A328594 -id:A328594 - cp's OEIS frontend

A329133 Numbers whose augmented differences of prime indices are an aperiodic sequence.

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Nov 09 2019

nonn

The augmented differences aug(y) of an integer partition y of length k are given by aug(y)i = y_i - y{i + 1} + 1 if i < k and aug(y)_k = y_k. For example, aug(6,5,5,3,3,3) = (2,1,3,1,1,3).
A prime index of n is a number m such that prime(m) divides n. The multiset of prime indices of n is row n of A112798.
A finite sequence is aperiodic if its cyclic rotations are all different.

			The sequence of terms together with their augmented differences of prime indices begins:
    1: ()
    2: (1)
    3: (2)
    5: (3)
    6: (2,1)
    7: (4)
    9: (1,2)
   10: (3,1)
   11: (5)
   12: (2,1,1)
   13: (6)
   14: (4,1)
   17: (7)
   18: (1,2,1)
   19: (8)
   20: (3,1,1)
   21: (3,2)
   22: (5,1)
   23: (9)
   24: (2,1,1,1)

Complement of A329132.
These are the Heinz numbers of the partitions counted by A329136.
Aperiodic binary words are A027375.
Aperiodic compositions are A000740.
Numbers whose binary expansion is aperiodic are A328594.
Numbers whose prime signature is aperiodic are A329139.
Numbers whose differences of prime indices are aperiodic are A329135.
Cf. A056239, A112798, A121016, A124010, A152061, A246029, A325351, A325389, A329134, A329140.

primeMS[n_]:=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]];
aperQ[q_]:=Array[RotateRight[q,#1]&,Length[q],1,UnsameQ];
aug[y_]:=Table[If[i

A329327 Numbers whose binary expansion has Lyndon factorization of length 2 (the minimum for n > 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 17, 19, 23, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43, 47, 65, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77, 79, 87, 95, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 147, 149, 151, 155, 157, 159, 171, 175, 183, 191, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 293

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Nov 12 2019

nonn

First differs from A329357 in having 77 and lacking 83.

Also numbers whose decapitated binary expansion is a Lyndon word (see also A329401).

			The binary expansion of each term together with its Lyndon factorization begins:
   2:      (10) = (1)(0)
   3:      (11) = (1)(1)
   5:     (101) = (1)(01)
   9:    (1001) = (1)(001)
  11:    (1011) = (1)(011)
  17:   (10001) = (1)(0001)
  19:   (10011) = (1)(0011)
  23:   (10111) = (1)(0111)
  33:  (100001) = (1)(00001)
  35:  (100011) = (1)(00011)
  37:  (100101) = (1)(00101)
  39:  (100111) = (1)(00111)
  43:  (101011) = (1)(01011)
  47:  (101111) = (1)(01111)
  65: (1000001) = (1)(000001)
  67: (1000011) = (1)(000011)
  69: (1000101) = (1)(000101)
  71: (1000111) = (1)(000111)
  75: (1001011) = (1)(001011)
  77: (1001101) = (1)(001101)

Positions of 2's in A211100.
Positions of rows of length 2 in A329314.
The "co-" and reversed version is A329357.
Binary Lyndon words are counted by A001037 and ranked by A102659.
Length of the co-Lyndon factorization of the binary expansion is A329312.
Cf. A059966, A060223, A211097, A275692, A328594, A328595, A328596, A329131, A329313, A329325, A329326, A339608.

lynQ[q_]:=Array[Union[{q,RotateRight[q,#]}]=={q,RotateRight[q,#]}&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
lynfac[q_]:=If[Length[q]==0,{},Function[i,Prepend[lynfac[Drop[q,i]],Take[q,i]]][Last[Select[Range[Length[q]],lynQ[Take[q,#1]]&]]]];
Select[Range[100],Length[lynfac[IntegerDigits[#,2]]]==2&]

a(n) = A339608(n) + 1. - Harald Korneliussen, Mar 12 2020

A333941 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of compositions of n with rotational period k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 3, 0, 0, 2, 4, 6, 4, 0, 0, 4, 6, 9, 8, 5, 0, 0, 2, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 0, 0, 4, 8, 24, 32, 35, 18, 7, 0, 0, 3, 10, 27, 56, 70, 54, 28, 8, 0, 0, 4, 12, 42, 84, 125, 120, 84, 32, 9, 0, 0, 2, 10, 45, 120, 210, 252, 210, 120, 45, 10, 0

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Apr 16 2020

A composition of n is a finite sequence of positive integers summing to n.

			Triangle begins:
   1
   0   1
   0   2   0
   0   2   2   0
   0   3   2   3   0
   0   2   4   6   4   0
   0   4   6   9   8   5   0
   0   2   6  15  20  15   6   0
   0   4   8  24  32  35  18   7   0
   0   3  10  27  56  70  54  28   8   0
   0   4  12  42  84 125 120  84  32   9   0
   0   2  10  45 120 210 252 210 120  45  10   0
   0   6  18  66 168 335 450 462 320 162  50  11   0
Row n = 6 counts the following compositions (empty columns indicated by dots):
  .  (6)       (15)    (114)  (1113)  (11112)  .
     (33)      (24)    (123)  (1122)  (11121)
     (222)     (42)    (132)  (1131)  (11211)
     (111111)  (51)    (141)  (1221)  (12111)
               (1212)  (213)  (1311)  (21111)
               (2121)  (231)  (2112)
                       (312)  (2211)
                       (321)  (3111)
                       (411)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (rows 0..50)

Column k = 1 is A000005.
Row sums are A011782.
Diagonal T(2n,n) is A045630(n).
The strict version is A072574.
A version counting runs is A238279.
Column k = n - 1 is A254667.
Aperiodic compositions are counted by A000740.
Aperiodic binary words are counted by A027375.
The orderless period of prime indices is A052409.
Numbers whose binary expansion is periodic are A121016.
Periodic compositions are counted by A178472.
Period of binary expansion is A302291.
Numbers whose prime signature is aperiodic are A329139.
All of the following pertain to compositions in standard order (A066099):
- Length is A000120.
- Necklaces are A065609.
- Sum is A070939.
- Rotational symmetries are counted by A138904.
- Constant compositions are A272919.
- Lyndon compositions are A275692.
- Co-Lyndon compositions are A326774.
- Aperiodic compositions are A328594.
- Rotational period is A333632.
- Co-necklaces are A333764.
- Reversed necklaces are A333943.
Cf. A000031, A001037, A008965, A019536, A211100, A291166, A328595, A328596, A329312, A329313, A329326.

Table[Length[Select[Join@@Permutations/@IntegerPartitions[n],Function[c,Length[Union[Array[RotateRight[c,#]&,Length[c]]]]==k]]],{n,0,10},{k,0,n}]

T(n,k)=if(n==0, k==0, sumdiv(n, m, sumdiv(gcd(k,m), d, moebius(d)*binomial(m/d-1, k/d-1)))) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 19 2023

T(n,k) = Sum_{m|n} Sum_{d|gcd(k,m)} mu(d)*binomial(m/d-1, k/d-1) for n > 0. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 19 2023

A334267 Numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is both a Lyndon word and a reversed co-Lyndon word.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 40, 48, 52, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 72, 80, 84, 96, 100, 104, 106, 108, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 144, 160, 164, 168, 192, 200, 208, 212, 216, 218, 224, 228, 232, 234, 236, 240, 244, 246, 248, 250

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Apr 22 2020

nonn

Also numbers whose binary expansion is both a reversed Lyndon word and a co-Lyndon word.
A Lyndon word is a finite sequence of positive integers that is lexicographically strictly less than all of its cyclic rotations. Co-Lyndon is defined similarly, except with strictly greater instead of strictly less.
The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

			The sequence of all reversed co-Lyndon Lyndon words begins:
    0: ()            56: (1,1,4)        124: (1,1,1,1,3)
    1: (1)           58: (1,1,2,2)      126: (1,1,1,1,1,2)
    2: (2)           60: (1,1,1,3)      128: (8)
    4: (3)           62: (1,1,1,1,2)    144: (3,5)
    6: (1,2)         64: (7)            160: (2,6)
    8: (4)           72: (3,4)          164: (2,3,3)
   12: (1,3)         80: (2,5)          168: (2,2,4)
   14: (1,1,2)       84: (2,2,3)        192: (1,7)
   16: (5)           96: (1,6)          200: (1,3,4)
   20: (2,3)        100: (1,3,3)        208: (1,2,5)
   24: (1,4)        104: (1,2,4)        212: (1,2,2,3)
   26: (1,2,2)      106: (1,2,2,2)      216: (1,2,1,4)
   28: (1,1,3)      108: (1,2,1,3)      218: (1,2,1,2,2)
   30: (1,1,1,2)    112: (1,1,5)        224: (1,1,6)
   32: (6)          116: (1,1,2,3)      228: (1,1,3,3)
   40: (2,4)        118: (1,1,2,1,2)    232: (1,1,2,4)
   48: (1,5)        120: (1,1,1,4)      234: (1,1,2,2,2)
   52: (1,2,3)      122: (1,1,1,2,2)    236: (1,1,2,1,3)
The sequence of terms together with their binary expansions and binary indices begins:
    0:      0 ~ {}            56:  111000 ~ {4,5,6}
    1:      1 ~ {1}           58:  111010 ~ {2,4,5,6}
    2:     10 ~ {2}           60:  111100 ~ {3,4,5,6}
    4:    100 ~ {3}           62:  111110 ~ {2,3,4,5,6}
    6:    110 ~ {2,3}         64: 1000000 ~ {7}
    8:   1000 ~ {4}           72: 1001000 ~ {4,7}
   12:   1100 ~ {3,4}         80: 1010000 ~ {5,7}
   14:   1110 ~ {2,3,4}       84: 1010100 ~ {3,5,7}
   16:  10000 ~ {5}           96: 1100000 ~ {6,7}
   20:  10100 ~ {3,5}        100: 1100100 ~ {3,6,7}
   24:  11000 ~ {4,5}        104: 1101000 ~ {4,6,7}
   26:  11010 ~ {2,4,5}      106: 1101010 ~ {2,4,6,7}
   28:  11100 ~ {3,4,5}      108: 1101100 ~ {3,4,6,7}
   30:  11110 ~ {2,3,4,5}    112: 1110000 ~ {5,6,7}
   32: 100000 ~ {6}          116: 1110100 ~ {3,5,6,7}
   40: 101000 ~ {4,6}        118: 1110110 ~ {2,3,5,6,7}
   48: 110000 ~ {5,6}        120: 1111000 ~ {4,5,6,7}
   52: 110100 ~ {3,5,6}      122: 1111010 ~ {2,4,5,6,7}

Compositions of this type are counted by A334269.
Normal sequences of this type are counted by A334270.
Necklaces of this type are counted by A334271.
Necklaces of this type are ranked by A334274.
Binary (or reversed binary) Lyndon words are counted by A001037.
Lyndon compositions are counted by A059966.
Lyndon words whose reverse is not co-Lyndon are counted by A329324
Reversed Lyndon co-Lyndon compositions are ranked by A334266.
All of the following pertain to compositions in standard order (A066099):
- Length is A000120.
- Necklaces are A065609.
- Sum is A070939.
- Reverse is A228351 (triangle).
- Strict compositions are A233564.
- Constant compositions are A272919.
- Lyndon words are A275692.
- Reversed Lyndon words are A334265.
- Co-Lyndon words are A326774.
- Reversed co-Lyndon words are A328596.
- Length of Lyndon factorization is A329312.
- Length of Lyndon factorization of reverse is A334297.
- Length of co-Lyndon factorization is A334029.
- Length of co-Lyndon factorization of reverse is A329313.
- Distinct rotations are counted by A333632.
- Lyndon factorizations are counted by A333940.
- Co-Lyndon factorizations are counted by A333765.
Cf. A000740, A008965, A328594, A328595, A333764, A333943, A334272, A334273.

stc[n_]:=Differences[Prepend[Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1],0]]//Reverse;
lynQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[Union[{q,RotateRight[q,#1]}]=={q,RotateRight[q,#1]}&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
colynQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[Union[{RotateRight[q,#],q}]=={RotateRight[q,#],q}&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
Select[Range[0,100],colynQ[Reverse[stc[#]]]&&lynQ[stc[#]]&]

Intersection of A275692 and A328596.

A334032 The a(n)-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic) is the unsorted prime signature of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 1, 3, 3, 8, 1, 6, 1, 5, 3, 3, 1, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 7, 1, 16, 3, 3, 3, 10, 1, 3, 3, 9, 1, 7, 1, 5, 5, 3, 1, 17, 2, 6, 3, 5, 1, 12, 3, 9, 3, 3, 1, 11, 1, 3, 5, 32, 3, 7, 1, 5, 3, 7, 1, 18, 1, 3, 6, 5, 3, 7, 1, 17, 8, 3, 1, 11

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Apr 17 2020

nonn

Unsorted prime signature (A124010) is the sequence of exponents in a number's prime factorization.

The k-th composition in standard order (row k of A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

			The unsorted prime signature of 12345678 is (1,2,1,1), which is the 27th composition in standard order, so a(12345678) = 27.

Positions of first appearances are A057335 (a partial inverse).
Least number with same prime signature is A071364.
Unsorted prime signature is A124010.
Least number with reversed prime signature is A331580.
Minimal numbers with standard reversed prime signatures are A334031.
The reversed version is A334033.
All of the following pertain to compositions in standard order (A066099):
- Length is A000120.
- Sum is A070939.
- Strict compositions are A233564.
- Constant compositions are A272919.
- Aperiodic compositions are A328594.
- Normal compositions are A333217.
- Permutations are A333218.
- Heinz number is A333219.
Cf. A029931, A048793, A052409, A055932, A056239, A112798, A124767, A228351, A233249, A329139, A333220.

stcinv[q_]:=Total[2^Accumulate[Reverse[q]]]/2;
Table[stcinv[Last/@If[n==1,{},FactorInteger[n]]],{n,100}]

a(A057335(n)) = n.
A057335(a(n)) = A071364(n).
a(A334031(n))= A059893(n).
A334031(a(n)) = A331580(n).

A334273 Numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is both a reversed necklace and a co-necklace.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 85, 87, 91, 95, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 146, 147

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Apr 25 2020

nonn

A necklace is a finite sequence of positive integers that is lexicographically less than or equal to any cyclic rotation. Co-necklaces are defined similarly, except with greater instead of less.

The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

			The sequence of all reversed necklace co-necklaces begins:
    0: ()            31: (1,1,1,1,1)       69: (4,2,1)
    1: (1)           32: (6)               71: (4,1,1,1)
    2: (2)           33: (5,1)             73: (3,3,1)
    3: (1,1)         34: (4,2)             74: (3,2,2)
    4: (3)           35: (4,1,1)           75: (3,2,1,1)
    5: (2,1)         36: (3,3)             77: (3,1,2,1)
    7: (1,1,1)       37: (3,2,1)           79: (3,1,1,1,1)
    8: (4)           39: (3,1,1,1)         85: (2,2,2,1)
    9: (3,1)         42: (2,2,2)           87: (2,2,1,1,1)
   10: (2,2)         43: (2,2,1,1)         91: (2,1,2,1,1)
   11: (2,1,1)       45: (2,1,2,1)         95: (2,1,1,1,1,1)
   15: (1,1,1,1)     47: (2,1,1,1,1)      127: (1,1,1,1,1,1,1)
   16: (5)           63: (1,1,1,1,1,1)    128: (8)
   17: (4,1)         64: (7)              129: (7,1)
   18: (3,2)         65: (6,1)            130: (6,2)
   19: (3,1,1)       66: (5,2)            131: (6,1,1)
   21: (2,2,1)       67: (5,1,1)          132: (5,3)
   23: (2,1,1,1)     68: (4,3)            133: (5,2,1)

The aperiodic case is A334266.
Compositions of this type are counted by A334271.
Normal sequences of this type are counted by A334272.
Another ranking of the same compositions is A334274 (binary expansion).
Binary (or reversed binary) necklaces are counted by A000031.
Necklace compositions are counted by A008965.
All of the following pertain to compositions in standard order (A066099):
- Necklaces are A065609.
- Reversed necklaces are A333943.
- Co-necklaces are A333764.
- Reversed co-necklaces are A328595.
- Lyndon words are A275692.
- Co-Lyndon words are A326774.
- Reversed Lyndon words are A334265.
- Reversed co-Lyndon words are A328596.
- Aperiodic compositions are A328594.
Cf. A019536, A034691, A059966, A060223, A329138, A334269, A334270.

stc[n_]:=Differences[Prepend[Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1],0]]//Reverse;
neckQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[OrderedQ[{q,RotateRight[q,#]}]&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
coneckQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[OrderedQ[{RotateRight[q,#],q}]&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
Select[Range[0,100],neckQ[Reverse[stc[#]]]&&coneckQ[stc[#]]&]

A334274 Numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is both a necklace and a reversed co-necklace.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40, 42, 48, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 72, 80, 84, 96, 100, 104, 106, 108, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 136, 144, 160, 164, 168, 170, 192, 200, 204, 208, 212, 216

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Apr 25 2020

nonn

Also numbers whose binary expansion is both a reversed necklace and a co-necklace.
A necklace is a finite sequence of positive integers that is lexicographically less than or equal to any cyclic rotation. Co-necklaces are defined similarly, except with greater instead of less.
The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

			The sequence of all reversed co-necklace necklaces begins:
    0: ()            31: (1,1,1,1,1)      100: (1,3,3)
    1: (1)           32: (6)              104: (1,2,4)
    2: (2)           36: (3,3)            106: (1,2,2,2)
    3: (1,1)         40: (2,4)            108: (1,2,1,3)
    4: (3)           42: (2,2,2)          112: (1,1,5)
    6: (1,2)         48: (1,5)            116: (1,1,2,3)
    7: (1,1,1)       52: (1,2,3)          118: (1,1,2,1,2)
    8: (4)           54: (1,2,1,2)        120: (1,1,1,4)
   10: (2,2)         56: (1,1,4)          122: (1,1,1,2,2)
   12: (1,3)         58: (1,1,2,2)        124: (1,1,1,1,3)
   14: (1,1,2)       60: (1,1,1,3)        126: (1,1,1,1,1,2)
   15: (1,1,1,1)     62: (1,1,1,1,2)      127: (1,1,1,1,1,1,1)
   16: (5)           63: (1,1,1,1,1,1)    128: (8)
   20: (2,3)         64: (7)              136: (4,4)
   24: (1,4)         72: (3,4)            144: (3,5)
   26: (1,2,2)       80: (2,5)            160: (2,6)
   28: (1,1,3)       84: (2,2,3)          164: (2,3,3)
   30: (1,1,1,2)     96: (1,6)            168: (2,2,4)

The aperiodic case is A334267.
Compositions of this type are counted by A334271.
Normal sequences of this type are counted by A334272.
Binary (or reversed binary) necklaces are counted by A000031.
Necklace compositions are counted by A008965.
All of the following pertain to compositions in standard order (A066099):
- Necklaces are A065609.
- Reversed necklaces are A333943.
- Co-necklaces are A333764.
- Reversed co-necklaces are A328595.
- Lyndon words are A275692.
- Co-Lyndon words are A326774.
- Reversed Lyndon words are A334265.
- Reversed co-Lyndon words are A328596.
- Aperiodic compositions are A328594.
Cf. A019536, A034691, A059966, A060223, A329138, A334266, A334269, A334270.

stc[n_]:=Differences[Prepend[Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1],0]]//Reverse;
neckQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[OrderedQ[{q,RotateRight[q,#]}]&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
coneckQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[OrderedQ[{RotateRight[q,#],q}]&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
Select[Range[0,100],neckQ[stc[#]]&&coneckQ[Reverse[stc[#]]]&]

A334297 Length of the Lyndon factorization of the reversed n-th composition in standard order.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Apr 25 2020

nonn

We define the Lyndon product of two or more finite sequences to be the lexicographically maximal sequence obtainable by shuffling the sequences together. For example, the Lyndon product of (231) with (213) is (232131), the product of (221) with (213) is (222131), and the product of (122) with (2121) is (2122121). A Lyndon word is a finite sequence that is prime with respect to the Lyndon product. Every finite sequence has a unique (orderless) factorization into Lyndon words, and if these factors are arranged in lexicographically decreasing order, their concatenation is equal to their Lyndon product. For example, (1001) has sorted Lyndon factorization (001)(1).

The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

			The 12345th composition is (1,7,1,1,3,1), with reverse (1,3,1,1,7,1), with Lyndon factorization ((1),(1,3),(1,1,7)), so a(12345) = 3.

The non-reversed version is A329312.
The version for binary indices is A329313 (also the "co-" version).
Positions of 1's are A334265 (reversed Lyndon words).
Binary Lyndon words are counted by A001037 and ranked by A102659.
Lyndon compositions are counted by A059966 and ranked by A275692.
Normal Lyndon sequences are counted by A060223 (row sums of A296372).
All of the following pertain to compositions in standard order (A066099):
- Length is A000120.
- Necklaces are A065609.
- Sum is A070939.
- Reverse is A228351 (triangle).
- Strict compositions are A233564.
- Constant compositions are A272919.
- Lyndon words are A275692.
- Co-Lyndon words are A326774.
- Reversed co-Lyndon words are A328596.
- Aperiodic compositions are A328594.
- Distinct rotations are counted by A333632.
- Lyndon factorizations are counted by A333940.
- Length of co-Lyndon factorization is A334029.
Cf. A027375, A211097, A211100, A328595, A329314, A329317.

stc[n_]:=Differences[Prepend[Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1],0]]//Reverse;
lynQ[q_]:=Length[q]==0||Array[Union[{q,RotateRight[q,#]}]=={q,RotateRight[q,#]}&,Length[q]-1,1,And];
lynfac[q_]:=If[Length[q]==0,{},Function[i,Prepend[lynfac[Drop[q,i]],Take[q,i]]][Last[Select[Range[Length[q]],lynQ[Take[q,#]]&]]]];
Table[Length[lynfac[Reverse[stc[n]]]],{n,0,100}]

A345927 Alternating sum of the binary expansion of n (row n of A030190). Replace 2^k with (-1)^(A070939(n)-k) in the binary expansion of n (compare to the definition of A065359).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1, -2, 0, -1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jul 14 2021

sign

The alternating sum of a sequence (y_1,...,y_k) is Sum_i (-1)^(i-1) y_i.

			The binary expansion of 53 is (1,1,0,1,0,1), so a(53) = 1 - 1 + 0 - 1 + 0 - 1 = -2.

Binary expansions of each nonnegative integer are the rows of A030190.
The positions of 0's are A039004.
The version for prime factors is A071321 (reverse: A071322).
Positions of first appearances are A086893.
The version for standard compositions is A124754 (reverse: A344618).
The version for prime multiplicities is A316523.
The version for prime indices is A316524 (reverse: A344616).
A003714 lists numbers with no successive binary indices.
A070939 gives the length of an integer's binary expansion.
A103919 counts partitions by sum and alternating sum.
A328594 lists numbers whose binary expansion is aperiodic.
A328595 lists numbers whose reversed binary expansion is a necklace.
Cf. A000037, A000070, A000120, A027187, A028260, A065359, A069010, A116406, A121016, A191232, A245563, A344609, A344619.

ats[y_]:=Sum[(-1)^(i-1)*y[[i]],{i,Length[y]}];
Table[ats[IntegerDigits[n,2]],{n,0,100}]

a(n) = subst(Pol(Vecrev(binary(n))), x, -1); \\ Michel Marcus, Jul 19 2021

def a(n): return sum((-1)**k for k, bi in enumerate(bin(n)[2:]) if bi=='1')
print([a(n) for n in range(84)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 19 2021

a(n) = (-1)^(A070939(n)-1)*A065359(n).

A329143 Number of integer partitions of n whose augmented differences are a periodic word.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 2, 10, 5, 6, 5, 10, 5, 11, 7, 13, 6, 15, 6, 20, 11, 18, 12, 27, 8, 27, 16, 32, 14, 35, 14, 42, 23, 43, 17, 56, 17, 61, 31, 67, 25, 78, 28, 88, 41, 89, 35, 119, 39, 116, 60, 131, 52, 154, 52, 170, 75, 182

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Nov 10 2019

nonn

The augmented differences aug(y) of an integer partition y of length k are given by aug(y)i = y_i - y{i + 1} + 1 if i < k and aug(y)_k = y_k. For example, aug(6,5,5,3,3,3) = (2,1,3,1,1,3).

A finite sequence is periodic if its cyclic rotations are not all different.

			The a(n) partitions for n = 2, 5, 8, 14, 16, 22:
  11  32     53        95              5533              7744
      11111  3221      5432            7441              9652
             11111111  32222111        533311            554332
                       11111111111111  33222211          54333211
                                       1111111111111111  332222221111
                                                         1111111111111111111111

The Heinz numbers of these partitions are given by A329132.
The aperiodic version is A329136.
The non-augmented version is A329144.
Periodic binary words are A152061.
Periodic compositions are A178472.
Numbers whose binary expansion is periodic are A121016.
Numbers whose prime signature is periodic are A329140.
Cf. A000740, A027375, A328594, A329133, A329135, A325351, A325356, A329134.

aperQ[q_]:=Array[RotateRight[q,#1]&,Length[q],1,UnsameQ];
aug[y_]:=Table[If[i

a(n) + A329136(n) = A000041(n).

More terms from Jinyuan Wang, Jun 27 2020

cp's OEIS Frontend

A329133 Numbers whose augmented differences of prime indices are an aperiodic sequence.

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A329327 Numbers whose binary expansion has Lyndon factorization of length 2 (the minimum for n > 1).

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A333941 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of compositions of n with rotational period k.

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A334267 Numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is both a Lyndon word and a reversed co-Lyndon word.

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A334032 The a(n)-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic) is the unsorted prime signature of n.

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A334273 Numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is both a reversed necklace and a co-necklace.

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A334274 Numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is both a necklace and a reversed co-necklace.

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A334297 Length of the Lyndon factorization of the reversed n-th composition in standard order.

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A345927 Alternating sum of the binary expansion of n (row n of A030190). Replace 2^k with (-1)^(A070939(n)-k) in the binary expansion of n (compare to the definition of A065359).