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For any prime p: when trailing zeros are removed from the terms written in base p, every positive integer not divisible by p appears (in base p) exactly once. For example, 4 is written "11" in base 3, and "11" appears when the trailing zeros are removed from "11000", which is the term 108 written in base 3.

Numbers m such that when the exponents e_1 .. e_k in the canonical factorization m = p_1^e_1 * ... * p_k^e_k are bitwise-xored together, the result is 1.

As a set, membership is determined by prime signature. It is a coset of A268390 within the positive integers under the binary operation A059897(.,.). Using standard arithmetic operations and any given prime p, this set can be derived from A268390 by dividing by p all the terms of A268390 whose squarefree part is a multiple of p and multiplying by p all the other terms of A268390.

This is a multiplicative self-inverse permutation of the integers.

A225547 gives the fixed points.

From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Feb 02 2020: (Start)

This sequence operates on the Fermi-Dirac factors of a number. As arranged in array form, in A329050, this sequence reflects these factors about the main diagonal of the array, substituting A329050[j,i] for A329050[i,j], and this results in many relationships including significant homomorphisms.

This sequence provides a relationship between the operations of squaring and prime shift (A003961) because each successive column of the A329050 array is the square of the previous column, and each successive row is the prime shift of the previous row.

A329050 gives examples of how significant sets of numbers can be formed by choosing their factors in relation to rows and/or columns. This sequence therefore maps equivalent derived sets by exchanging rows and columns. Thus odd numbers are exchanged for squares, squarefree numbers for powers of 2 etc.

Alternative construction: For n > 1, form a vector v of length A299090(n), where each element v[i] for i=1..A299090(n) is a product of those distinct prime factors p(i) of n whose exponent e(i) has the bit (i-1) "on", or 1 (as an empty product) if no such exponents are present. a(n) is then Product_{i=1..A299090(n)} A000040(i)^A048675(v[i]). Note that because each element of vector v is squarefree, it means that each exponent A048675(v[i]) present in the product is a "submask" (not all necessarily proper) of the binary string A087207(n).

This permutation effects the following mappings:

A000035(a(n)) = A010052(n), A010052(a(n)) = A000035(n). [Odd numbers <-> Squares]

A008966(a(n)) = A209229(n), A209229(a(n)) = A008966(n). [Squarefree numbers <-> Powers of 2]

(End)

From Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2020: (Start)

Moreover, we see also that this sequence maps between A016825 (Numbers of the form 4k+2) and A001105 (2*squares) as well as between A008586 (Multiples of 4) and A028983 (Numbers with even sum of the divisors).

(End)

This sequence and A000028 (its complement) give the unique solution to the problem of splitting the positive integers into two classes in such a way that products of pairs of distinct elements from either class occur with the same multiplicities [Lambek and Moser]. Cf. A000069, A001969.

See A000028 for precise definition, Maple program, etc.

The sequence contains products of even number of distinct terms of A050376. - Vladimir Shevelev, May 04 2010

From Vladimir Shevelev, Oct 28 2013: (Start)

Numbers m such that the infinitary Möbius function (A064179) of m equals 1. (This follows from the definition of A064179.)

A number m is in the sequence iff the number k = k(m) of terms of A050376 that divide m with odd maximal exponent is even (see example).

(End)

Numbers k for which A064547(k) [or equally, A268386(k)] is even. Numbers k for which A010060(A268387(k)) = 0. - Antti Karttunen, Feb 09 2016

The sequence is closed under the commutative binary operation A059897(.,.). As integers are self-inverse under A059897(.,.), it therefore forms a subgroup of the positive integers considered as a group under A059897(.,.). Specifically (expanding on the comment above dated May 04 2010) it is the subgroup of even length words in A050376, which is the group's lexicographically earliest ordered minimal set of generators. A000028, the set of odd length words in A050376, is its complementary coset. - Peter Munn, Nov 01 2019

From Amiram Eldar, Oct 02 2024: (Start)

Numbers whose number of infinitary divisors (A037445) is a square.

Numbers whose exponentially odious part (A367514) has an even number of distinct prime factors, i.e., numbers k such that A092248(A367514(k)) = 0. (End)

This sequence is a permutation of A050376, so every positive integer is the product of a unique subset, S_factors, of its terms. If we restrict S_factors to be chosen from a subset, S_0, consisting of numbers from specified rows and/or columns of this array, there are notable sequences among those that may be generated. See the examples. Other notable sequences can be generated if we restrict the intersection of S_factors with specific rows/columns to have even cardinality. In any of the foregoing cases, the numbers in the resulting sequence form a group under the binary operation A059897(.,.).

Shares with array A246278 the property that columns grow downward by iterating A003961, and indeed, this array can be obtained from A246278 by selecting its columns 1, 2, 8, 128, ..., 2^((2^k)-1), for k >= 0.

A(n,k) is the image of the lattice point with coordinates X=n and Y=k under the inverse of the bijection f defined in the first comment of A306697. This geometric relationship can be used to construct an isomorphism from the polynomial ring GF(2)[x,y] to a ring over the positive integers, using methods similar to those for constructing A297845 and A306697. See A329329, the ring's multiplicative operator, for details.

The sums of the first 10^k terms, for k = 1, 2, ..., are 11, 139, 1427, 14207, 141970, 1418563, 14183505, 141834204, 1418330298, 14183245181, ... . Apparently, the asymptotic mean of this sequence is limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = 1.4183... . - Amiram Eldar, Sep 10 2022

Number of different prime signatures of the 2n-almost primes in A268390. - Peter Munn, Dec 02 2021

Values of n for which all numbers in row A238747(n) are even. Also, numbers n such that A000005(n^m) is a perfect square for all nonnegative integers m; numbers n such that A181819(n) is a perfect square; numbers n such that A182860(n) is odd.

The numbers of terms not exceeding 10^k, for k = 1, 2, ..., are 3, 33, 314, 3119, 31436, 315888, 3162042, 31626518, 316284320, 3162915907, ... . Apparently, the asymptotic density of this sequence exists and equals 0.3162... . - Amiram Eldar, Nov 28 2023

This is well-defined because positive integers have a unique factorization into powers of nonunit squarefree numbers with distinct exponents that are powers of 2.

Each (infinite) row is the lexicographically earliest with product n and terms that are a (2^k)-th power for all k.

For all k, column k is column k+1 of A060176 conjugated by A225546.

Every missing number greater than 2 is a multiple of 4. Every power of 2 is missing. Every positive power of every squarefree number greater than 2 is present.

The defined factorization is unique. Every positive number is a product of at most one squarefree number (A005117), at most one square of a squarefree number (A062503), at most one 4th power of a squarefree number (A113849), at most one 8th power of a squarefree number, and so on.

Iteratively map m using A000188, until 1 is reached, as A000188^k(m), for some k >= 1. m is in the sequence if and only if the preceding number, A000188^(k-1)(m), is greater than 2. k can be shown to be A299090(m).

The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1 - Sum_{k>=0} (d(2^(k+1)) - d(2^k))/2^(2^(k+1)-1) = 0.78636642806078947931..., where d(k) = 2^(k-1)/((2^k-1)*zeta(k)) is the asymptotic density of odd k-free numbers for k >= 2, and d(1) = 0. - Amiram Eldar, Feb 10 2024