

"All these zeros of the form s + it have real part s = 1/2 and are simple. Thus the Riemann hypothesis is true at least for t < 3330657430697." - Wedeniwski
From Daniel Forgues, Jul 24 2009: (Start)
All nontrivial zeros on the critical line, of the form 1/2 + i*t, have an associated conjugate nontrivial zero of the form 1/2 - i*t.
Any nontrivial zeros off the critical line, if ever found, would come in pairs (1/2 +- delta) + i*t, 0 < delta < 1/2. Each of these pairs, again if ever found, would then have their associated conjugate pair (1/2 +- delta) - i*t, 0 < delta < 1/2. (End)
The sequence is not strictly increasing. - Joerg Arndt, Jan 17 2015
The fraction of numbers n such that a(n) = a(n-1) has density 1. There are only finitely many numbers n with a(n) > a(n-1) + 1, see A208436. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 07 2018
Conjecture: Noninteger rationals of the form m/2^bigomega(m) that can be used to approximate this sequence, i.e. a(n) ~~ 2*Pi*A374074(n)/2^bigomega(A374074(n)) - n/2 +- (...), where '~~' means 'close to'. - Friedjof Tellkamp, Jul 04 2024

			The imaginary parts of the first 4 zeros are 14.134725... (A058303), 21.0220396... (A065434), 25.01085758... (A065452), 30.424876... (A065453).

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W. F. Galway, Computations related to the Riemann Hypothesis
R. Garunkstis and J. Steuding, On the distribution of zeros of the Hurwitz zeta-function, Math. Comput. 76 (2007), 323-337.
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D. A. Goldston, Notes on Pair Correlation of Zeros and Prime Numbers, arXiv:math/0412313 [math.NT], 2004.
D. A. Goldston & S. M. Gonek, A note on S(T) and the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, arXiv:math/0511092 [math.NT], 2005.
S. Gonek, Three Lectures on the Riemann Zeta-Function, arXiv:math/0401126 [math.NT], 2004.
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J. P. Gram, Note sur les zéros de la fonction zeta(s) de Riemann, Acta Mathematica, 27 (1903), 289-304.
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Mats Granvik, Illustration of Andre LeClair's approximation of the initial terms
Mats Granvik, Mathematica programs comparing limiting ratios vs Newton-Raphson method for finding Riemann zeta zeros.
Mats Granvik, Plots from the Mathematica programs comparing limiting ratios vs Newton-Raphson method for finding Riemann zeta zeros.
A. Granville, Nombres premiers et chaos quantique (Text in French)
J. Hadamard, Sur la distribution des zeros de la fonction zeta(s) et ses consequences arithmetiques (Text in French)
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N. Levinson, At Least One-Third of Zeros of Riemann's Zeta-Function are on sigma=1/2, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr; 71(4): 1013-1015.
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J. van de Lune & H. J. J. te Riele, Rigorous High Speed Separation Of Zeros Of Riemann's Zeta Function, II
J. van de Lune & H. J. J. te Riele, Rigorous High Speed Separation Of Zeros of Riemann's Zeta Function, III
J. van de Lune & H. J. J. te Riele, On the Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function in the Critical Strip, III
J. van de Lune, H. J. J. te Riele & D. T. Winter, On the Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function in the Critical Strip, IV
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Index entries for zeta function

Cf. A013629 (floor), A092783 (ceiling), A057641, A057640, A058209, A058210, A120401, A122526, A072080, A124288 ("unstable" zeta zeros), A124289 ("unstable twins"), A236212, A177885, A374074 (approximation).

Imaginary part of k-th nontrivial zero of Riemann zeta function: A058303 (k=1), A065434 (k=2), A065452 (k=3), A065453 (k=4), A192492 (k=5), A305741 (k=6), A305742 (k=7), A305743 (k=8), A305744 (k=9), A306004 (k=10).

Table[Round[Im[ZetaZero[n]]], {n, 59}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 02 2011 *)

apply(round,lfunzeros(lzeta,100)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 10 2016

def A002410_list(n):
    Z = lcalc.zeros(n)
    return [round(z) for z in Z]
A002410_list(59) # Peter Luschny, May 02 2014

a(n) ~ (2*Pi*e) * e^(W0(n/e)), where W0 is the principal branch of Lambert's W function. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 14 2012, corrected by Hal M. Switkay, Oct 04 2021

a(n) ~ 2*Pi*(n - 11/8)/ProductLog((n - 11/8)/exp(1)). This is the asymptotic by Guilherme França and André LeClair. - Mats Granvik, Mar 10 2015; corrected May 16 2016

More terms from Pab Ter (pabrlos(AT)yahoo.com), May 08 2004

A137452 Triangular array of the coefficients of the sequence of Abel polynomials A(n,x) := x*(x-n)^(n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, -2, 1, 0, 9, -6, 1, 0, -64, 48, -12, 1, 0, 625, -500, 150, -20, 1, 0, -7776, 6480, -2160, 360, -30, 1, 0, 117649, -100842, 36015, -6860, 735, -42, 1, 0, -2097152, 1835008, -688128, 143360, -17920, 1344, -56, 1, 0, 43046721, -38263752, 14880348, -3306744, 459270, -40824, 2268, -72, 1

Offset: 0

Roger L. Bagula, Apr 18 2008

Row sums give A177885.
The Abel polynomials are associated with the Abel operator t*exp(y*t)*p(x) = t*p(x+y).
From Peter Luschny, Jan 14 2009: (Start)
Abs(T(n,k)) is the number of rooted labeled trees on n+1 vertices with a root degree k (Clarke's formula).
The row sums in the unsigned case, Sum_{k=0..n} abs(T(n,k)), count the trees on n+1 labeled nodes, A000272(n+1). (End)
Exponential Riordan array [1, W(x)], W(x) the Lambert W-function. - Paul Barry, Nov 19 2010
The inverse array is the exponential Riordan array [1, x*exp(x)], which is A059297. - Peter Bala, Apr 08 2013
The inverse Bell transform of [1,2,3,...]. See A264428 for the Bell transform and A264429 for the inverse Bell transform. - Peter Luschny, Dec 20 2015
Also the Bell transform of (-1)^n*(n+1)^n. - Peter Luschny, Jan 18 2016

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0,        1;
  0,       -2,       1;
  0,        9,      -6,       1;
  0,      -64,      48,     -12,      1;
  0,      625,    -500,     150,    -20,      1;
  0,    -7776,    6480,   -2160,    360,    -30,    1;
  0,   117649, -100842,   36015,  -6860,    735,  -42,   1;
  0, -2097152, 1835008, -688128, 143360, -17920, 1344, -56, 1;

Steve Roman, The Umbral Calculus, Dover Publications, New York (1984), pp. 14 and 29

Seiichi Manyama, Rows n = 0..139, flattened
W. Y. Chen, A general bijective algorithm for trees, PNAS December 1, 1990 vol. 87 no. 24 9635-9639.
L. E. Clarke, On Cayley's formula for counting trees, J. London Math. Soc. 33 (1958), 471-475.
Péter L. Erdős and L. A. Székely, Applications of Antilexicographic Order. I., An Enumerative Theory of Trees, Adv. in Appl. Math. 10, (1989) 488-496.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Abel Polynomial.
Wikipedia, Abel Polynomials.
Bao-Xuan Zhu, Total positivity from a generalized cycle index polynomial, arXiv:2006.14485 [math.CO], 2020.

Row sums A177885.
Cf. A000272, A061356, A059297 (inverse array), A264429.
Cf. A061354, A095996, A264234, A061355, A049444.

T := proc(n,k) if n = 0 and k = 0 then 1 else binomial(n-1,k-1)*(-n)^(n-k) fi end; seq(print(seq(T(n,k),k=0..n)),n=0..7); # Peter Luschny, Jan 14 2009
# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428.
BellMatrix(n -> (-n-1)^n, 9); # Peter Luschny, Jan 27 2016

a0 = 1 a[x, 0] = 1; a[x, 1] = x; a[x_, n_] := x*(x - a0*n)^(n - 1); Table[Expand[a[x, n]], {n, 0, 10}]; a1 = Table[CoefficientList[a[x, n], x], {n, 0, 10}]; Flatten[a1]
(* Second program: *)
BellMatrix[f_, len_] := With[{t = Array[f, len, 0]}, Table[BellY[n, k, t], {n, 0, len - 1}, {k, 0, len - 1}]];
B = BellMatrix[Function[n, (-n-1)^n], rows = 12];
Table[B[[n, k]], {n, 1, rows}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 28 2018, after Peter Luschny *)

# uses[inverse_bell_transform from A264429]
def A137452_matrix(dim):
    nat = [n for n in (1..dim)]
    return inverse_bell_transform(dim, nat)
A137452_matrix(10) # Peter Luschny, Dec 20 2015

Row n gives the coefficients of the expansion of x*(x-n)^(n-1).
Abs(T(n,k)) = C(n-1,k-1)*n^(n-k). - Peter Luschny, Jan 14 2009
From Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 08 2022: (Start)
From the exponential Riordan (also Sheffer of Jabotinsky) type (1, LambertW) array (see comments).
E.g.f. of column sequence k, LambertW(x)^k/k!, for k >= 0.
E.g.f. of row polynomials P_n(y) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*y^k: exp(y*LambertW(x)).
Recurrence for T: T(n, k) = 0 for n < k; T(n, 0) = 1 for n = 0 otherwise 0; T(n, k) = (n/k)*Sum_{j=0..n-k} binomial(k-1+j,k-1)*(-1)^j*T(n-1, k-1+j). (Jabotinsky type convolution triangle, the e.g.f.s for the a- and z-sequences are exp(-x), and 0. See the link in A006232.)
Recurrence for column k of T: T(n, k) = 0 for n < k, T(k, k) = 1, for k >= 0 otherwise T(n, k) = (n!*k/(n-k))*Sum_{j=k..n-1} (1/j!)*beta(n-1-j)*T(j, k), where beta(n) = A264234(n+1)/A095996(n+1) = {-1, 2, -9/2, 32/3, -625/24, ...} with o.g.f. d/dx(log(LambertW(x)/x)). See the Boas-Buck or Rainville references given in A046521, and my Aug 10 2017 comment there.
Recurrence for the row polynomials P_0(x) = 1, and P_n(x) = x*substitute(z=d/dx, exp(-z)/(1+z)) P_(n-1)(x), for n >= 1, with coefficient z^k of exp(-z)/(1+z) given by (-1)^k*A061354(k)/A061355(k). See the Roman reference Corollary 3.7.2., p. 50. (End)
The column sequences for the unsigned triangle Abs(T(n, k)), for k >= 2, are also given by {n^(n-k)*(n-1)*s(k-2, n)/(k-1)!}A049444.%20-%20_Wolfdieter%20Lang">{n>=k} with the row polynomials s(n, x) = risingfactorial(x - (n+1), n) of A049444. - _Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 21 2022

Better name by Peter Bala, Apr 08 2013

Edited by Joerg Arndt, Apr 08 2013

A357247 E.g.f. satisfies A(x) * log(A(x)) = x * exp(-x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -3, 13, -103, 1241, -19691, 384805, -8918351, 238966705, -7265920339, 247123552061, -9295263915191, 383095792217737, -17167554097899323, 831082449069928021, -43221681697593767071, 2403219105771778162529, -142263939562414917333155

Offset: 0

Seiichi Manyama, Sep 19 2022

sign

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..372
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lambert W-Function.

Cf. A177885, A216857, A357243, A357246, A359759 (column 1).

A357247 := n -> (-1)^(n - 1) * add(binomial(n, j) * (j - 1)^(j - 1) * j^(n - j), j = 0..n): seq(A357247(n), n = 0..18); # Peter Luschny, Jan 28 2023

nmax = 20; A[_] = 1;
Do[A[x_] = Exp[x/(Exp[x]*A[x])] + O[x]^(nmax+1) // Normal, {nmax}];
CoefficientList[A[x], x]*Range[0, nmax]! (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 04 2024 *)

my(N=20, x='x+O('x^N)); Vec(serlaplace(sum(k=0, N, (-k+1)^(k-1)*(x*exp(-x))^k/k!)))

my(N=20, x='x+O('x^N)); Vec(serlaplace(exp(lambertw(x*exp(-x)))))

my(N=20, x='x+O('x^N)); Vec(serlaplace(x*exp(-x)/lambertw(x*exp(-x))))

a_vector(n) = my(v=vector(n+1)); v[1]=1; for(i=1, n, v[i+1]=sum(j=1, i, sum(k=1, j, (-k)^(j-1)*binomial(j, k))*binomial(i-1, j-1)*v[i-j+1])); v;

E.g.f. satisfies A(x) * log(A(x)) - x * exp(-x) = 0.
E.g.f.: A(x) = Sum_{k>=0} (-k+1)^(k-1) * (x * exp(-x))^k / k!.
E.g.f.: A(x) = exp( LambertW(x * exp(-x)) ).
E.g.f.: A(x) = x * exp(-x)/LambertW(x * exp(-x)).
a(0) = 1; a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(k-1) * A216857(k) * binomial(n-1,k-1) * a(n-k).
a(n) = (-1)^(n - 1) * Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n, j) * (j - 1)^(j - 1) * j^(n - j). - Peter Luschny, Jan 28 2023
a(n) ~ -(-1)^n * sqrt(1 + LambertW(exp(-1))) * n^(n-1) / (exp(n+1) * LambertW(exp(-1))^n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 28 2023

A273061 Nearest integer to the França-Leclair approximation 2Pi(n - 11/8)/LambertW((n - 11/8)/exp(1)) of the Riemann zeta zeros.

Original entry on oeis.org

15, 21, 25, 30, 34, 37, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59, 62, 64, 67, 70, 72, 75, 77, 80, 82, 85, 87, 90, 92, 94, 97, 99, 101, 103, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163

Offset: 1

Mats Granvik, May 14 2016

nonn

This sequence is also the nearest integer to the n-th point t on the critical line such that Re(zeta(1/2+i*t))=0 and such that Im(zeta(1/2+i*t)) is not equal to zero, when excluding t=0.819545... Verified for the first 10000 cases. See Mathematica program for how to verify this.
Roger Bagula pointed out that the difference between the approximation and the points t, resembles a hyperbola.
Compare this sequence to the Gram points A002505.
The first point t such that Re(zeta(1/2+i*t))=0 and Im(zeta(1/2+i*t)) is not equal to zero, is: t(1)=14.5179196282622336505419642930... while for n=1 the França-Leclair approximation is 14.5213469530656281679750582094... This gives an error of 0.0034273248033... This decreases to 0.0003990193059... by n=10.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000
Guilherme França and André LeClair, A theory for the zeros of Riemann Zeta and other L-functions, arXiv:1407.4358 [math.NT], 2014, formula (163) at page 47.
Mats Granvik, Mathematica program for the iterative formula.
Eric Weisstein, Gram Point.

Cf. A002505, A177885, A135297, A273061, A153815, A282793, A282794, A282896, A282897.

(*The nearest integer to the França-Leclair approximation*)
Round[Table[2*Pi*(n - 11/8)/ProductLog[(n - 11/8)/Exp[1]], {n, 1, 60}]]
(*The nearest integer to t such that Re(zeta(1/2+I*t))=0 while Im(zeta(1/2+I*t))=/0*)
Round[x /. Table[FindRoot[Re[Zeta[1/2 + I*x]] == 0, {x, 2*Pi*Exp[1]*Exp[ProductLog[(n - 11/8)/Exp[1]]]}], {n, 1, 60}]]
Clear[a, n, g]; a[n_] := g /. FindRoot[RiemannSiegelTheta[g] == Pi*(2*n - 1)/2, {g, 2*Pi*Exp[1]*Exp[ProductLog[(n - 11/8)/Exp[1]]]}]; a = Table[Round[a[n]], {n, 0, 60 - 1}] (* after Jean-François Alcover in A002505 *)

a(n)=round(2*Pi*exp(lambertw((n-11/8)/exp(1))+1)) \\ Works for n > 1 on GP 2.8.0; Charles R Greathouse IV, May 15 2016

R = RealField(100)
a = lambda n: R(2*pi*(n - 11/8)/lambert_w((n - 11/8)/exp(1)))
print([a(n).round() for n in (1..60)]) # Peter Luschny, May 19 2016

a(n) = round(2*Pi*(n - 11/8)/LambertW((n - 11/8)/exp(1))).
a(n) = round(2*Pi*exp(1)*exp(LambertW((n - 11/8)/exp(1)))). - Mats Granvik, Feb 27 2017
a(n) = round(2*Pi*exp(1 + LambertW((8*(n - 3/2) + 1)/(8*e)))) after the formula in MathWorld. - Mats Granvik, Feb 25 2017
For c = 1/2 the n-th complementary Gram point x is the fixed point solution to the iterative formula: x = 2*Pi*e*e^LambertW(((x/(2*Pi))*log(x/(2*Pi*e)) - c + n - 1 - RiemannSiegelTheta(x)/Pi)/e). - Mats Granvik, Jul 24 2017

The series tridup^!(x) is the inverse for the substitution of the series tridup(x) (given by A001003), given by the suspension of the Koszul dual of tridup. - Bérénice Delcroix-Oger, May 28 2025

The series wnp^!(x) is the inverse for the substitution of the series wnp(x) (corresponding to A048172), given by the suspension of the Koszul dual of the WithoutNPosets operad. - Bérénice Delcroix-Oger, May 28 2025

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