A160467 -id:A160467 - cp's OEIS frontend

A220466 a((2n-1)2^p) = 4^p(n-1) + 2^(p-1)(1+2^p), p >= 0 and n >= 1.

1, 3, 2, 10, 3, 7, 4, 36, 5, 11, 6, 26, 7, 15, 8, 136, 9, 19, 10, 42, 11, 23, 12, 100, 13, 27, 14, 58, 15, 31, 16, 528, 17, 35, 18, 74, 19, 39, 20, 164, 21, 43, 22, 90, 23, 47, 24, 392, 25, 51, 26, 106, 27, 55, 28, 228, 29, 59, 30, 122, 31, 63, 32, 2080, 33, 67, 34, 138, 35

Offset: 1

Johannes W. Meijer, Dec 24 2012

The a(n) appeared in the analysis of A220002, a sequence related to the Catalan numbers.
The first Maple program makes use of a program by Peter Luschny for the calculation of the a(n) values. The second Maple program shows that this sequence has a beautiful internal structure, see the first formula, while the third Maple program makes optimal use of this internal structure for the fast calculation of a(n) values for large n.
The cross references lead to sequences that have the same internal structure as this sequence.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Ralf Stephan, Some divide-and-conquer sequences with simple ordinary generating functions, The OEIS, Jan 01 2004.

Cf. A000027 (the natural numbers), A000120 (1's-counting sequence), A000265 (remove 2's from n), A001316 (Gould's sequence), A001511 (the ruler function), A003484 (Hurwitz-Radon numbers), A003602 (a fractal sequence), A006519 (highest power of 2 dividing n), A007814 (binary carry sequence), A010060 (Thue-Morse sequence), A014577 (dragon curve), A014707 (dragon curve), A025480 (nim-values), A026741, A035263 (first Feigenbaum symbolic sequence), A037227, A038712, A048460, A048896, A051176, A053381 (smooth nowhere-zero vector fields), A055975 (Gray code related), A059134, A060789, A060819, A065916, A082392, A085296, A086799, A088837, A089265, A090739, A091512, A091519, A096268, A100892, A103391, A105321 (a fractal sequence), A109168 (a continued fraction), A117973, A129760, A151930, A153733, A160467, A162728, A181988, A182241, A191488 (a companion to Gould's sequence), A193365, A220466 (this sequence).

-- Following Ralf Stephan's recurrence:
import Data.List (transpose)
a220466 n = a006519_list !! (n-1)
a220466_list = 1 : concat
   (transpose [zipWith (-) (map (* 4) a220466_list) a006519_list, [2..]])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 31 2014

# First Maple program
a := n -> 2^padic[ordp](n, 2)*(n+1)/2 : seq(a(n), n=1..69); # Peter Luschny, Dec 24 2012
# Second Maple program
nmax:=69: for p from 0 to ceil(simplify(log[2](nmax))) do for n from 1 to ceil(nmax/(p+2)) do a((2*n-1)*2^p) := 4^p*(n-1)  + 2^(p-1)*(1+2^p) od: od: seq(a(n), n=1..nmax);
# Third Maple program
nmax:=69: for p from 0 to ceil(simplify(log[2](nmax))) do n:=2^p: n1:=1: while n <= nmax do a(n) := 4^p*(n1-1)+2^(p-1)*(1+2^p): n:=n+2^(p+1): n1:= n1+1: od: od:  seq(a(n), n=1..nmax);

A220466 = Module[{n, p}, p = IntegerExponent[#, 2]; n = (#/2^p + 1)/2; 4^p*(n - 1) + 2^(p - 1)*(1 + 2^p)] &; Array[A220466, 50] (* JungHwan Min, Aug 22 2016 *)

a(n)=if(n%2,n\2+1,4*a(n/2)-2^valuation(n/2,2)) \\ Ralf Stephan, Dec 17 2013

a((2*n-1)*2^p) = 4^p*(n-1) + 2^(p-1)*(1+2^p), p >= 0 and n >= 1. Observe that a(2^p) = A007582(p).
a(n) = ((n+1)/2)*(A060818(n)/A060818(n-1))
a(n) = (-1/64)*(q(n+1)/q(n))/(2*n+1) with q(n) = (-1)^(n+1)*2^(4*n-5)*(2*n)!*A060818(n-1) or q(n) = (1/8)*A220002(n-1)*1/(A098597(2*n-1)/A046161(2*n))*1/(A008991(n-1)/A008992(n-1))
Recurrence: a(2n) = 4a(n) - 2^A007814(n), a(2n+1) = n+1. - Ralf Stephan, Dec 17 2013

A002472 Number of pairs x,y such that y-x=2, (x,n)=1, (y,n)=1 and 1 <= x <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 9, 2, 11, 5, 3, 8, 15, 3, 17, 6, 5, 9, 21, 4, 15, 11, 9, 10, 27, 3, 29, 16, 9, 15, 15, 6, 35, 17, 11, 12, 39, 5, 41, 18, 9, 21, 45, 8, 35, 15, 15, 22, 51, 9, 27, 20, 17, 27, 57, 6, 59, 29, 15, 32, 33, 9, 65, 30, 21, 15, 69, 12, 71, 35, 15, 34, 45, 11, 77, 24, 27

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

This is the function phi(n, 2) defined in Alder. - Michel Marcus, Nov 14 2017

			For n = 4, the condition gcd(x,4) = gcd(x+2,4) = 1 is satisfied by exactly two positive integers x not exceeding n, namely, by x = 1 and x = 3. Therefore a(4) = 2.

V. A. Golubev, Sur certaines fonctions multiplicatives et le problème des jumeaux. Mathesis 67 (1958), 11-20.
V. A. Golubev, Nombres de Mersenne et caractères du nombre 2. Mathesis 67 (1958), 257-262.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)
Henry L. Alder, A Generalization of the Euler phi-Function, The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 65, No. 9 (Nov., 1958), pp. 690-692.
V. A. Golubev, A generalization of the functions phi(n) and pi(x), Časopis pro pěstování matematiky 78 (1953), 47-48.
V. A. Golubev, Exact formulas for the number of twin primes and other generalizations of the function pi(x), Časopis pro pěstování matematiky 87 (1962), 296-305.
Alexei Kourbatov and Marek Wolf, Predicting maximal gaps in sets of primes, arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.03785 [math.NT], 2019.

Cf. A000010 (phi(n,0)), A058026 (phi(n,1)), A065474.
Similar generalizations of Euler's totient for prime k-tuples: this sequence (k=2), A319534 (k=3), A319516 (k=4), A321029 (k=5), A321030 (k=6).
Cf. A160467, A000265.

a002472 n = length [x | x <- [1..n], gcd n x == 1, gcd n (x + 2) == 1]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 23 2012

with(numtheory): seq(add(mobius(d)*phi(2*n)/phi(2*d), d in divisors(n)), n=1..100); # Ridouane Oudra, Aug 20 2024

a[n_] := If[ Head[ r=Reduce[ GCD[x, n] == 1 && GCD[x+2, n] == 1 && 1 <= x <= n, x, Integers]] === Or, Length[r], 1]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 81}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 22 2011 *)
(* Second program (5 times faster): *)
a[n_] := Sum[Boole[GCD[n, x] == 1 && GCD[n, x+2] == 1], {x, 1, n}];
Array[a, 81] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 19 2018, after Michel Marcus *)
f[p_, e_] := If[p == 2, p^(e-1), (p-2)*p^(e-1)]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Jan 22 2020 *)

a(n)=my(k=valuation(n,2),f=factor(n>>k));prod(i=1,#f[,1],(f[i,1]-2)*f[i,1]^(f[i,2]-1))<Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 22 2011

a(n) = sum(x=1, n, (gcd(n,x) == 1) && (gcd(n, x+2) == 1)); \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 14 2017

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(e-1) if p = 2; (p-2)*p^(e-1) if p > 2. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} [GCD(2*n-k,n) * GCD(k+2,n) = 1], where [ ] is the Iverson bracket. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 29 2021
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^2, where c = (3/4) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 2/p^2) = (3/4) * A065474 = 0.2419755742... . - Amiram Eldar, Oct 23 2022
From Ridouane Oudra, Aug 20 2024: (Start)
a(n) = phi(2*n) * Sum_{d|n} mu(d)/phi(2*d).
a(n) = - phi(n) * Sum_{d|n} mu(2*d)/phi(d).
a(n) = A160467(n)*A058026(A000265(n)).
a(2*n+1) = A070554(n).
a(2^m*(2*n+1)) = 2^(m-1)*A070554(n), with m>0. (End)

More terms from David W. Wilson

A140670 a(n) = 1 if n is odd; otherwise, a(n) = 2^k - 1 where 2^k is the largest power of 2 that divides n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 15, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 31, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 15, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 63, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 15, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 31, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Michael Somos, May 21 2008

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..16384

Cf. A001620, A006519, A135481, A160467, A059841, A330569.

a[n_] := If[OddQ[n], 1, 2^IntegerExponent[n, 2] - 1]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Oct 22 2022 *)

{a(n) = if(n==0, 0, if(n%2, 1, 2^valuation(n, 2) - 1))}

def A140670(n): return max(1,(n&-n)-1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 08 2022

a(n) is multiplicative with a(2^e) = 2^e - 1 if e > 0, a(p^e) = 1 if p > 2.
a(2*n + 1) = 1. a(-n) = a(n). a(2*n) = 2 * a(n) + (-1)^n unless n=0.
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)*(1+2^(1-2s)-2^(1-s))/(1-2^(1-s)). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 07 2011
a(n) = (2*A160467(n))-1. - Antti Karttunen, Nov 18 2017
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ (1/(2*log(2))) * (n*log(n) + (gamma + log(2)/2 - 1) * n), where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 22 2022
a(n) = A006519(n) - A059841(n). - Ridouane Oudra, Jul 30 2025

A160466 Row sums of the Eta triangle A160464.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -9, -87, -2925, -75870, -2811375, -141027075, -18407924325, -1516052821500, -153801543183750, -18845978136851250, -2744283682352086875, -468435979952504313750, -92643070481933918821875

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

It is conjectured that the row sums of the Eta triangle depend on five different sequences.

Two Maple algorithms are given. The first one gives the row sums according to the Eta triangle A160464 and the second one gives the row sums according to our conjecture.

A160464 is the Eta triangle.

Row sum factors A119951, A000466, A043529, A045896 and A160467.

nmax:=15; c(2) := -1/3: for n from 3 to nmax do c(n):=(2*n-2)*c(n-1)/(2*n-1)-1/ ((n-1)*(2*n-1)) end do: for n from 2 to nmax do GCS(n-1) := ln(1/(2^(-(2*(n-1)-1-floor(ln(n-1)/ ln(2))))))/ln(2); p(n):=2^(-GCS(n-1))*(2*n-1)!; ETA(n, 1) := p(n)*c(n) end do: mmax:=nmax: for m from 2 to mmax do ETA(2, m) := 0 end do: for n from 3 to nmax do for m from 2 to mmax do q(n) := (1+(-1)^(n-3)*(floor(ln(n-1)/ln(2)) - floor(ln(n-2)/ln(2)))): ETA(n, m) := q(n)*(-ETA(n-1, m-1)+(n-1)^2*ETA(n-1, m)) end do end do: for n from 2 to nmax do s1(n):=0: for m from 1 to n-1 do s1(n) := s1(n) + ETA(n, m) end do end do: seq(s1(n), n=2..nmax);
# End first program.
nmax:=nmax; A160467 := proc(n): denom(4*(4^n-1)*bernoulli(2*n)/n) end: A043529 := proc(n): ceil(frac(log[2](n+1))+1) end proc: A000466 := proc(n): 4*n^2-1 end proc: A045896 := proc(n): denom((n)/((n+1)*(n+2))) end proc: A119951 := proc(n) : numer(sum(((2*k1)!/(k1!*(k1+1)!))/2^(2*(k1-1)), k1=1..n)) end proc: for n from 1 to nmax do SF(2*n+1):= A000466(n)/A043529(n-1); SF(2*n+2) := A045896(n-1)/A160467(n+1) end do: FF(2):=1: for n from 3 to nmax do FF(n) := SF(n) * FF(n-1) end do: for n from 2 to nmax do s2(n):= (-1)*A119951(n-1)*FF(n) end do: seq(s2(n), n=2..nmax);
# End second program.

Rowsums(n) = (-1) * A119951(n-1) * FF(n) for n >= 2.
FF(n) = SF(n) * FF(n-1) for n >= 3 with FF(2) =1.
SF(2*n) = A045896(n-2) / A160467(n) for n >= 2.
SF(2*n+1) = A000466(n) / A043529(n-1) for n >= 1.

A259445 Multiplicative with a(n) = n if n is odd and a(2^s)=2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 2, 9, 10, 11, 6, 13, 14, 15, 2, 17, 18, 19, 10, 21, 22, 23, 6, 25, 26, 27, 14, 29, 30, 31, 2, 33, 34, 35, 18, 37, 38, 39, 10, 41, 42, 43, 22, 45, 46, 47, 6, 49, 50, 51, 26, 53, 54, 55, 14, 57, 58, 59, 30, 61, 62, 63, 2, 65, 66, 67, 34

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Jun 27 2015

If n = 2^s*m with m odd and s > 0 then a(n) = 2*m.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Peter Bala, A signed Dirichlet product of arithmetical functions
Index to divisibility sequences

Cf. A000265, A022998, A018819, A046897, A160467, A321558.

A259445 := proc(n::integer)
    local a, pe, p,e ;
    a := 1 ;
    for pe in ifactors(n)[2] do
        p := op(1,pe) ;
        e := op(2,pe) ;
        if p = 2 then
            a := 2*a ;
        else
            a := a*p^e  ;
        end if;
    end do:
    a;
end proc:
seq(A259445(n),n=1..80) ; # R. J. Mathar, Feb 21 2025

G[n_] := If[Mod[n, 2] == 0, n/2^(FactorInteger[n][[1, 2]] - 1), n]; Table[G[n], {n, 1, 70}]

a(n)=n>>max(valuation(n,2)-1,0) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 28 2015

From Peter Bala, Feb 21 2019: (Start)
a(n) = n*gcd(n,2)/gcd(n,2^n).
a(2*n) = 2*A000265(2*n); a(2*n+1) = A000265(2*n+1).
O.g.f.: x*(1 + 4*x + x^2)/(1 - x^2)^2 - 2*( F(x^2) + F(x^4) + F(x^8) + ... ), where F(x) = x/(1 - x)^2.
O.g.f. for reciprocals: Sum_{n >= 1} (1/a(n))*x^n = (3/4)*L(x) - (1/4)*L(-x) + (1/4)*( L(x^2) + L(x^4) + L(x^8) + ... ), where L(x) = log(1/(1 - x)).
(End)
From Peter Bala, Mar 09 2019: (Start)
a(n) = (-1)^(n+1)*Sum_ {d divides n} (-1)^(d+n/d)*phi(d), where phi(n)  = A000010(n) is the Euler totient function. Cf. the identity n = Sum_ {d divides n} phi(d). Cf. A046897 and A321558.
O.g.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} phi(n)*x^n/(1 + (-x)^n). (End)
From Amiram Eldar, Nov 28 2022: (Start)
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-1)*(1 + 1/2^(s-1) - 2/(2^s-1)).
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ (5/12) * n^2. (End)
a(n) = n /A160467(n). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 21 2025

A227577 Square array read by antidiagonals, A(n,k) the numerators of the elements of the difference table of the Euler polynomials evaluated at x=1, for n>=0, k>=0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -5, -1, -1, 0, 17, 17, 13, 5, -5, -13, -17, -17, 0, 17, 17, 47, 13, 47, 17, 17, 0, -31, -31, -107, -73, -13, 13, 73, 107, 31, 31, 0, -31, -31, -355

Offset: 0

Paul Curtz, Jul 16 2013

sign

The difference table of the Euler polynomials evaluated at x=1:
    1,   1/2,     0,    -1/4,     0,     1/2,      0,      -17/8, ...
  -1/2, -1/2,   -1/4,    1/4,    1/2,   -1/2,   -17/8,      17/8, ...
    0,   1/4,    1/2,    1/4;    -1,   -13/8,    17/4,     107/8, ...
   1/4,  1/4,   -1/4,   -5/4,   -5/8,   47/8,    73/8,    -355/8, ...
    0,  -1/2,    -1,     5/8    13/2,   13/4,  -107/2,    -655/8, ...
  -1/2, -1/2,   13/8,   47/8,  -13/4, -227/4,  -227/8,    5687/8, ...
    0,  17/8,   17/4,  -73/8, -107/2,  227/8,  2957/4,    2957/8, ...
  17/8, 17/8, -107/8, -355/8,  655/8, 5687/8, -2957/8, -107125/8, ...
To compute the difference table, take
    1,   1/2;
  -1/2;
The next term is always half of the sum of the antidiagonals. Hence (-1/2 + 1/2 = 0)
    1,   1/2,   0;
  -1/2, -1/2;
    0;
The first column (inverse binomial transform) lists the numbers (1, -1/2, 0, 1/4, ..., not in the OEIS; corresponds to A027641/A027642). See A209308 and A060096.
A198631(n)/A006519(n+1) is an autosequence. See A181722.
Note the main diagonal: 1, -1/2, 1/2, -5/4, 13/2, -227/4, 2957/4, -107125/8, .... (See A212196/A181131.)
This twice the first upper diagonal. The autosequence is of the second kind.
From 0, -1, the algorithm gives A226158(n), full Genocchi numbers, autosequence of the first kind.
The difference table of the Bernoulli polynomials evaluated at x=1 is (apart from signs) A085737/A085738 and its analysis by Ludwig Seidel was discussed in the Luschny link. - Peter Luschny, Jul 18 2013

			Read by antidiagonals:
    1;
  -1/2,  1/2;
    0,  -1/2,   0;
   1/4,  1/4, -1/4, -1/4;
    0,   1/4,  1/2,  1/4,   0;
  -1/2, -1/2, -1/4,  1/4,  1/2,  1/2;
    0,  -1/2, - 1,  -5/4,  -1,  -1/2,   0;
  ...
Row sums: 1, 0, -1/2, 0, 1, 0, -17/4, 0, ... = 2*A198631(n+1)/A006519(n+2).
Denominators: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, ... = A160467(n+2)?

Peter Luschny, The computation and asymptotics of the Bernoulli numbers.
OEIS Wiki, Autosequence

Cf. A164555/A027642 in A190339.

DifferenceTableEulerPolynomials := proc(n) local A,m,k,x;
A := array(0..n,0..n); x := 1;
for m from 0 to n do for k from 0 to n do A[m,k]:= 0 od od;
for m from 0 to n do A[m,0] := euler(m,x);
   for k from m-1 by -1 to 0 do
      A[k,m-k] := A[k+1,m-k-1] - A[k,m-k-1] od od;
LinearAlgebra[Transpose](convert(A, Matrix)) end:
DifferenceTableEulerPolynomials(7);  # Peter Luschny, Jul 18 2013

t[0, 0] = 1; t[0, k_] := EulerE[k, 1]; t[n_, 0] := -t[0, n]; t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] = t[n-1, k+1] - t[n-1, k]; Table[t[n-k, k] // Numerator, {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 18 2013 *)

def DifferenceTableEulerPolynomialsEvaluatedAt1(n) :
    @CachedFunction
    def ep1(n):          # Euler polynomial at x=1
        if n < 2: return 1 - n/2
        s = add(binomial(n,k)*ep1(k) for k in (0..n-1))
        return 1 - s/2
    T = matrix(QQ, n)
    for m in range(n) :  # Compute difference table
        T[m,0] = ep1(m)
        for k in range(m-1,-1,-1) :
            T[k,m-k] = T[k+1,m-k-1] - T[k,m-k-1]
    return T
def A227577_list(m):
    D = DifferenceTableEulerPolynomialsEvaluatedAt1(m)
    return [D[k,n-k].numerator() for n in range(m) for k in (0..n)]
A227577_list(12)  # Peter Luschny, Jul 18 2013

Corrected by Jean-François Alcover, Jul 17 2013

cp's OEIS Frontend

A220466 a((2*n-1)*2^p) = 4^p*(n-1) + 2^(p-1)*(1+2^p), p >= 0 and n >= 1.

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A002472 Number of pairs x,y such that y-x=2, (x,n)=1, (y,n)=1 and 1 <= x <= n.

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A140670 a(n) = 1 if n is odd; otherwise, a(n) = 2^k - 1 where 2^k is the largest power of 2 that divides n.

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A160466 Row sums of the Eta triangle A160464.

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A259445 Multiplicative with a(n) = n if n is odd and a(2^s)=2.

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A227577 Square array read by antidiagonals, A(n,k) the numerators of the elements of the difference table of the Euler polynomials evaluated at x=1, for n>=0, k>=0.

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A220466 a((2n-1)2^p) = 4^p(n-1) + 2^(p-1)(1+2^p), p >= 0 and n >= 1.