A002673 -id:A002673 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002674 a(n) = (2n)!/2.

1, 12, 360, 20160, 1814400, 239500800, 43589145600, 10461394944000, 3201186852864000, 1216451004088320000, 562000363888803840000, 310224200866619719680000, 201645730563302817792000000, 152444172305856930250752000000, 132626429906095529318154240000000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

Right side of the binomial sum n-> sum( (-1)^i * (n-i)^(2*n) * binomial(2*n, i), i=0..n). - Yong Kong (ykong(AT)curagen.com), Dec 28 2000
a(n) is the number of ways to display n distinct flags on n distinct poles and then linearly order all (including any empty) poles. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 16 2009
Product of the partition parts of 2n into exactly two parts. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 03 2013
Let f(x) be a polynomial in x. The expansion (2*sinh(x/2))^2 = x^2 + (1/12)*x^4 + (1/360)*x^6 + ... leads to the second central difference formula f(x+1) - 2*f(x) + f(x-1) = (2*sinh(D/2))^2(f(x)) = D^2(f(x)) + (1/12)*D^4(f(x)) + (1/360)* D^6(f(x)) + ..., where D denotes the differential operator d/dx. - Peter Bala, Oct 03 2019

			a(3) = 360, since 2(3) = 6 has exactly 3 partitions into two parts: (5,1), (4,2), (3,3).  Multiplying all the parts in the partitions, we get 5! * 3 = 360. - _Wesley Ivan Hurt_, Jun 03 2013

A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O.I. Marichev, "Integrals and Series", Volume 1: "Elementary Functions", Chapter 4: "Finite Sums", New York, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986-1992, Eq. (4.2.2.33)
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100
Ronald P. Nordgren, Compound Lucas Magic Squares, arXiv:2103.04774 [math.GM], 2021. See Table 2 p. 12.
H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table II.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Central Difference.

a(n) = A090438(n, 2), n >= 1 (first column of (4, 2)-Stirling2 array).

Cf. A000142, A010050, A090438, A002544. Cf. A002671, A002672, A002673, A002675, A002676, A002677.

[n*Factorial(2*n-1): n in [1..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 23 2013

seq((2*k)!/2, k=1..20); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Aug 22 2013

Table[n! Pochhammer[n, n], {n, 0, 10}] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 16 2009 *)
Table[(2 n)! / 2, {n, 1, 15}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 23 2013 *)

a(n) = (2*n)!/2; \\ Indranil Ghosh, Apr 18 2017

4*sinh(x/2)^2 = Sum_{k>=1} x^(2k)/a(k). - Benoit Cloitre, Dec 08 2002
E.g.f.: (hypergeom([1/2, 1], [], 4*x)-1)/2 (cf. A090438).
a(n) = n*(2n-1)!. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 16 2009
a(n) = A010050(n)/2. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Aug 22 2013
a(n) = Product_{k=0..n-1} (n^2 - k^2). - Stanislav Sykora, Jul 14 2014
Series reversion ( Sum_{n >= 1} x^n/a(n) ) = Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^n*x^n/b(n-1), where b(n) = A002544(n). - Peter Bala, Apr 18 2017
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 09 2020: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 2*(cosh(1) - 1).
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 2*(1 - cos(1)). (End)

A002671 a(n) = 4^n(2n+1)!.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 24, 1920, 322560, 92897280, 40874803200, 25505877196800, 21424936845312000, 23310331287699456000, 31888533201572855808000, 53572735778642397757440000, 108431217215972213061058560000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe

From Sanjar Abrarov, Mar 30 2019: (Start)
There is a formula for numerical integration (see MATLAB Central file ID# 71037):
Integral_{x=0..1} f(x) dx = 2*Sum_{m=1..M} Sum_{n>=0} 1/((2*M)^(2*n + 1)*(2*n + 1)!)*f^(2*n)(x)|_x = (m - 1/2)/M, where the notation f^(2*n)(x)|_x = (m - 1/2)/M is the (2*n)-th derivative of the function f(x) at the points x = (m - 1/2)/M.
When we choose M = 1, then the corresponding coefficients are generated as 2*1/(2^(2*n + 1)*(2*n + 1)!) = 1/(4^n*(2*n + 1)!).
Therefore, this sequence also occurs in the denominator of the numerical integration formula at M = 1. (End)
From Peter Bala, Oct 03 2019: (Start)
Denominators in the expansion of 2*sinh(x/2) = x + x^3/24 + x^5/1920 + x^7/322560 + ....
If f(x) is a polynomial in x then the central difference f(x+1/2) - f(x-1/2) = 2*sinh(D/2)(f(x)) = D(f(x)) + (1/24)*D^3(f(x)) + (1/1920)*D^5(f(x)) + ..., where D denotes the differential operator d/dx. Formulas for higher central differences in terms of powers of the operator D can be obtained from the expansion of powers of the function 2*sinh(x/2). For example, the expansion (2*sinh(x/2))^2 = x^2 + (1/12)*x^4 + (1/360)*x^6 + .. leads to the second central difference formula f(x+1) - 2*f(x) + f(x-1) = D^2(f(x)) + (1/12)*D^4(f(x)) + (1/360)* D^6(f(x)) + .... See A002674. (End)

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Delbert L. Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..201
S. M. Abrarov and B. M. Quine, Array numerical integration by enhanced midpoint rule, MATLAB Central file ID #: 71037.
H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables. [Note that there is a mistake in the definition of this sequence on line 2 of page 164.]
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table I.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Central Difference.
Index to divisibility sequences.

A bisection of A002866 and (apart from initial term) also a bisection of A007346.
Row sums of A225076. - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 27 2013
Cf. A002672, A002673, A002674, A002675, A002676, A002677.

a[n_] := 4^n*(2*n + 1)!; Array[a, 12, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, Apr 09 2022 *)

PARI
```
a(n)=4^n*(2*n+1)!
```

a(n) = 16^n * Pochhammer(1,n) * Pochhammer(3/2,n). - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 26 2013
From Amiram Eldar, Apr 09 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 2*sinh(1/2).
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = 2*sin(1/2). (End)

More terms from Michael Somos

A002672 Denominators of central difference coefficients M_{3}^(2n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 1920, 193536, 154828800, 1167851520, 892705701888000, 1428329123020800, 768472460034048000, 4058540589291090739200, 196433364521688791777280000, 5957759187690780937420800000, 30447485794244997427545243648000000, 341011840895543971188506728857600000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

From Peter Bala, Oct 03 2019: (Start)
Denominators in the expansion of (2*sinh(x/2))^3 = x^3 + (1/8)*x^5 + (13/1920)*x^7 + (41/193536)*x^9 + ....
Let f(x) be a polynomial in x. The expansion of (2*sinh(x/2))^3 leads to a formula for the third central differences: f(x+3/2) - 3*f(x+1/2) + 3*f(x-1/2) - f(x-3/2) = (2*sinh(D/2))^3(f(x)) = D^3(f(x)) + (1/8)*D^5(f(x)) + (13/1920)* D^7(f(x)) + ..., where D denotes the differential operator d/dx. (End)

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table I.
E. W. Weisstein, Central Difference. From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.

Cf. A002673 (for numerators). Cf. A002671, A002674, A002675, A002676, A002677.

a(n) = denominator(3! * m(3, 2 * n + 1) / (2 * n + 1)!) where m(k, k) = 1; m(k, q) = 0 for k = 0, k > q, or k + q odd; m(1, q) = 1/2^(q-1) for odd q; m(2, q) = 1 for even q; m(k, q+2) = m(k-2, q) + (k/2)^2 * m(k, q) otherwise. [From Salzer] - Sean A. Irvine, Dec 20 2016

A002675 Numerators of coefficients for central differences M_{4}^(2*n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 17, 31, 1, 5461, 257, 73, 1271, 60787, 241, 22369621, 617093, 49981, 16843009, 5726623061, 7957, 91625968981, 61681, 231927781, 50991843607, 499069107643, 4043309297, 1100586419201, 5664905191661, 1672180312771

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane

From Peter Bala, Oct 03 2019: (Start)
Numerators in the expansion of (2*sinh(x/2))^4 = x^4 + (1/6)*x^6 + (1/80)*x^8 + (17/30240)*x^10 + ....
Let f(x) be a polynomial in x. The expansion of (2*sinh(x/2))^4 leads to a formula for the fourth central differences: f(x+2) - 4*f(x+1) + 6*f(x) - 4*f(x-1) + f(x-2) = (2*sinh(D/2))^4(f(x)) = D^4(f(x)) + (1/6)*D^6(f(x)) + (1/80)* D^8(f(x)) + (17/30240)*D^10(f(x)) + ..., where D denotes the differential operator d/dx. (End)

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table II.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table III
E. W. Weisstein, Central Difference. From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.

Cf. A002676 and A002677 (two different choices for denominators).
Also equals A002430/A002431.
Cf. A002671, A002672, A002673, A002674.

gf := (sinh(2*sqrt(x)) - 2*sinh(sqrt(x)))*sqrt(x):
ser := series(gf, x, 40): seq(numer(coeff(ser,x,n)), n=2..28); # Peter Luschny, Oct 05 2019

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, Dec 20 2016

A002677 Denominators of coefficients for central differences M_{3}'^(2*n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 40, 12096, 604800, 760320, 217945728000, 697426329600, 16937496576000, 30964207376793600, 187333454629601280000, 111407096483020800000, 1814811575069725360128000000, 10162944820390462016716800000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table III

Numerators are A002675.

Cf. A002671, A002672, A002673, A002674, A002676.

gf := (sinh(2*sqrt(x)) - 2*sinh(sqrt(x)))/sqrt(x): ser := series(gf, x, 20):
seq(denom(coeff(ser, x, n)), n=1..14); # Peter Luschny, Oct 05 2019

From Peter Bala, Oct 03 2019: (Start)
a(n) are the denominators in the expansion of (1/2)*(d/dx)(2*sinh(sqrt(x)/2))^4 =
x + (1/4)*x^2 + (1/40)*x^3 + (17/12096)*x^4 + (31/604800)*x^5 + ...
The a(n) also appear as denominators in the difference formula: (1/2)*f(x+2) - f(x+1) + f(x-1) - (1/2)*f(x-2) = D^3(f(x)) + (1/4)*D^5(f(x)) + (1/40)*D^7(f(x)) + (17/12096)*D^9(f(x)) + ..., where D denotes the differential operator d/dx.
(End)

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, Dec 20 2016

A002676 Denominators of coefficients for central differences M_{4}^(2*n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 80, 30240, 1814400, 2661120, 871782912000, 3138418483200, 84687482880000, 170303140572364800, 1124000727777607680000, 724146127139635200000, 12703681025488077520896000000, 76222086152928465125376000000, 1531041037877004667453440000000

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane

From Peter Bala, Oct 03 2019: (Start)
Denominators in the expansion of (2*sinh(x/2))^4 = x^4 + (1/6)*x^6 + (1/80)*x^8 + (17/30240)*x^10 + ....
Let f(x) be a polynomial in x. The expansion of (2*sinh(x/2))^4 leads to a formula for the fourth central differences: f(x+2) - 4*f(x+1) + 6*f(x) - 4*f(x-1) + f(x-2) = (2*sinh(D/2))^4(f(x)) = D^4(f(x)) + (1/6)*D^6(f(x)) + (1/80)*D^8(f(x)) + (17/30240)*D^10(f(x)) + ..., where D denotes the differential operator d/dx. (End)

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table II.
E. W. Weisstein, Central Difference. From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.

Cf. A002675 (numerators). Cf. A002671, A002672, A002673, A002674, A002677.

gf := 6 - 8*cosh(sqrt(x)) + 2*cosh(2*sqrt(x)): ser := series(gf, x, 40):
seq(denom(coeff(ser,x,n)), n=2..16); # Peter Luschny, Oct 05 2019

a(n) = denominator(4! * m(4, 2 * n) / (2 * n)!) where m(k, q) is defined in A002672. - Sean A. Irvine, Dec 20 2016

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, Dec 20 2016

A323993 Numerators of central difference coefficients M_{5}^(2n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 23, 227, 631

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 14 2019

Salzer's table extends to M_{5}^(29).

H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table I.

Cf. 1/A002671, A002673/A002672, A323994 (denominators).

A323994 Denominators of central difference coefficients M_{5}^(2n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 24, 1152, 193536, 13271040

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 14 2019

Salzer's table extends to M_{5}^(29).

H. E. Salzer, Tables of coefficients for obtaining central differences from the derivatives, Journal of Mathematics and Physics (this journal is also called Studies in Applied Mathematics), 42 (1963), 162-165, plus several inserted tables.
H. E. Salzer, Annotated scanned copy of left side of Table I.

Cf. 1/A002671, A002673/A002672, A323993 (numerators).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A002674 a(n) = (2n)!/2.

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A002671 a(n) = 4^n*(2*n+1)!.

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A002672 Denominators of central difference coefficients M_{3}^(2n+1).

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A002675 Numerators of coefficients for central differences M_{4}^(2*n).

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A002677 Denominators of coefficients for central differences M_{3}'^(2*n+1).

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A002676 Denominators of coefficients for central differences M_{4}^(2*n).

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Maple

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A323993 Numerators of central difference coefficients M_{5}^(2n+1).

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A323994 Denominators of central difference coefficients M_{5}^(2n+1).

A002671 a(n) = 4^n(2n+1)!.