A111924 -id:A111924 - cp's OEIS frontend

A368836 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled loop-graphs on up to n vertices with k loops and n-k non-loops.

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 6, 6, 2, 1, 6, 17, 18, 8, 2, 1, 21, 52, 58, 30, 9, 2, 1, 65, 173, 191, 107, 37, 9, 2, 1, 221, 585, 666, 393, 148, 39, 9, 2, 1, 771, 2064, 2383, 1493, 589, 168, 40, 9, 2, 1, 2769, 7520, 8847, 5765, 2418, 718, 176, 40, 9, 2, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 11 2024

Are the row sums the same as column k = 1 (shifted left)?

Yes. When k = 1 there is one loop. Remove the vertex with the loop and add loops to its neighbors. This process is reversible so there is a bijection. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 13 2024

			Triangle begins:
   1
   0  1
   0  1  1
   1  2  2  1
   2  6  6  2  1
   6 17 18  8  2  1
  21 52 58 30  9  2  1
Representatives of the loop-graphs counted by row n = 4:
  {12}{13}{14}{23} {1}{12}{13}{14} {1}{2}{12}{13} {1}{2}{3}{12} {1}{2}{3}{4}
  {12}{13}{24}{34} {1}{12}{13}{23} {1}{2}{12}{34} {1}{2}{3}{14}
                   {1}{12}{13}{24} {1}{2}{13}{14}
                   {1}{12}{23}{24} {1}{2}{13}{23}
                   {1}{12}{23}{34} {1}{2}{13}{24}
                   {1}{23}{24}{34} {1}{2}{13}{34}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (rows 0..50)

Column k = 0 is A001434.
Row sums are A368598.
The labeled version is A368928.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A014068 counts loop-graphs, unlabeled A000666.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
Cf. A000272, A007717, A062740, A322661, A333331, A368596, A368730, A368835.

brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{(Union@@m)[[i]],p[[i]]},{i,Length[p]}])], {p,Permutations[Range[Length[Union@@m]]]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute /@ Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}],{n}],Count[#,{_}]==k&]]], {n,0,4},{k,0,n}]

permcount(v) = {my(m=1, s=0, k=0, t); for(i=1, #v, t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1], k+1, 1); m*=t*k; s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v, t) = {prod(i=2, #v, prod(j=1, i-1, my(g=gcd(v[i], v[j])); t(v[i]*v[j]/g)^g )) * prod(i=1, #v, my(c=v[i]); t(c)^((c-1)\2)*if(c%2, 1, t(c/2)))}
row(n) = {my(s=0, A=1+O(x*x^n)); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p) * polcoef(edges(p, i->A + x^i)*prod(i=1, #p, A + (x*y)^p[i]), n)); Vecrev(s/n!)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 13 2024

a(28) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 13 2024

A369200 Number of unlabeled loop-graphs covering n vertices such that it is possible to choose a different vertex from each edge (choosable).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 7, 18, 43, 112, 282, 740, 1940, 5182, 13916, 37826, 103391, 284815, 788636, 2195414, 6137025, 17223354, 48495640, 136961527, 387819558, 1100757411, 3130895452, 8922294498, 25470279123, 72823983735, 208515456498, 597824919725, 1716072103910, 4931540188084

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 23 2024

nonn

These are covering loop-graphs with at most one cycle (unicyclic) in each connected component.

			Representatives of the a(1) = 1 through a(4) = 18 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  {{1}}  {{1,2}}      {{1},{2,3}}          {{1,2},{3,4}}
         {{1},{2}}    {{1,2},{1,3}}        {{1},{2},{3,4}}
         {{1},{1,2}}  {{1},{2},{3}}        {{1},{1,2},{3,4}}
                      {{1},{2},{1,3}}      {{1},{2,3},{2,4}}
                      {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}    {{1},{2},{3},{4}}
                      {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}    {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4}}
                      {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,4}}
                                           {{1},{2},{3},{1,4}}
                                           {{1},{2},{1,3},{1,4}}
                                           {{1},{2},{1,3},{2,4}}
                                           {{1},{2},{1,3},{3,4}}
                                           {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{1,4}}
                                           {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{2,4}}
                                           {{1},{1,2},{2,3},{2,4}}
                                           {{1},{1,2},{2,3},{3,4}}
                                           {{1},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
                                           {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3}}
                                           {{1,2},{1,3},{2,4},{3,4}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500

Without the choice condition we have A322700, labeled A322661.
Without loops we have A368834, covering case of A134964.
For exactly n edges we have A368984, labeled A333331 (maybe).
The labeled version is A369140, covering case of A368927.
The labeled complement is A369142, covering case of A369141.
This is the covering case of A369145.
The complement is counted by A369147, covering case of A369146.
The complement without loops is A369202, covering case of A140637.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A000666 counts unlabeled loop-graphs, labeled A006125 (shifted left).
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A007716 counts non-isomorphic multiset partitions, connected A007718.
A129271 counts connected choosable simple graphs, unlabeled A005703.
A133686 counts choosable labeled graphs, covering A367869.
Cf. A000088, A000612, A006649, A014068, A055621, A137916, A137917, A368835, A369194, A369199.

brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{(Union@@m)[[i]],p[[i]]},{i,Length[p]}])], {p,Permutations[Range[Length[Union@@m]]]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute /@ Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}]], Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]]!=0&]]],{n,0,4}]

First differences of A369145.

Euler transform of A369289 with A369289(1) = 1. - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

a(7) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A176230 Exponential Riordan array [1/sqrt(1-2x), x/(1-2x)].

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 3, 6, 1, 15, 45, 15, 1, 105, 420, 210, 28, 1, 945, 4725, 3150, 630, 45, 1, 10395, 62370, 51975, 13860, 1485, 66, 1, 135135, 945945, 945945, 315315, 45045, 3003, 91, 1, 2027025, 16216200, 18918900, 7567560, 1351350, 120120, 5460, 120, 1, 34459425

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Apr 12 2010

Row sums are A066223. Reverse of A119743. Inverse is alternating sign version.
Diagonal sums are essentially A025164.
From Tom Copeland, Dec 13 2015: (Start)
See A099174 for relations to the Hermite polynomials and the link for operator relations, including the infinitesimal generator containing A000384.
Row polynomials are 2^n n! Lag(n,-x/2,-1/2), where Lag(n,x,q) is the associated Laguerre polynomial of order q.
The triangles of Bessel numbers entries A122848, A049403, A096713, A104556 contain these polynomials as even or odd rows. Also the aerated version A099174 and A066325. Reversed, these entries are A100861, A144299, A111924.
Divided along the diagonals by the initial element (A001147) of the diagonal, this matrix becomes the even rows of A034839.
(End)
The first few rows appear in expansions related to the Dedekind eta function on pp. 537-538 of the Chan et al. link. - Tom Copeland, Dec 14 2016

			Triangle begins
        1,
        1,        1,
        3,        6,        1,
       15,       45,       15,       1,
      105,      420,      210,      28,       1,
      945,     4725,     3150,     630,      45,      1,
    10395,    62370,    51975,   13860,    1485,     66,    1,
   135135,   945945,   945945,  315315,   45045,   3003,   91,   1,
  2027025, 16216200, 18918900, 7567560, 1351350, 120120, 5460, 120, 1
Production matrix is
  1,  1,
  2,  5,  1,
  0, 12,  9,  1,
  0,  0, 30, 13,  1,
  0,  0,  0, 56, 17,   1,
  0,  0,  0,  0, 90,  21,   1,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 132,  25,   1,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,   0, 182,  29,  1,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,   0,   0, 240, 33, 1.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for the first 50 rows, flattened
Peter Bala, Generalized Dobinski formulas
H. Chan, S. Cooper, and P. Toh, The 26th power of Dedekind's eta function Advances in Mathematics, 207 (2006) 532-543.
Tom Copeland, Infinitesimal Generators, the Pascal Pyramid, and the Witt and Virasoro Algebras, 2012.
Tom Copeland, Juggling Zeros in the Matrix (Example II), 2020.

Cf. A113278.

Cf. A000384, A001147, A034839, A049403, A066325, A096713, A099174, A100861, A104556, A111924, A122848, A144299.

ser := n -> series(KummerU(-n, 1/2, x), x, n+1):
seq(seq((-2)^(n-k)*coeff(ser(n), x, k), k=0..n), n=0..8); # Peter Luschny, Jan 18 2020

t[n_, k_] := k!*Binomial[n, k]/((2 k - n)!*2^(n - k)); u[n_, k_] := t[2 n, k + n]; Table[ u[n, k], {n, 0, 8}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 14 2011 *)

Number triangle T(n,k) = (2n)!/((2k)!(n-k)!2^(n-k)).
T(n,k) = A122848(2n,k+n). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 14 2011
[x^(1/2)(1+2D)]^2 p(n,x)= p(n+1,x) and [D/(1+2D)]p(n,x)= n p(n-1,x) for the row polynomials of T, with D=d/dx. - Tom Copeland, Dec 26 2012
E.g.f.: exp[t*x/(1-2x)]/(1-2x)^(1/2). - Tom Copeland , Dec 10 2013
The n-th row polynomial R(n,x) is given by the type B Dobinski formula R(n,x) = exp(-x/2)*Sum_{k>=0} (2*k+1)*(2*k+3)*...*(2*k+1+2*(n-1))*(x/2)^k/k!. Cf. A113278. - Peter Bala, Jun 23 2014
The raising operator in my 2012 formula expanded is R = [x^(1/2)(1+2D)]^2 = 1 + x + (2 + 4x) D + 4x D^2, which in matrix form acting on an o.g.f. (formal power series) is the transpose of the production array below. The linear term x is the diagonal of ones after transposition. The main diagonal comes from (1 + 4xD) x^n = (1 + 4n) x^n. The last diagonal comes from (2 D + 4 x D^2) x^n = (2 + 4 xD) D x^n = n * (2 + 4(n-1)) x^(n-1). - Tom Copeland, Dec 13 2015
T(n, k) = (-2)^(n-k)*[x^k] KummerU(-n, 1/2, x). - Peter Luschny, Jan 18 2020

A368926 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled loop-graphs on n vertices with k loops and n-k non-loops such that it is possible to choose a different element from each edge.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 1, 1, 5, 12, 7, 3, 1, 1, 14, 29, 19, 8, 3, 1, 1, 35, 75, 47, 21, 8, 3, 1, 1, 97, 191, 127, 54, 22, 8, 3, 1, 1, 264, 504, 331, 149, 56, 22, 8, 3, 1, 1, 733, 1339, 895, 395, 156, 57, 22, 8, 3, 1, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 13 2024

Also the number of unlabeled loop-graphs covering n vertices with k loops and n-k non-loops such that each connected component has the same number of edges as vertices.

			Triangle begins:
   1
   0  1
   0  1  1
   1  2  1  1
   2  5  3  1  1
   5 12  7  3  1  1
  14 29 19  8  3  1  1
  35 75 47 21  8  3  1  1

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (rows 0..50)

The case of a unique choice is A106234, row sums A000081.
Column k = 0 is A137917, labeled version A137916.
Without the choice condition we have A368836.
The labeled version is A368924, row sums maybe A333331.
Row sums are A368984, complement A368835.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A014068 counts loop-graphs, unlabeled A000666.
A322661 counts labeled covering half-loop-graphs, connected A062740.
Cf. A057500, A116508, A133686, A367863, A367869, A368596, A368597, A368598, A368601, A368836, A368927.

Table[Length[Union[sysnorm /@ Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}],{n}],Count[#,{_}]==k && Length[Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]]!=0&]]], {n,0,5},{k,0,n}]

\\ TreeGf gives gf of A000081; G(n,1) is gf of A368983.
TreeGf(N)={my(A=vector(N, j, 1)); for (n=1, N-1, A[n+1] = 1/n * sum(k=1, n, sumdiv(k, d, d*A[d]) * A[n-k+1] ) ); x*Ser(A)}
G(n,y)={my(t=TreeGf(n)); my(g(e)=subst(t + O(x*x^(n\e)), x, x^e) + O(x*x^n)); 1 + (sum(d=1, n, eulerphi(d)/d*log(1/(1-g(d)))) + ((1+g(1))^2/(1-g(2))-1)/2 - (g(1)^2 + g(2)))/2 + (y-1)*g(1)}
EulerMTS(p)={my(n=serprec(p,x)-1,vars=variables(p)); exp(sum(i=1, n, substvec(p + O(x*x^(n\i)), vars, apply(v->v^i,vars))/i))}
T(n)={[Vecrev(p) | p <- Vec(EulerMTS(G(n,y) - 1))]}
{ my(A=T(8)); for(n=1, #A, print(A[n])) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 14 2024

a(36) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 14 2024

A368928 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of labeled loop-graphs with n vertices and n edges, k of which are loops.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 9, 9, 1, 15, 80, 90, 24, 1, 252, 1050, 1200, 450, 50, 1, 5005, 18018, 20475, 9100, 1575, 90, 1, 116280, 379848, 427329, 209475, 46550, 4410, 147, 1, 3108105, 9472320, 10548720, 5503680, 1433250, 183456, 10584, 224, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 11 2024

			Triangle begins:
     1
     0     1
     0     2     1
     1     9     9     1
    15    80    90    24     1
   252  1050  1200   450    50     1
  5005 18018 20475  9100  1575    90     1
The loop-graphs counted in row n = 3 (loops shown as singletons):
  {12}{13}{23}  {1}{12}{13}  {1}{2}{12}  {1}{2}{3}
                {1}{12}{23}  {1}{2}{13}
                {1}{13}{23}  {1}{2}{23}
                {2}{12}{13}  {1}{3}{12}
                {2}{12}{23}  {1}{3}{13}
                {2}{13}{23}  {1}{3}{23}
                {3}{12}{13}  {2}{3}{12}
                {3}{12}{23}  {2}{3}{13}
                {3}{13}{23}  {2}{3}{23}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (rows 0..50)

Row sums are A014068, unlabeled version A000666.
Column k = 0 is A116508, covering version A367863.
The covering case is A368597.
The unlabeled version is A368836.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A058891 counts set-systems (without singletons A016031), unlabeled A000612.
A322661 counts labeled covering loop-graphs, connected A062740.
Cf. A057500, A079491, A339065, A368596, A368927.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {1,2}],{n}],Count[#,{_}]==k&]],{n,0,5},{k,0,n}]
T[n_,k_]:= Binomial[n,k]*Binomial[Binomial[n,2],n-k]; Table[T[n,k],{n,0,8},{k,0,n}]// Flatten (* Stefano Spezia, Jan 14 2024 *)

T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*binomial(binomial(n,2),n-k) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 14 2024

T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*binomial(binomial(n,2),n-k).

A369195 Irregular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of labeled connected loop-graphs covering n vertices with k edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 10, 12, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 16, 79, 162, 179, 116, 45, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 125, 847, 2565, 4615, 5540, 4720, 2948, 1360, 455, 105, 15, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1296, 11436, 47100, 121185, 220075, 301818, 325578, 282835, 200115, 115560, 54168, 20343, 5985, 1330, 210, 21, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 19 2024

This sequence excludes the graph consisting of a single isolated vertex without a loop. - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

			Triangle begins:
    1
    0    1
    0    1    2    1
    0    0    3   10   12    6    1
    0    0    0   16   79  162  179  116   45   10    1
Row n = 3 counts the following loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  .  .  {12,13}  {1,12,13}   {1,2,12,13}   {1,2,3,12,13}   {1,2,3,12,13,23}
        {12,23}  {1,12,23}   {1,2,12,23}   {1,2,3,12,23}
        {13,23}  {1,13,23}   {1,2,13,23}   {1,2,3,13,23}
                 {2,12,13}   {1,3,12,13}   {1,2,12,13,23}
                 {2,12,23}   {1,3,12,23}   {1,3,12,13,23}
                 {2,13,23}   {1,3,13,23}   {2,3,12,13,23}
                 {3,12,13}   {1,12,13,23}
                 {3,12,23}   {2,3,12,13}
                 {3,13,23}   {2,3,12,23}
                 {12,13,23}  {2,3,13,23}
                             {2,12,13,23}
                             {3,12,13,23}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1560 (rows 0..20)

Row lengths are A000124.
Diagonal T(n,n-1) is A000272, rooted A000169.
The case without loops is A062734.
Row sums are A062740.
Transpose is A322147.
Column sums are A322151.
Diagonal T(n,n) is A368951, connected case of A368597.
Connected case of A369199, without loops A054548.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A000666 counts unlabeled loop-graphs.
A001187 counts connected graphs, unlabeled A001349.
A006125 counts simple graphs, also loop-graphs if shifted left.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
A368927 counts choosable loop-graphs, covering A369140.
A369141 counts non-choosable loop-graphs, covering A369142.
Cf. A001862, A014068, A054923, A057500, A066383, A322114, A322137, A369197.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]], {2}],Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]},If[c=={},s, csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}],{k}], Length[Union@@#]==n&&Length[csm[#]]<=1&]], {n,0,5},{k,0,Binomial[n+1,2]}]

T(n)={[Vecrev(p) | p<-Vec(serlaplace(1 - x + log(sum(j=0, n, (1 + y)^binomial(j+1, 2)*x^j/j!, O(x*x^n))))) ]}
{ my(A=T(6)); for(i=1, #A, print(A[i])) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

E.g.f.: 1 - x + log(Sum_{j >= 0} (1 + y)^binomial(j+1, 2)*x^j/j!). - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A359760 Triangle read by rows. The Kummer triangle, the coefficients of the Kummer polynomials. K(n, k) = binomial(n, k) * oddfactorial(k/2) if k is even, otherwise 0, where oddfactorial(z) := (2z)!/(2^zz!).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 3, 1, 0, 10, 0, 15, 0, 1, 0, 15, 0, 45, 0, 15, 1, 0, 21, 0, 105, 0, 105, 0, 1, 0, 28, 0, 210, 0, 420, 0, 105, 1, 0, 36, 0, 378, 0, 1260, 0, 945, 0, 1, 0, 45, 0, 630, 0, 3150, 0, 4725, 0, 945, 1, 0, 55, 0, 990, 0, 6930, 0, 17325, 0, 10395, 0

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Jan 13 2023

The Kummer numbers K(n, k) are a refinement of the oddfactorial numbers (A001147) in the sense that they are the coefficients of polynomials K(n, x) = Sum_{n..k} K(n, k) * x^k that take the value oddfactorial(n) at x = 1. The coefficients of x^n are the aerated oddfactorial numbers A123023.

These numbers appear in many different versions (see the crossrefs). They are the coefficients of the Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials in signed form when ordered in decreasing powers. Our exposition is based on the seminal paper by Kummer, which preceded the work of Chebyshev and Hermite for more than 20 years. They are also referred to as Bessel numbers of the second kind (Mansour et al.) when the odd powers are omitted.

			Triangle K(n, k) starts:
 [0] 1;
 [1] 1, 0;
 [2] 1, 0,  1;
 [3] 1, 0,  3, 0;
 [4] 1, 0,  6, 0,   3;
 [5] 1, 0, 10, 0,  15, 0;
 [6] 1, 0, 15, 0,  45, 0,   15;
 [7] 1, 0, 21, 0, 105, 0,  105, 0;
 [8] 1, 0, 28, 0, 210, 0,  420, 0, 105;
 [9] 1, 0, 36, 0, 378, 0, 1260, 0, 945, 0;

John Riordan, Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Dover (2002), pp. 85-86.

Pierre Humbert, Monographie des polynômes de Kummer, Nouvelles annales de mathématiques, journal des candidats aux écoles polytechnique et normale, Serie 5, Volume 1 (1922), pp. 81-92.
E. E. Kummer, Über die hypergeometrische Reihe, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 15 (1836): 39-83.
T. Mansour, M. Schork and M. Shattuck, The Generalized Stirling and Bell Numbers Revisited, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), #12.8.3.
Ladislav Truksa, Hypergeometric orthogonal systems of polynomials III, Aktuárské vědy, Vol. 2 (1931), No. 4, 177-203, (see p.200).

Variants: Signed version: A073278. Other variants are the irregular triangle A100861 with zeros deleted, A066325 and A099174 with reversed rows, A111924, A144299, A104556.
Cf. A000085, A001147, A123023, A047974, A115329, A002522, A056107, A359739,
A001879, A001464, A005425, A344501, A123022, A359761.

oddfactorial := proc(z) (2*z)! / (2^z*z!) end:
K := (n, k) -> ifelse(irem(k, 2) = 1, 0, binomial(n, k) * oddfactorial(k/2)):
seq(seq(K(n, k), k = 0..n), n = 0..11);
# Alternative, as coefficients of polynomials:
p := (n, x) -> 2^(n/2)*(-1/x^2)^(-n/2)*KummerU(-n/2, 1/2, -1/(2*x^2)):
seq(print(seq(coeff(simplify(p(n, x)), x, k), k = 0..n)), n = 0 ..9);
# Using the exponential generating function:
egf := exp(x + (t*x)^2 / 2): ser := series(egf, x, 12):
seq(print(seq(coeff(n! * coeff(ser, x, n), t, k), k = 0..n)), n = 0..9);

K[n_, k_] := K[n, k] = Which[OddQ[k], 0, k == 0, 1, n == k, K[n - 1, n - 2], True, K[n - 1, k] n/(n - k)];
Table[K[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 25 2023 *)

from functools import cache
@cache
def K(n: int, k: int) -> int:
    if k %  2: return 0
    if n <  3: return 1
    if n == k: return K(n - 1, n - 2)
    return (K(n - 1, k) * n) // (n - k)
for n in range(10): print([K(n, k) for k in range(n + 1)])

Let p(n, x) = 2^(n/2)*(-1/x^2)^(-n/2)*KummerU(-n/2, 1/2, -1/(2*x^2)).
p(n, 1) = A000085(n); p(n, sqrt(2)) = A047974(n); p(n, 2) = A115329(n);
p(2, n) = A002522(n) (n >= 1); p(3, n) = A056107(n) (n >= 1);
p(n, n) = A359739(n) (n >= 1); 2^n*p(n, 1/2) = A005425(n).
K(n, k) = [x^k] p(n, x).
K(n, k) = [t^k] (n! * [x^n] exp(x + (t*x)^2 / 2)).
K(n, n) = A123023(n).
K(n, n-1) = A123023(n + 1).
K(2*n, 2*n) = A001147(n).
K(4*n, 2*n) = A359761, the central terms without zeros.
K(2*n+2, 2*n) = A001879.
Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^n * i^k * K(n, k) = A001464(n), ((the number of even involutions) - (the number of odd involutions) in the symmetric group S_n (Robert Israel)).
Sum_{k=0..n} Sum_{j=0..k} K(n, j) = A000085(n + 1).
For a recursion see the Python program.

A368726 Number of non-isomorphic connected multiset partitions of weight n into singletons or pairs.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 3, 8, 10, 26, 38, 93, 161, 381, 732, 1721, 3566, 8369, 18316, 43280, 98401, 234959, 549628, 1327726, 3175670, 7763500, 18905703, 46762513, 115613599, 289185492, 724438500, 1831398264, 4641907993, 11853385002, 30365353560

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 06 2024

nonn

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(1) = 1 through a(5) = 10 multiset partitions:
  {{1}}  {{1,1}}    {{1},{1,1}}    {{1,1},{1,1}}      {{1},{1,1},{1,1}}
         {{1,2}}    {{2},{1,2}}    {{1,2},{1,2}}      {{1},{1,2},{2,2}}
         {{1},{1}}  {{1},{1},{1}}  {{1,2},{2,2}}      {{2},{1,2},{1,2}}
                                   {{1,3},{2,3}}      {{2},{1,2},{2,2}}
                                   {{1},{1},{1,1}}    {{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                                   {{1},{2},{1,2}}    {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
                                   {{2},{2},{1,2}}    {{1},{1},{1},{1,1}}
                                   {{1},{1},{1},{1}}  {{1},{2},{2},{1,2}}
                                                      {{2},{2},{2},{1,2}}
                                                      {{1},{1},{1},{1},{1}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

For edges of any size we have A007718.
This is the connected case of A320663.
The case of singletons and strict pairs is A368727, Euler transform A339888.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A007716 counts non-isomorphic multiset partitions, into pairs A007717.
A062740 counts connected loop-graphs, unlabeled A054921.
A320732 counts factorizations into primes or semiprimes, strict A339839.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
Cf. A001515, A000666, A122848, A283877, A302545, A320462, A321405, A368186, A368598, A368599, A368731.

sps[{}]:={{}};sps[set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]& /@ sps[Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
mpm[n_]:=Join@@Table[Union[Sort[Sort/@(#/.x_Integer:>s[[x]])]& /@ sps[Range[n]]],{s,Flatten[MapIndexed[Table[#2,{#1}]&,#]]& /@ IntegerPartitions[n]}];
csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]], {2}],Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]}, If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]], Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{i,p[[i]]},{i,Length[p]}])], {p,Permutations[Union@@m]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute /@ Select[mpm[n], Max@@Length/@#<=2&&Length[csm[#]]<=1&]]],{n,0,8}]

Inverse Euler transform of A320663.

A368727 Number of non-isomorphic connected multiset partitions of weight n into singletons or strict pairs.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 6, 15, 21, 49, 82, 184, 341, 766, 1530, 3428, 7249, 16394, 36009, 82492, 186485, 433096, 1001495, 2358182, 5554644, 13255532, 31718030, 76656602, 185982207, 454889643, 1117496012, 2764222322, 6868902152, 17172601190

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 06 2024

nonn

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(1) = 1 through a(6) = 15 multiset partitions:
  {1}  {12}    {2}{12}    {12}{12}      {2}{12}{12}      {12}{12}{12}
       {1}{1}  {1}{1}{1}  {13}{23}      {2}{13}{23}      {12}{13}{23}
                          {1}{2}{12}    {3}{13}{23}      {13}{23}{23}
                          {2}{2}{12}    {1}{2}{2}{12}    {13}{24}{34}
                          {1}{1}{1}{1}  {2}{2}{2}{12}    {14}{24}{34}
                                        {1}{1}{1}{1}{1}  {1}{2}{12}{12}
                                                         {1}{2}{13}{23}
                                                         {2}{2}{12}{12}
                                                         {2}{2}{13}{23}
                                                         {2}{3}{13}{23}
                                                         {3}{3}{13}{23}
                                                         {1}{1}{2}{2}{12}
                                                         {1}{2}{2}{2}{12}
                                                         {2}{2}{2}{2}{12}
                                                         {1}{1}{1}{1}{1}{1}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

For edges of any size we have A056156, with loops A007718.
This is the connected case of A339888.
Allowing loops {x,x} gives A368726, Euler transform A320663.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A007716 counts non-isomorphic multiset partitions, into pairs A007717.
A062740 counts connected loop-graphs, unlabeled A054921.
A320732 counts factorizations into primes or semiprimes, strict A339839.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
Cf. A001515, A000666, A122848, A283877, A302545, A320462, A321405, A368598, A368599, A368731.

sps[{}]:={{}};sps[set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]& /@ sps[Complement[set,s]]] /@ Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
mpm[n_]:=Join@@Table[Union[Sort[Sort /@ (#/.x_Integer:>s[[x]])]&/@sps[Range[n]]], {s,Flatten[MapIndexed[Table[#2,{#1}]&,#]]& /@ IntegerPartitions[n]}];
csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]],{2}], Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]}, If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List /@ c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{i,p[[i]]},{i,Length[p]}])], {p,Permutations[Union@@m]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute /@ Select[mpm[n],And@@UnsameQ@@@#&&Max@@Length/@#<=2&&Length[csm[#]]<=1&]]],{n,0,8}]

Inverse Euler transform of A339888.

A370165 Number of labeled loop-graphs covering n vertices without a non-loop edge with loops at both ends.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 29, 400, 10289, 496548, 45455677, 7983420736, 2716094133313, 1803251169342820, 2348787270663723581, 6024912118926389490448, 30516957491540079828757553, 305811332460677494410532494660, 6071677788061208810793717466942237

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Feb 12 2024

nonn

Number of ways to choose a stable vertex set of a simple graph with n vertices.

			The a(3) = 29 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  {1,23}   {1,2,3}     {1,2,13,23}
  {2,13}   {1,2,13}    {1,3,12,23}
  {3,12}   {1,2,23}    {2,3,12,13}
  {12,13}  {1,3,12}    {1,12,13,23}
  {12,23}  {1,3,23}    {2,12,13,23}
  {13,23}  {2,3,12}    {3,12,13,23}
           {2,3,13}
           {1,12,13}
           {1,12,23}
           {1,13,23}
           {2,12,13}
           {2,12,23}
           {2,13,23}
           {3,12,13}
           {3,12,23}
           {3,13,23}
           {12,13,23}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..80

Without loops we have A006129, connected A001187.
The non-covering version is A079491.
The unlabeled version is A370166, non-covering A339832.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A000666 counts unlabeled loop-graphs, covering A322700.
A006125 counts labeled loop-graphs (shifted left), covering A322661.
Cf. A048291, A062740, A116539, A320461, A322635.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}]], Union@@#==Range[n]&&!MatchQ[#, {_,{x_},_,{y_},_,{x_,y_},_}]&]],{n,0,5}]

seq(n)={Vec(serlaplace(sum(k=0, n, exp((2^k-1)*x + O(x*x^n))*2^(k*(k-1)/2)*x^k/k!)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Feb 20 2024

Inverse binomial transform of A079491.

E.g.f.: Sum_{k >= 0} exp((2^k-1)*x)*2^(k*(k-1)/2)*x^k/k!. - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 20 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A368836 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled loop-graphs on up to n vertices with k loops and n-k non-loops.

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A369200 Number of unlabeled loop-graphs covering n vertices such that it is possible to choose a different vertex from each edge (choosable).

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A176230 Exponential Riordan array [1/sqrt(1-2x), x/(1-2x)].

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A368926 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled loop-graphs on n vertices with k loops and n-k non-loops such that it is possible to choose a different element from each edge.

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A368928 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of labeled loop-graphs with n vertices and n edges, k of which are loops.

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A369195 Irregular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of labeled connected loop-graphs covering n vertices with k edges.

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A359760 Triangle read by rows. The Kummer triangle, the coefficients of the Kummer polynomials. K(n, k) = binomial(n, k) * oddfactorial(k/2) if k is even, otherwise 0, where oddfactorial(z) := (2*z)!/(2^z*z!).

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A359760 Triangle read by rows. The Kummer triangle, the coefficients of the Kummer polynomials. K(n, k) = binomial(n, k) * oddfactorial(k/2) if k is even, otherwise 0, where oddfactorial(z) := (2z)!/(2^zz!).