A055582 -id:A055582 - cp's OEIS frontend

1, 4, 1, 13, 5, 1, 38, 18, 6, 1, 104, 56, 24, 7, 1, 272, 160, 80, 31, 8, 1, 688, 432, 240, 111, 39, 9, 1, 1696, 1120, 672, 351, 150, 48, 10, 1, 4096, 2816, 1792, 1023, 501, 198, 58, 11, 1, 9728, 6912, 4608, 2815, 1524, 699, 256, 69, 12, 1, 22784, 16640, 11520

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, May 26 2000

In the language of the Shapiro et al. reference (given in A053121) such a lower triangular (ordinary) convolution array, considered as matrix, belongs to the Riordan-group. The G.f. for the row polynomials p(n,x) (increasing powers of x) is (((1-z)^2)/(1-2*z)^3)/(1-x*z/(1-z)).
This is the third member of the family of Riordan-type matrices obtained from A007318(n,m) (Pascal's triangle read as lower triangular matrix) by repeated application of the prs-procedure.
The column sequences appear as A049611(n+1), A001793, A001788, A055580, A055581, A055582, A055583 for m=0..6.

			[0] 1
[1] 4, 1
[2] 13, 5, 1
[3] 38, 18, 6, 1
[4] 104, 56, 24, 7, 1
[5] 272, 160, 80, 31, 8, 1
[6] 688, 432, 240, 111, 39, 9, 1
[7] 1696, 1120, 672, 351, 150, 48, 10, 1
Fourth row polynomial (n = 3): p(3, x) = 38 + 18*x + 6*x^2 + x^3.

Cf. A007318, A055248, A055249. Row sums: A049612(n+1)= A055584(n, 0).

T := (n, k) -> binomial(n, k)*hypergeom([3, k - n], [k + 1], -1):
for n from 0 to 7 do seq(simplify(T(n, k)), k = 0..n) od; # Peter Luschny, Sep 23 2024

a(n, m)=sum(A055249(n, k), k=m..n), n >= m >= 0, a(n, m) := 0 if n

Column m recursion: a(n, m)= sum(a(j, m), j=m..n-1)+ A055249(n, m), n >= m >= 0, a(n, m) := 0 if n

G.f. for column m: (((1-x)^2)/(1-2*x)^3)*(x/(1-x))^m, m >= 0.

T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*hypergeom([3, k - n], [k + 1], -1). - Peter Luschny, Sep 23 2024

A110441 Triangular array formed by the Mersenne numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 1, 7, 6, 1, 15, 23, 9, 1, 31, 72, 48, 12, 1, 63, 201, 198, 82, 15, 1, 127, 522, 699, 420, 125, 18, 1, 255, 1291, 2223, 1795, 765, 177, 21, 1, 511, 3084, 6562, 6768, 3840, 1260, 238, 24, 1, 1023, 7181, 18324, 23276, 16758, 7266, 1932, 308, 27, 1

Offset: 0

Asamoah Nkwanta (nkwanta(AT)jewel.morgan.edu), Aug 08 2005

This sequence factors A038255 into a product of Riordan arrays.
Subtriangle of the triangle given by (0, 3, -2/3, 2/3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 19 2012
From Peter Bala, Jul 22 2014: (Start)
Let M denote the lower unit triangular array A130330 and for k = 0,1,2,... define M(k) to be the lower unit triangular block array
/I_k 0\
\ 0  M/
having the k x k identity matrix I_k as the upper left block; in particular, M(0) = M. Then the present triangle equals the infinite matrix product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*... (which is clearly well-defined). See the Example section. (End)
For 1<=k<=n, T(n,k) equals the number of (n-1)-length ternary words containing k-1 letters equal 2 and avoiding 01 and 02. - Milan Janjic, Dec 20 2016
The convolution triangle of the Mersenne numbers. - Peter Luschny, Oct 09 2022

			Triangle starts:
   1;
   3,  1;
   7,  6,  1;
  15, 23,  9,  1;
  31, 72, 48, 12,  1;
(0, 3, -2/3, 2/3, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) begins:
  1
  0,  1
  0,  3,  1
  0,  7,  6,  1
  0, 15, 23,  9,  1
  0, 31, 72, 48, 12, 1. - _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 19 2012
With the arrays M(k) as defined in the Comments section, the infinite product M(0*)M(1)*M(2)*... begins
/ 1          \/1         \/1        \      / 1       \
| 3  1       ||0  1      ||0 1      |      | 3  1    |
| 7  3 1     ||0  3 1    ||0 0 1    |... = | 7  6 1  |
|15  7 3 1   ||0  7 3 1  ||0 0 3 1  |      |15 23 9 1|
|31 15 7 3 1 ||0 15 7 3 1||0 0 7 3 1|      |...      |
|...         ||...       ||...      |      |...      | - _Peter Bala_, Jul 22 2014

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11475 (rows 0 <= n <= 150)
Naiomi T. Cameron and Asamoah Nkwanta, On Some (Pseudo) Involutions in the Riordan Group, J. Int. Seq. 8 (2005), #05.3.7.
Milan Janjić, Words and Linear Recurrences, J. Int. Seq. 21 (2018), #18.1.4.

Cf. A000225, A130330, A206306, A116414.

# Uses function PMatrix from A357368. Adds column 1, 0, 0, ... to the left.
PMatrix(10, n -> 2^n - 1); # Peter Luschny, Oct 09 2022

With[{n = 9}, DeleteCases[#, 0] & /@ CoefficientList[Series[1/(1 - (3 + y) x + 2 x^2), {x, 0, n}, {y, 0, n}], {x, y}]] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Apr 25 2018 *)

Riordan array M(n, k): (1/(1-3z+2z^2), z/(1-3z+2z^2)). Leftmost column M(n, 0) is the Mersenne numbers A000225, first column is A045618, second column is A055582, row sum is A007070 and diagonal sum is even-indexed Fibonacci numbers A001906.
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n} C(j+k,k)C(n-j,k)2^(n-j-k). - Paul Barry, Feb 13 2006
From Philippe Deléham, Mar 19 2012: (Start)
G.f.: 1/(1-(3+y)*x+2*x^2).
T(n,k) = 3*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) -2*T(n-2,k), T(0,0) = 1, T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n.
Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000225(n+1), A007070(n), A107839(n), A154244(n), A186446(n), A190975(n+1), A190979(n+1), A190869(n+1) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 respectively. (End)
Recurrence: T(n+1,k+1) = Sum_{i=0..n-k} (2^(i+1) - 1)*T(n-i,k). - Peter Bala, Jul 22 2014
From Peter Bala, Oct 07 2019: (Start)
Recurrence for row polynomials: R(n,x) = (3 + x)*R(n-1,x) - 2*R(n-2,x) with R(0,x) = 1 and R(1,x) = 3 + x.
The row reverse polynomial x^n*R(n,1/x) is equal to the numerator polynomial of the finite continued fraction 1 + x/(1 + 2*x/(1 + ... + x/(1 + 2*x/(1)))) (with 2*n partial numerators). Cf. A116414. (End)

A058395 Square array read by antidiagonals. Based on triangular numbers (A000217) with each term being the sum of 2 consecutive terms in the previous row.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 6, 3, 4, 3, 1, 0, 6, 6, 6, 4, 1, 10, 6, 9, 10, 9, 5, 1, 0, 10, 12, 15, 16, 13, 6, 1, 15, 10, 16, 21, 25, 25, 18, 7, 1, 0, 15, 20, 28, 36, 41, 38, 24, 8, 1, 21, 15, 25, 36, 49, 61, 66, 56, 31, 9, 1, 0, 21, 30, 45, 64, 85, 102, 104, 80, 39, 10, 1, 28, 21, 36, 55, 81, 113, 146, 168, 160, 111, 48, 11, 1

Offset: 0

Henry Bottomley, Nov 24 2000

Changing the formula by replacing T(2n, 0) = T(n, 3) with T(2n, 0) = T(n, m) for some other value of m would change the generating function to the coefficient of x^n in expansion of (1 + x)^k / (1 - x^2)^m. This would produce A058393, A058394, A057884 (and effectively A007318).

			The array T(n, k) starts:
[0] 1, 0,  3,   0,   6,   0,  10,    0,   15,    0, ...
[1] 1, 1,  3,   3,   6,   6,  10,   10,   15,   15, ...
[2] 1, 2,  4,   6,   9,  12,  16,   20,   25,   30, ...
[3] 1, 3,  6,  10,  15,  21,  28,   36,   45,   55, ...
[4] 1, 4,  9,  16,  25,  36,  49,   64,   81,  100, ...
[5] 1, 5, 13,  25,  41,  61,  85,  113,  145,  181, ...
[6] 1, 6, 18,  38,  66, 102, 146,  198,  258,  326, ...
[7] 1, 7, 24,  56, 104, 168, 248,  344,  456,  584, ...
[8] 1, 8, 31,  80, 160, 272, 416,  592,  800, 1040, ...
[9] 1, 9, 39, 111, 240, 432, 688, 1008, 1392, 1840, ...

Rows are A000217 with zeros, A008805, A002620, A000217, A000290, A001844, A005899.
Columns are A000012, A001477, A016028.
Diagonals include A058396, A049611, A001793, A001788, A055580, A055581, A055582.
The triangle A055252 also appears in half of the array.

gf := n -> (1 + x)^n / (1 - x^2)^3: ser := n -> series(gf(n), x, 20):
seq(lprint([n], seq(coeff(ser(n), x, k), k = 0..9)), n = 0..9); # Peter Luschny, Apr 12 2023

T[0, k_] := If[OddQ[k], 0, (k+2)(k+4)/8];
T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = If[k == 0, 1, T[n-1, k-1] + T[n-1, k]];
Table[T[n-k, k], {n, 0, 12}, {k, n, 0, -1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 13 2023 *)

T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n, k-1) with T(0, k) = 1, T(2*n, 0) = T(n, 3) and T(2*n + 1, 0) = 0. Coefficient of x^n in expansion of (1 + x)^k / (1 - x^2)^3.

A055583 Seventh column of triangle A055252.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 58, 256, 955, 3178, 9740, 28064, 77093, 203930, 523262, 1309520, 3209871, 7731642, 18348240, 42989520, 99612345, 228586890, 520090690, 1174401760, 2634019171, 5872021450, 13019115028, 28722588736, 63082326605

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, May 26 2000

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..3295
Robert Davis, Greg Simay, Further Combinatorics and Applications of Two-Toned Tilings, arXiv:2001.11089 [math.CO], 2020.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (10,-42,96,-129,102,-44,8).

Cf. A055252, A055249, A055250, partial sums of A055582.

CoefficientList[Series[1/(((1 - 2 x)^3) (1 - x)^4), {x, 0, 24}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Apr 24 2020 *)
LinearRecurrence[{10,-42,96,-129,102,-44,8},{1,10,58,256,955,3178,9740},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 06 2022 *)

G.f.: 1/(((1-2*x)^3)*(1-x)^4).
a(n) = A055252(n+6, 6).
a(n) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} a(j) + A055250(n), n >= 1.

A055586 Sixth column of triangle A055584.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 59, 268, 1037, 3598, 11535, 34832, 100369, 278546, 749587, 1966100, 5046293, 12714006, 31522839, 77070360, 186122265, 444596250, 1051721755, 2466250780, 5737807901, 13254000670, 30417092639, 69390565408

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, May 26 2000

A. F. Y. Zhao, Pattern Popularity in Multiply Restricted Permutations, Journal of Integer Sequences, 17 (2014), #14.10.3.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (10,-41,88,-104,64,-16).

Cf. A055584.

Partial sums of A027608.

CoefficientList[Series[1/(((1-x)^2)(1-2x)^4),{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{10,-41,88,-104,64,-16},{1,10,59,268,1037,3598},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 31 2025 *)

Vec(1/(((1-x)^2)*(1-2*x)^4) + O(x^40)) \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 11 2015

G.f.: 1/(((1-x)^2)*(1-2*x)^4).
a(n) = A055584(n+5, 5).
a(n) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} a(j) + A055582(n) for n >= 1.
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(x + 9) + 8*exp(2*x)*(2*x^3 + 3*x^2 + 6*x - 3)/3. - Stefano Spezia, Sep 24 2024

A206306 Riordan array (1, x/(1-3x+2x^2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 7, 6, 1, 0, 15, 23, 9, 1, 0, 31, 72, 48, 12, 1, 0, 63, 201, 198, 82, 15, 1, 0, 127, 522, 699, 420, 125, 18, 1, 0, 255, 1291, 2223, 1795, 765, 177, 21, 1, 0, 511, 3084, 6562, 6768, 3840, 1260, 238, 24, 1

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Feb 06 2012

The convolution triangle of the Mersenne numbers A000225. - Peter Luschny, Oct 09 2022

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0,    1;
  0,    3,    1;
  0,    7,    6,     1;
  0,   15,   23,     9,     1;
  0,   31,   72,    48,    12,     1;
  0,   63,  201,   198,    82,    15,    1;
  0,  127,  522,   699,   420,   125,   18,    1;
  0,  255, 1291,  2223,  1795,   765,  177,   21,   1;
  0,  511, 3084,  6562,  6768,  3840, 1260,  238,  24,  1;
  0, 1023, 7181, 18324, 23276, 16758, 7266, 1932, 308, 27,  1;

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..50 of the triangle, flattened

Columns: A000007, A000225 (Mersenne numbers), A045618, A055582.
Cf. A008585, A009545, A084938, A062725, A110441, A204089, A204091.
Cf. A045741, A078020, A244038.

function T(n,k) // T = A206306
  if k lt 0 or k gt n then return 0;
  elif k eq n then return 1;
  elif k eq 0 then return 0;
  else return 3*T(n-1, k) +T(n-1, k-1) -2*T(n-2, k);
  end if; return T;
end function;
[T(n,k): k in [0..n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Dec 20 2022

# Uses function PMatrix from A357368.
PMatrix(10, n -> 2^n - 1); # Peter Luschny, Oct 09 2022

T[n_, k_]:= T[n, k]= If[k<0 || k>n, 0, If[k==n, 1, If[k==0, 0, 3*T[n- 1, k] +T[n-1, k-1] -2*T[n-2, k]]]];
Table[T[n, k], {n,0,12}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 20 2022 *)

def T(n,k): # T = A206306
    if (k<0 or k>n): return 0
    elif (k==n): return 1
    elif (k==0): return 0
    else: return 3*T(n-1, k) +T(n-1, k-1) -2*T(n-2, k)
flatten([[T(n,k) for k in range(n+1)] for n in range(13)]) # G. C. Greubel, Dec 20 2022

Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (0, 3, -2/3, 2/3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.
Diagonals sums are even-indexed Fibonacci numbers.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A204089(n), A204091(n) for x = 0, 1, 2 respectively.
G.f.: (1-3*x+2*x^)/(1-(3+y)*x+2*x^2).
From Philippe Deléham, Nov 17 2013; corrected Feb 13 2020: (Start)
T(n, n) = 1.
T(n+1, n) = 3n = A008585(n).
T(n+2, n) = A062725(n).
T(n,k) = 3*T(n-1,k)+T(n-1,k-1)-2*T(n-2,k), T(0,0)=T(1,1)=T(2,2)=1, T(1,0)=T(2,0)=0, T(2,1)=3, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if k>n. (End)
From G. C. Greubel, Dec 20 2022: (Start)
Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*T(n,k) = [n=1] - A009545(n).
Sum_{k=0..n} (-2)^k*T(n,k) = [n=1] + A078020(n+1).
T(2*n, n+1) = A045741(n+2), n >= 0.
T(2*n+1, n+1) = A244038(n). (End)

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cp's OEIS Frontend

A055252 Triangle of partial row sums (prs) of triangle A055249.

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A110441 Triangular array formed by the Mersenne numbers.

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A058395 Square array read by antidiagonals. Based on triangular numbers (A000217) with each term being the sum of 2 consecutive terms in the previous row.

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A055583 Seventh column of triangle A055252.

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A055586 Sixth column of triangle A055584.

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A206306 Riordan array (1, x/(1-3*x+2*x^2)).

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A206306 Riordan array (1, x/(1-3x+2x^2)).