cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-4 of 4 results.

A000699 Number of irreducible chord diagrams with 2n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 4, 27, 248, 2830, 38232, 593859, 10401712, 202601898, 4342263000, 101551822350, 2573779506192, 70282204726396, 2057490936366320, 64291032462761955, 2136017303903513184, 75197869250518812754, 2796475872605709079512, 109549714522464120960474, 4509302910783496963256400, 194584224274515194731540740
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Perturbation expansion in quantum field theory: spinor case in 4 spacetime dimensions.
a(n)*2^(-n) is the coefficient of the x^(2*n-1) term in the series reversal of the asymptotic expansion of 2*DawsonF(x) = sqrt(Pi)*exp(-x^2)*erfi(x) for x -> inf. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2016
The September 2018 talk by Noam Zeilberger (see link to video) connects three topics (planar maps, Tamari lattices, lambda calculus) and eight sequences: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 17 2018
A set partition is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the blocks and whose edges are crossing pairs of blocks is connected, where two blocks cross each other if they are of the form {{...x...y...},{...z...t...}} for some x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y. Then a(n) is the number of topologically connected 2-uniform set partitions of {1...2n}. See my links for examples. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 23 2019
From Julien Courtiel, Oct 09 2024: (Start)
a(n) is the number of rooted bridgeless combinatorial maps with n edges (genus is not fixed). A map is bridgeless if it has no edge whose removal disconnects the graph. For example, for n=2, there are 4 bridgeless maps with 2 edges: 2 planar maps with 1 vertex (either two consecutive loops, or two nested loops), 1 toric map with 1 vertex, and 1 planar map with 2 vertices connected by a double edge.
Also, a(n) is the number of trees with n edges equipped with a binary tubing. A tube is a connected subgraph. A binary tubing of a tree is a nested set collection S of tubes such that 1. S contains the tube of all vertices 2. Every tube of S is either reduced to one vertex, or it can be can partitioned by 2 tubes of S.
(End)

Examples

			a(31)=627625976637472254550352492162870816129760 was computed using Kreimer's Hopf algebra of rooted trees. It subsumes 2.6*10^21 terms in quantum field theory.
G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x + x^2 + 4*x^3 + 27*x^4 + 248*x^5 + 2830*x^6 +...
where d/dx (A(x) - 1)^2/x = 1 + 4*x + 27*x^2 + 248*x^3 + 2830*x^4 +...
		

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Sequences mentioned in the Noam Zeilberger 2018 video: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827.
Cf. A004300, A051862, A212273. Column sums of A232223. First column of A322402.

Programs

  • Maple
    A000699 := proc(n)
        option remember;
        if n <= 1 then
            1;
        else
            add((2*i-1)*procname(i)*procname(n-i),i=1..n-1) ;
        end if;
    end proc:
    seq(A000699(n),n=0..30) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jun 12 2018
  • Mathematica
    terms = 22; A[] = 0; Do[A[x] = x + x^2 * D[A[x]^2/x, x] + O[x]^(terms+1) // Normal, terms]; CoefficientList[A[x], x] // Rest (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 06 2012, after Paul D. Hanna, updated Jan 11 2018 *)
    a = ConstantArray[0,20]; a[[1]]=1; Do[a[[n]] = (n-1)*Sum[a[[i]]*a[[n-i]],{i,1,n-1}],{n,2,20}]; a (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 22 2014 *)
    Module[{max = 20, s}, s = InverseSeries[ComplexExpand[Re[Series[2 DawsonF[x], {x, Infinity, 2 max + 1}]]]]; Table[SeriesCoefficient[s, 2 n - 1] 2^n, {n, 1, max}]] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2016 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n)=local(A=1+x*O(x^n)); for(i=1, n, A=1+x+x^2*deriv((A-1)^2/x)+x*O(x^n)); polcoeff(A, n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2010 [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020]
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = my(A); A = 1+O(x) ; for( i=0, n, A = 1+x + (A-1)*(2*x*A' - A + 1)); polcoeff(A, n)}; /* Michael Somos, May 12 2012 [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020] */
    
  • PARI
    seq(N) = {
      my(a = vector(N)); a[1] = 1;
      for (n=2, N, a[n] = sum(k=1, n-1, (2*k-1)*a[k]*a[n-k])); a;
    };
    seq(22)  \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Jan 22 2017
    
  • PARI
    seq(n)={my(g=serlaplace(1 / sqrt(1 - 2*x + O(x*x^n)))); Vec(sqrt((x/serreverse( x*g^2 ))))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 21 2024
    
  • Python
    def A000699_list(n):
        list = [1, 1] + [0] * (n - 1)
        for i in range(2, n + 1):
            list[i] = (i - 1) * sum(list[j] * list[i - j] for j in range(1, i))
        return list
    print(A000699_list(22)) # M. Eren Kesim, Jun 23 2021

Formula

a(n) = (n-1)*Sum_{i=1..n-1} a(i)*a(n-i) for n > 1, with a(1) = a(0) = 1. [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020]
A212273(n) = n * a(n). - Michael Somos, May 12 2012
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = 1 + x + x^2*[d/dx (A(x) - 1)^2/x]. - Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2010 [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020]
a(n) ~ n^n * 2^(n+1/2) / exp(n+1) * (1 - 31/(24*n) - 2207/(1152*n^2) - 3085547/(414720*n^3) - 1842851707/(39813120*n^4) - ...). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 22 2014, extended Oct 23 2017
G.f. A(x) satisfies: 1 = A(x) - x/(A(x) - 2*x/(A(x) - 3*x/(A(x) - 4*x/(A(x) - 5*x/(A(x) - ...))))), a continued fraction relation. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 04 2020
G.f. A(x) satisfies: A(x*B(x)^2) = B(x) where B(x) is the g.f. of A001147. - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 21 2024

Extensions

More terms from David Broadhurst, Dec 14 1999
Inserted "chord" in definition. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 19 2017
Added a(0)=1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 05 2020
Modified formulas slightly to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020

A099947 Number of topologically connected set partitions of {1,...,n}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 85, 385, 1907, 10205, 58455, 355884, 2290536, 15518391, 110283179, 819675482, 6355429550, 51293023347, 430062712439, 3739408304962, 33665192703946, 313354708842791, 3011545611755271, 29847401178719637, 304713973031878687, 3201007359886598431
Offset: 0

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 12 2004

Keywords

Comments

A set partition of {1,...,n} is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the blocks and whose edges are crossing pairs of blocks is connected, where two blocks cross each other if they are of the form {{...x...y...}, {...z...t...}} for some x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2019

Examples

			O.g.f.: A(x) = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + 2*x^4 + 6*x^5 + 21*x^6 + 85*x^7 +...
From _Paul D. Hanna_, Apr 16 2013: (Start)
The o.g.f. satisfies
(1) A(x) = 1 + x/A(x) + 2*x^2/A(x)^2 + 5*x^3/A(x)^3 + 15*x^4/A(x)^4 + 52*x^5/A(x)^5 + 203*x^6/A(x)^6 + ... + A000110(n)*x^n/A(x)^n + ...
(2) A(x) = 1 + x/(A(x)-x) + x^2/((A(x)-x)*(A(x)-2*x)) + x^3/((A(x)-x)*(A(x)-2*x)*(A(x)-3*x)) + x^4/((A(x)-x)*(A(x)-2*x)*(A(x)-3*x)*(A(x)-4*x)) + ... (End)
From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 19 2019: (Start)
The a(1) = 1 through a(6) = 21 topologically connected set partitions:
  {{1}}  {{12}}  {{123}}  {{1234}}    {{12345}}    {{123456}}
                          {{13}{24}}  {{124}{35}}  {{1235}{46}}
                                      {{13}{245}}  {{124}{356}}
                                      {{134}{25}}  {{1245}{36}}
                                      {{135}{24}}  {{1246}{35}}
                                      {{14}{235}}  {{125}{346}}
                                                   {{13}{2456}}
                                                   {{134}{256}}
                                                   {{1345}{26}}
                                                   {{1346}{25}}
                                                   {{135}{246}}
                                                   {{1356}{24}}
                                                   {{136}{245}}
                                                   {{14}{2356}}
                                                   {{145}{236}}
                                                   {{146}{235}}
                                                   {{15}{2346}}
                                                   {{13}{25}{46}}
                                                   {{14}{25}{36}}
                                                   {{14}{26}{35}}
                                                   {{15}{24}{36}}
(End)
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a[0] = 1; a[n_] := Module[{A = 1 + x}, For[i = 1, i <= n, i++, A = Sum[x^m/Product[A - k*x + x*O[x]^n, {k, 1, m}], {m, 0, n}]]; Coefficient[A, x^n]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 24}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 13 2013, after Paul D. Hanna *)
    nn=8;
    nonXQ[stn_]:=!MatchQ[stn,{_,{_,x_,_,y_,_},_,{_,z_,_,t_,_},_}/;x_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]&/@sps[Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
    Solve[Table[BellB[n]==Sum[Product[a[Length[s]],{s,stn}],{stn,Select[sps[Range[n]],nonXQ]}],{n,nn}],Array[a,nn]] (* Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2019 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n)=if(n<0, 0, polcoeff( x/serreverse(x*serlaplace(exp(exp(x+x*O(x^n))-1))), n))} /* Michael Somos, Sep 22 2005 */
    
  • PARI
    {a(n)=local(A=1+x); for(i=1, n, A=sum(m=0, n, x^m/prod(k=1, m, A - k*x +x*O(x^n)) )); polcoeff(A, n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Apr 16 2013

Formula

From Paul D. Hanna, Apr 16 2013: (Start)
O.g.f. A(x) satisfies
(1) A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} A000110(n)*x^n/A(x)^n, where A000110 are the Bell numbers.
(2) A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n / Product_{k=1..n} (A(x) - k*x).
(3) A(x) = 1/(1 - x/(A(x) - 1*x/(1 - x/(A(x) - 2*x/(1 - x/(A(x) - 3*x/(1 - x/(A(x) - 4*x/(1 - x/(A(x) - ... )))))))))), a continued fraction. (End)
B(n) = Sum_p Product_{s in p} a(|s|) where p is a non-crossing set partition of {1,...,n} and B = A000110. In words, every set partition of {1,...,n} can be uniquely decomposed as a non-crossing set partition together with a topologically connected set partition of each block. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2019

Extensions

Name edited by Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2019

A268814 Number of purely crossing partitions of [n].

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 5, 14, 62, 298, 1494, 8140, 47146, 289250, 1873304, 12756416, 91062073, 679616480, 5290206513, 42858740990, 360686972473, 3147670023632, 28439719809159, 265647698228954, 2561823514680235, 25475177517626196, 260922963832247729, 2749617210928715246
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Michel Marcus, Feb 14 2016

Keywords

Comments

For the definition of a purely crossing partition refer to Dykema link (see PC(n) Definition 1.2 and Table 2).
From Gus Wiseman, Feb 23 2019: (Start)
For n >= 1, a set partition of {1,...,n} is purely crossing if it is topologically connected (A099947), has no successive elements in the same block (A000110(n - 1)), and the first and last vertices belong to different blocks (A005493(n - 2)). For example, the a(4) = 1, a(6) = 5, and a(7) = 14 purely crossing set partitions are:
{{13}{24}} {{135}{246}} {{13}{246}{57}}
{{13}{25}{46}} {{13}{257}{46}}
{{14}{25}{36}} {{135}{26}{47}}
{{14}{26}{35}} {{135}{27}{46}}
{{15}{24}{36}} {{136}{24}{57}}
{{136}{25}{47}}
{{14}{257}{36}}
{{14}{26}{357}}
{{146}{25}{37}}
{{146}{27}{35}}
{{15}{246}{37}}
{{15}{247}{36}}
{{16}{24}{357}}
{{16}{247}{35}}
(End)

Examples

			G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x^4 + 5*x^6 + 14*x^7 + 62*x^8 + 298*x^9 + 1494*x^10 + 8140*x^11 + 47146*x^12 +...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    n = 30; F = x*Sum[BellB[k] x^k, {k, 0, n}] + O[x]^n; B = ComposeSeries[1/( InverseSeries[F, w]/w)-1, x/(1+x) + O[x]^n]; A = (B-x)/(1+x); Join[{1}, CoefficientList[A, x] // Rest] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 23 2016, adapted from K. J. Dykema's code *)
    intvQ[set_]:=Or[set=={},Sort[set]==Range[Min@@set,Max@@set]];
    sps[{}]:={{}};sps[set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]&/@sps[Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
    Table[Length[Select[sps[Range[n]],And[!MatchQ[#,{_,{_,x_,y_,_},_}/;x+1==y],#=={}||And@@Not/@intvQ/@Union@@@Subsets[#,{1,Length[#]-1}],#=={}||Position[#,1][[1,1]]!=Position[#,n][[1,1]]]&]],{n,0,10}] (* Gus Wiseman, Feb 23 2019 *)
  • PARI
    lista(nn) = {c = x/serreverse(x*serlaplace(exp(exp(x+x*O(x^nn)) -1))); b = subst(c, x, x/(1+x)+ O(x^nn)); vb = Vec(b-1); va = vector(#vb); va[1] = 0; va[2] = 0; for (k=3, #va, va[k] = vb[k] - va[k-1]; ); concat(1, va); }
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = my(A=1+x^3); for(i=1, n, A = sum(m=0, n, x^m/prod(k=1, m, (1+x)^2*A - k*x +x*O(x^n)) )/(1+x) ); polcoeff( A, n)}
    for(n=0,35,print1(a(n),", ")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Mar 07 2016
    
  • PARI
    {Stirling2(n, k) = n!*polcoeff(((exp(x+x*O(x^n)) - 1)^k)/k!, n)}
    {Bell(n) = sum(k=0,n, Stirling2(n, k) )}
    {a(n) = my(A=1+x); for(i=1, n, A = sum(m=0, n, Bell(m)*x^m/((1+x +x*O(x^n))^(2*m+1)*A^m)) ); polcoeff(A, n)}
    for(n=0,25,print1(a(n),", ")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Mar 07 2016

Formula

G.f.: G(x) satisfies B(x) = x + (1 + x)*G(x) where B(x) is the g.f. of A268815 (see A(x) in Dykema link p. 7).
From Paul D. Hanna, Mar 07 2016: (Start)
O.g.f. A(x) satisfies:
(1) A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} A000110(n)*x^n / ((1+x)^(2*n+1) * A(x)^n), where A000110 are the Bell numbers.
(2) A(x) = 1/(1+x) * Sum_{n>=0} x^n / Product_{k=1..n} ((1+x)^2*A(x) - k*x).
(3) A(x) = 1/(1+x - x/((1+x)*A(x) - 1*x/(1+x - x/((1+x)*A(x) - 2*x/(1+x - x/((1+x)*A(x) - 3*x/(1+x - x/((1+x)*A(x) - 4*x/(1+x - x/((1+x)*A(x) -...)))))))))), a continued fraction. (End)

A324323 Regular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of topologically connected set partitions of {1,...,n} with k blocks, 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 16, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 42, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 99, 258, 27, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 219, 1222, 465, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Feb 22 2019

Keywords

Comments

A set partition of {1,...,n} is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the blocks and whose edges are crossing pairs of blocks is connected, where two blocks cross each other if they are of the form {{...x...y...},{...z...t...}} for some x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
    1
    0    1
    0    1    0
    0    1    0    0
    0    1    1    0    0
    0    1    5    0    0    0
    0    1   16    4    0    0    0
    0    1   42   42    0    0    0    0
    0    1   99  258   27    0    0    0    0
    0    1  219 1222  465    0    0    0    0    0
Row n = 6 counts the following set partitions:
  {{123456}}  {{1235}{46}}  {{13}{25}{46}}
              {{124}{356}}  {{14}{25}{36}}
              {{1245}{36}}  {{14}{26}{35}}
              {{1246}{35}}  {{15}{24}{36}}
              {{125}{346}}
              {{13}{2456}}
              {{134}{256}}
              {{1345}{26}}
              {{1346}{25}}
              {{135}{246}}
              {{1356}{24}}
              {{136}{245}}
              {{14}{2356}}
              {{145}{236}}
              {{146}{235}}
              {{15}{2346}}
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    croXQ[stn_]:=MatchQ[stn,{_,{_,x_,_,y_,_},_,{_,z_,_,t_,_},_}/;x0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    crosscmpts[stn_]:=csm[Union[Subsets[stn,{1}],Select[Subsets[stn,{2}],croXQ]]];
    sps[{}]:={{}};sps[set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]&/@sps[Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
    Table[Length[Select[sps[Range[n]],Length[crosscmpts[#]]<=1&&Length[#]==k&]],{n,0,6},{k,0,n}]
Showing 1-4 of 4 results.