cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A372173 Irregular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices with exactly k triangles, 0 <= k <= binomial(n,3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 0, 1, 7, 5, 4, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 24, 16, 23, 12, 15, 8, 7, 4, 4, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 69, 79, 113, 103, 105, 83, 73, 58, 45, 34, 31, 22, 14, 16, 10, 4, 8, 5, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 23 2024

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1
  0
  1
  1 1
  4 1 1 0 1
  7 5 4 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 1
		

Crossrefs

Row sums are A002494, labeled A006129.
Row lengths are A050407.
The non-covering version is A263340, labeled A372170.
Counting edges instead of triangles gives A370167, labeled A054548.
The labeled version is A372167.
Column k = 0 is A372169, labeled A372168 (non-covering A213434).
Column k = 1 is A372174, labeled A372171.
Column k = 1 is also the covering case of A372194, labeled A372172.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A372176 counts labeled graphs by directed cycles, covering A372175.

Extensions

a(21) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 29 2024

A105784 Number of different forests of unrooted trees, without isolated vertices, on n labeled nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 19, 155, 1641, 21427, 334377, 6085683, 126745435, 2975448641, 77779634571, 2241339267037, 70604384569005, 2414086713172695, 89049201691604881, 3525160713653081279, 149075374211881719939, 6707440248292609651513, 319946143503599791200675
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Washington Bomfim, Apr 21 2005

Keywords

Comments

Number of labeled acyclic graphs covering n vertices. The unlabeled version is A144958. This is the covering case A001858. The connected case is A000272. - Gus Wiseman, Apr 28 2024

Examples

			a(4) = 19 because there are 19 different such forests on 4 labeled nodes: 4^2 are trees, 3 have two trees and none can have more than two trees.
From _Gus Wiseman_, Apr 28 2024: (Start)
Edge-sets of the a(2) = 1 through a(4) = 19 forests:
    12    12,13    12,34
          12,23    13,24
          13,23    14,23
                   12,13,14
                   12,13,24
                   12,13,34
                   12,14,23
                   12,14,34
                   12,23,24
                   12,23,34
                   12,24,34
                   13,14,23
                   13,14,24
                   13,23,24
                   13,23,34
                   13,24,34
                   14,23,24
                   14,23,34
                   14,24,34
(End)
		

Crossrefs

The connected case is A000272, rooted A000169.
This is the covering case of A001858, unlabeled A005195.
The unlabeled version is A144958.
For triangles instead of cycles we have A372168, covering case of A213434.
For a unique cycle we have A372195, covering case of A372193.
A002807 counts cycles in a complete graph.
A006125 counts simple graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A372170 counts simple graphs by triangles, covering A372167.

Programs

  • Maple
    b:= n-> add(add(binomial(m, j) *binomial(n-1, n-m-j)
            *n^(n-m-j) *(m+j)!/ (-2)^j, j=0..m)/m!, m=0..n):
    a:= n-> add(b(k) *(-1)^(n-k) *binomial(n, k), k=0..n):
    seq(a(n), n=1..17);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 10 2008
  • Mathematica
    Unprotect[Power]; 0^0 = 1; b[n_] := Sum[Sum[Binomial[m, j]*Binomial[n-1, n -m-j]*n^(n-m-j)*(m+j)!/(-2)^j, {j, 0, m}]/m!, {m, 0, n}]; a[n_] := Sum[ b[k]*(-1)^(n-k)*Binomial[n, k], {k, 0, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 17}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 08 2016, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Formula

a(n)= sum N/D over all the partitions of n: 1K1 + 2K2 + ... + nKn, with smallest part greater than 1, where N = n!*Product_{i=1..n}i^((i-2)Ki) and D = Product_{i=1..n}(Ki!(i!)^Ki).
Inverse binomial transform of A001858. E.g.f.: exp(-x-LambertW(-x) -LambertW(-x)^2/2). - Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 22 2005
a(n) ~ exp(-exp(-1)+1/2) * n^(n-2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 16 2013

A372168 Number of triangle-free simple labeled graphs covering n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 3, 22, 237, 3961, 99900, 3757153, 208571691, 16945953790, 1999844518737, 340422874696873, 83041703920313712, 28850117307732482737, 14191512425207950473867, 9829313296102303971441502
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 23 2024

Keywords

Comments

The unlabeled version is A372169.

Examples

			The a(4) = 22 graphs are:
  12-34
  13-24
  14-23
  12-13-14
  12-13-24
  12-13-34
  12-14-23
  12-14-34
  12-23-24
  12-23-34
  12-24-34
  13-14-23
  13-14-24
  13-23-24
  13-23-34
  13-24-34
  14-23-24
  14-23-34
  14-24-34
  12-13-24-34
  12-14-23-34
  13-14-23-24
		

Crossrefs

Dominated by A006129, unlabeled A002494.
For all cycles (not just triangles) we have A105784, unlabeled A144958.
Covering case of A213434 (column k = 0 of A372170, unlabeled A263340).
The connected case is A345218, unlabeled A024607.
Column k = 0 of A372167, unlabeled A372173.
The unlabeled version is A372169.
For a unique triangle we have A372171, non-covering A372172.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A054548 counts covering graphs by number of edges, unlabeled A370167.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    cys[y_]:=Select[Subsets[Union@@y,{3}],MemberQ[y,{#[[1]],#[[2]]}] && MemberQ[y,{#[[1]],#[[3]]}] && MemberQ[y,{#[[2]],#[[3]]}]&];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[cys[#]]==0&]],{n,0,5}]

Formula

Binomial transform is A213434.

A372172 Number of labeled simple graphs on n vertices with exactly one triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 16, 290, 6980, 235270, 11298056, 777154308, 76560083040
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 24 2024

Keywords

Comments

The unlabeled version is A372194.

Examples

			The a(4) = 16 graphs:
  12,13,23
  12,14,24
  13,14,34
  23,24,34
  12,13,14,23
  12,13,14,24
  12,13,14,34
  12,13,23,24
  12,13,23,34
  12,14,23,24
  12,14,24,34
  12,23,24,34
  13,14,23,34
  13,14,24,34
  13,23,24,34
  14,23,24,34
		

Crossrefs

For no triangles we have A213434, covering A372168 (unlabeled A372169).
Column k = 1 of A372170, unlabeled A263340.
The covering case is A372171, unlabeled A372174.
For all cycles (not just triangles) we have A372193, covering A372195.
The unlabeled version is A372194.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A006125 counts simple graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494
A054548 counts labeled covering graphs by edges, unlabeled A370167.
A372167 counts covering graphs by triangles, unlabeled A372173.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    cys[y_]:=Select[Subsets[Union@@y,{3}],MemberQ[y,{#[[1]],#[[2]]}] && MemberQ[y,{#[[1]],#[[3]]}] && MemberQ[y,{#[[2]],#[[3]]}]&];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]], Length[cys[#]]==1&]],{n,0,5}]

Formula

Binomial transform of A372171.

Extensions

a(8)-a(10) from Andrew Howroyd, Aug 01 2024

A372174 Number of unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices with a unique triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 5, 16, 79, 424, 3098, 28616
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 24 2024

Keywords

Comments

The labeled version is A372171.

Crossrefs

The non-covering version is column k = 1 of A263340, labeled A372170.
Case of A370167 with a unique triangle, labeled A054548.
For no triangles we have A372169, labeled A372168 (non-covering A213434).
The labeled version is A372171, column k = 1 of A372167.
Column k = 1 of A372173, labeled A372167.
For cycles (not just triangles) we have A372191, labeled A372195.
The non-covering version is A372194, labeled A372172.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A002494 counts unlabeled covering graphs, labeled A006129.
A372176 counts labeled graphs by directed cycles, covering A372175.

Formula

First differences of A372194.

A372193 Number of labeled simple graphs on n vertices with a unique cycle of length > 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 19, 317, 5582, 108244, 2331108, 55636986, 1463717784, 42182876763, 1323539651164, 44955519539963, 1644461582317560, 64481138409909506, 2698923588248208224, 120133276796015812548, 5667351458582453925696, 282496750694780020437765, 14837506263979393796687088
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 25 2024

Keywords

Comments

An undirected cycle in a graph is a sequence of distinct vertices, up to rotation and reversal, such that there are edges between all consecutive elements, including the last and the first.

Examples

			The a(4) = 19 graphs:
  12,13,23
  12,14,24
  13,14,34
  23,24,34
  12,13,14,23
  12,13,14,24
  12,13,14,34
  12,13,23,24
  12,13,23,34
  12,13,24,34
  12,14,23,24
  12,14,23,34
  12,14,24,34
  12,23,24,34
  13,14,23,24
  13,14,23,34
  13,14,24,34
  13,23,24,34
  14,23,24,34
		

Crossrefs

For no cycles we have A001858 (covering A105784), unlabeled A005195 (covering A144958).
Counting triangles instead of cycles gives A372172 (non-covering A372171), unlabeled A372194 (non-covering A372174).
The unlabeled version is A236570, non-covering A372191.
The covering case is A372195, column k = 1 of A372175.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A002807 counts cycles in a complete graph.
A006129 counts labeled graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A372167 counts graphs by triangles, non-covering A372170.
A372173 counts unlabeled graphs by triangles, non-covering A263340.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    cyc[y_]:=Select[Join@@Table[Select[Join@@Permutations /@ Subsets[Union@@y,{k}],And @@ Table[MemberQ[Sort/@y,Sort[{#[[i]],#[[If[i==k,1,i+1]]]}]],{i,k}]&], {k,3,Length[y]}],Min@@#==First[#]&];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]], Length[cyc[#]]==2&]],{n,0,5}]
  • PARI
    seq(n)={my(w=lambertw(-x+O(x*x^n))); Vec(serlaplace(exp(-w-w^2/2)*(-log(1+w)/2 + w/2 - w^2/4)), -n-1)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jul 31 2024

Formula

E.g.f.: B(x)*C(x) where B(x) is the e.g.f. of A057500 and C(x) is the e.g.f. of A001858. - Andrew Howroyd, Jul 31 2024

Extensions

a(7) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Jul 31 2024

A372195 Number of labeled simple graphs covering n vertices with a unique undirected cycle of length > 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 15, 232, 3945, 75197, 1604974, 38122542, 1000354710, 28790664534, 902783451933, 30658102047787, 1121532291098765, 43985781899812395, 1841621373756094796, 82002075703514947236, 3869941339069299799884, 192976569550677042208068, 10139553075163838030949495
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 25 2024

Keywords

Comments

An undirected cycle in a graph is a sequence of distinct vertices, up to rotation and reversal, such that there are edges between all consecutive elements, including the last and the first.

Examples

			The a(4) = 15 graphs:
  12,13,14,23
  12,13,14,24
  12,13,14,34
  12,13,23,24
  12,13,23,34
  12,13,24,34
  12,14,23,24
  12,14,23,34
  12,14,24,34
  12,23,24,34
  13,14,23,24
  13,14,23,34
  13,14,24,34
  13,23,24,34
  14,23,24,34
		

Crossrefs

For no cycles we have A105784 (for triangles A372168, non-covering A213434), unlabeled A144958 (for triangles A372169).
Counting triangles instead of cycles gives A372171 (non-covering A372172), unlabeled A372174 (non-covering A372194).
The unlabeled version is A372191, non-covering A236570.
The non-covering version is A372193, column k = 1 of A372176.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A002807 counts cycles in a complete graph.
A006129 counts labeled graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
A372167 counts covering graphs by triangles (non-covering A372170), unlabeled A372173 (non-covering A263340).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    cyc[y_]:=Select[Join@@Table[Select[Join@@Permutations/@Subsets[Union@@y,{k}],And@@Table[MemberQ[Sort/@y,Sort[{#[[i]],#[[If[i==k,1,i+1]]]}]],{i,k}]&],{k,3,Length[y]}],Min@@#==First[#]&];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[cyc[#]]==2&]],{n,0,5}]
  • PARI
    seq(n)={my(w=lambertw(-x+O(x*x^n))); Vec(serlaplace(exp(-w-w^2/2-x)*(-log(1+w)/2 + w/2 - w^2/4)), -n-1)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jul 31 2024

Formula

Inverse binomial transform of A372193. - Andrew Howroyd, Jul 31 2024

Extensions

a(7) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Jul 31 2024

A372175 Irregular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of labeled simple graphs covering n vertices with exactly 2k directed cycles of length > 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 19, 15, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 1, 155, 232, 15, 190, 0, 0, 70, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 30, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 24 2024

Keywords

Comments

A directed cycle in a simple (undirected) graph is a sequence of distinct vertices, up to rotation, such that there are edges between all consecutive elements, including the last and the first.

Examples

			Triangle begins (zeros shown as dots):
  1
  .
  1
  3 1
  19 15 . 6 ... 1
  155 232 15 190 .. 70 50 .... 30 15 .......... 10 .............. 1
Row n = 4 counts the following graphs:
  12,34     12,13,14,23  .  12,13,14,23,24  .  .  .  12,13,14,23,24,34
  13,24     12,13,14,24     12,13,14,23,34
  14,23     12,13,14,34     12,13,14,24,34
  12,13,14  12,13,23,24     12,13,23,24,34
  12,13,24  12,13,23,34     12,14,23,24,34
  12,13,34  12,13,24,34     13,14,23,24,34
  12,14,23  12,14,23,24
  12,14,34  12,14,23,34
  12,23,24  12,14,24,34
  12,23,34  12,23,24,34
  12,24,34  13,14,23,24
  13,14,23  13,14,23,34
  13,14,24  13,14,24,34
  13,23,24  13,23,24,34
  13,23,34  14,23,24,34
  13,24,34
  14,23,24
  14,23,34
  14,24,34
		

Crossrefs

Row lengths are A002807 + 1.
Row sums are A006129, unlabeled A002494.
Column k = 0 is A105784 (for triangles A372168, non-covering A213434), unlabeled A144958 (for triangles A372169).
Counting triangles instead of cycles gives A372167 (non-covering A372170), unlabeled A372173 (non-covering A263340).
The non-covering version is A372176.
Column k = 1 is A372195 (non-covering A372193, for triangles A372171), unlabeled A372191 (non-covering A236570, for triangles A372174).
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    cycles[g_]:=Join@@Table[Select[Join@@Permutations /@ Subsets[Union@@g,{k}],Min@@#==First[#]&&And@@Table[MemberQ[Sort/@g,Sort[{#[[i]], #[[If[i==k,1,i+1]]]}]],{i,k}]&],{k,3,Length[g]}];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]], Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[cycles[#]]==2k&]], {n,0,5},{k,0,Length[cycles[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]]]/2}]

A372194 Number of unlabeled graphs with n vertices and a unique triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 7, 23, 102, 526, 3624, 32240, 382095, 5986945
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Apr 24 2024

Keywords

Comments

The labeled version is A372172.

Examples

			Representatives of the a(3) = 1 through a(6) = 23 graphs:
    12,13,23    12,13,23       12,13,23             12,13,23
                14,23,24,34    12,34,35,45          12,34,35,45
                               14,23,24,34          14,23,24,34
                               12,25,34,35,45       12,25,34,35,45
                               14,25,34,35,45       12,36,45,46,56
                               15,25,34,35,45       13,23,45,46,56
                               12,14,25,34,35,45    14,25,34,35,45
                                                    15,25,34,35,45
                                                    12,14,25,34,35,45
                                                    12,23,36,45,46,56
                                                    13,23,36,45,46,56
                                                    13,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    13,26,36,45,46,56
                                                    14,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    15,26,36,45,46,56
                                                    16,26,36,45,46,56
                                                    12,13,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    12,13,26,36,45,46,56
                                                    13,23,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    14,23,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    16,23,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    13,14,23,25,36,45,46,56
                                                    13,15,23,25,36,45,46,56
		

Crossrefs

For no triangles we have A006785, covering A372169.
Column k = 1 of A263340, covering A372173.
The labeled version is A372172.
The covering case is A372174, labeled A372171.
For all cycles (not just triangles): A236570, A372193, A372191, A372195.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001858 counts acyclic graphs, unlabeled A005195.
A002494 counts unlabeled covering graphs, labeled A006129.
A372176 counts labeled graphs by directed cycles, covering A372175.

Programs

Formula

First differences are A372174.

Extensions

a(11)-a(12) added by Georg Grasegger, Aug 03 2024

A136605 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of forests on n unlabeled nodes with k edges (n>=1, 0<=k<=n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 4, 6, 6, 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 11, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 23, 23, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 29, 46, 47, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 60, 99, 106, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 33, 66, 128, 216, 235, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 34, 69, 143, 284, 488, 551, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 34, 70, 149, 315, 636, 1121, 1301
Offset: 1

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, May 09 2008

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1
1,1
1,1,1
1,1,2,2
1,1,2,3,3
1,1,2,4,6,6 <- T(6,3) = 4 forests on 6 nodes with 3 edges.
1,1,2,4,7,11,11
1,1,2,4,8,14,23,23
1,1,2,4,8,15,29,46,47
1,1,2,4,8,16,32,60,99,106
1,1,2,4,8,16,33,66,128,216,235
1,1,2,4,8,16,34,69,143,284,488,551
1,1,2,4,8,16,34,70,149,315,636,1121,1301
1,1,2,4,8,16,34,71,152,330,710,1467,2644,3159
		

References

  • F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, pp. 58-59.

Crossrefs

Row sums give A005195. Rightmost diagonal gives A000055. Cf. A001858, A138464.
Rows converge to A215930. Reflected table is A095133. - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 11 2014

Programs

  • Maple
    with(numtheory):
    b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<=1, n, (add(add(
          d*b(d), d=divisors(j)) *b(n-j), j=1..n-1))/ (n-1))
        end:
    t:= n-> `if`(n=0, 1, b(n)-(add(b(k)*b(n-k), k=0..n)-
            `if`(irem(n, 2)=0, b(n/2), 0))/2):
    g:= proc(n, i) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1,
          `if`(i<1, 0, expand(add(binomial(t(i)+j-1, j)*
           g(n-i*j, i-1)*x^j, j=0..n/i))))
        end:
    T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, n-i), i=0..n-1))(g(n$2)):
    seq(T(n), n=1..14);  # Alois P. Heinz, Apr 11 2014
  • Mathematica
    b[n_] := b[n] = If[n <= 1, n, (Sum[Sum[d*b[d], {d, Divisors[j]}]*b[n-j], {j, 1, n-1}])/(n-1)]; t[n_] := If[n == 0, 1, b[n] - (Sum[b[k]*b[n-k], {k, 0, n}] - If[Mod[n, 2] == 0, b[n/2], 0])/2]; g[n_, i_] := g[n, i] = If[n == 0, 1, If[i < 1, 0, Expand[Sum[Binomial[t[i] + j - 1, j]*g[n - i*j, i-1]*x^j, {j, 0, n/i}]]]]; T[n_] := CoefficientList[g[n, n], x] // Reverse // Most; Table[T[n], {n, 1, 14}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 16 2014, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Formula

G.f.: Product_{k>=1} 1/(1 - y^(k-1)*x^k)^A000055(k). - Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 10 2014
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