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The first 5 known Fermat primes from A019434 are in this sequence.

Corresponding values of numbers k(m) = (m-1) / phi(m-2): 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, ...

Conjecture: 4 is the only number m such that 3*phi(m-2) = m-1. (See comment in A203966.)

The first 5 known Fermat primes from A019434 are terms.

Conjecture: also primes p such that 2*phi(p-2) = p-1 (i.e., primes in A232720).

a(7) > 10^25. - Max Alekseyev, Feb 02 2024

No more terms below 10^8; 4294967297 is a term of this sequence.

First 5 terms are Fermat primes (A019434).

Conjecture: next term is 4294967297.

Subsequence of A232720 and A000051.

Sequence is different from A232720 and A000215; A232720(6) = 83623937 and A000215(7) = 18446744073709551617 are not terms of this sequence.

From Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Nov 19 2016: (Start)

Since n-1 is a solution to phi(x)=x/2, it is clear from the formula for phi that x=n-1 is a nontrivial power of two (in A000079 and even). Then y=n-2 is an odd number such that phi(y) is a power of two, and again recalling the formula for phi, this can only happen when y is a product of distinct Fermat primes (y in A045544).

Question: Is the above comment, together with Euler's demonstration that the Fermat number 2^32 + 1 = A000215(5) is composite, enough to prove that A262534 has only these six terms?

With the above observations, we need only search next to powers of two (A000051), so it is quick to determine that there are no terms between 65537 and 4294967297. (End)

From Robert Israel, Dec 08 2016: (Start)

The j-th binary digit (i.e. coefficient of 2^j) of the product of a set of distinct Fermat numbers, say y=Product_{k in T} (2^(2^k)+1), is 1 iff j = Sum_{k in S} 2^k for some subset S of T. In order for x = y+1 to be a power of 2, all of y's binary digits must be 1. Since 2^(2^5)+1 is composite, T cannot contain 5, so digit 32 is 0, and y < 2^32. Thus we do have only these 6 terms. (End)

Conjecture : a(n)=0 if and only if n is a Fermat prime (A019434).

The conjecture appears to be false, a(83623937)=0 and 83623937 is not a Fermat number (A000215). See A232720 for sequence of n such that a(n)=0. - Michel Marcus, Nov 28 2013