A006129 -id:A006129 - cp's OEIS frontend

A054780 Number of n-covers of a labeled n-set.

1, 1, 3, 32, 1225, 155106, 63602770, 85538516963, 386246934638991, 6001601072676524540, 327951891446717800997416, 64149416776011080449232990868, 45546527789182522411309599498741023, 118653450898277491435912500458608964207578

Offset: 0

Vladeta Jovovic, May 21 2000

Also, number of n X n rational {0,1}-matrices with no zero rows or columns and with all rows distinct, up to permutation of rows.

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Dec 19 2023: (Start)
Number of ways to choose n nonempty sets with union {1..n}. For example, the a(3) = 32 covers are:
  {1}{2}{3}  {1}{2}{13}  {1}{2}{123}  {1}{12}{123}  {12}{13}{123}
             {1}{2}{23}  {1}{3}{123}  {1}{13}{123}  {12}{23}{123}
             {1}{3}{12}  {1}{12}{13}  {1}{23}{123}  {13}{23}{123}
             {1}{3}{23}  {1}{12}{23}  {2}{12}{123}
             {2}{3}{12}  {1}{13}{23}  {2}{13}{123}
             {2}{3}{13}  {2}{3}{123}  {2}{23}{123}
                         {2}{12}{13}  {3}{12}{123}
                         {2}{12}{23}  {3}{13}{123}
                         {2}{13}{23}  {3}{23}{123}
                         {3}{12}{13}  {12}{13}{23}
                         {3}{12}{23}
                         {3}{13}{23}
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

Main diagonal of A055154.
Cf. A048291, A088310, A181230, A259763.
Covers with any number of edges are counted by A003465, unlabeled A055621.
Connected graphs of this type are counted by A057500, unlabeled A001429.
This is the covering case of A136556.
The case of graphs is A367863, covering case of A116508, unlabeled A006649.
Binomial transform is A367916.
These set-systems have ranks A367917.
The unlabeled version is A368186.
A006129 counts covering graphs, connected A001187, unlabeled A002494.
A046165 counts minimal covers, ranks A309326.
Cf. A006126, A058891, A059201, A133686, A323816, A323817, A323818, A326754, A367862, A367901.

Join[{1}, Table[Sum[StirlingS1[n+1, k+1]*(2^k - 1)^n, {k, 0, n}]/n!, {n, 1, 15}]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 04 2022 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Rest[Subsets[Range[n]]],{n}],Union@@#==Range[n]&]],{n,0,4}] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 19 2023 *)

a(n) = sum(k=0, n, (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*binomial(2^(n-k)-1, n)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 20 2024

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*binomial(2^(n-k)-1, n).
a(n) = (1/n!)*Sum_{k=0..n} Stirling1(n+1, k+1)*(2^k-1)^n.
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0} log(1+(2^n-1)*x)^n/((1+(2^n-1)*x)*n!). - Paul D. Hanna and Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 16 2008
a(n) ~ 2^(n^2) / n!. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 04 2022
Inverse binomial transform of A367916. - Gus Wiseman, Dec 19 2023

A299353 Number of labeled connected uniform hypergraphs spanning n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 5, 50, 1713, 1101990, 68715891672, 1180735735356264714926, 170141183460507906731293351306487161569, 7237005577335553223087828975127304177495735363998991435497132228228565768846

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jun 18 2018

nonn

A hypergraph is uniform if all edges have the same size.

Let T be the regular triangle A299354, where column k is the logarithmic transform of the inverse binomial transform of c(d) = 2^binomial(d,k). Then a(n) is the sum of row n.

			The a(3) = 5 hypergraphs:
{{1,2,3}}
{{1,2},{1,3}}
{{1,2},{2,3}}
{{1,3},{2,3}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}

Wikipedia, Hypergraph

Cf. A000005, A001315, A006126, A006129, A038041, A048143, A298422, A299354, A299471, A306020, A306021.

nn=10;Table[Sum[SeriesCoefficient[Log[Sum[x^m/m!*(-1)^(m-d)*Binomial[m,d]*2^Binomial[d,k],{m,0,n},{d,0,m}]],{x,0,n}]*n!,{k,n}],{n,nn}]

A322451 Number of unlabeled 3-uniform hypergraphs spanning n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 29, 2102, 7011184, 1788775603336, 53304526022885280592, 366299663378889804782337225824, 1171638318502622784366970315264281830913536, 3517726593606524901243694560022510194223171115509135178240

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 09 2018

nonn

3-uniform means that every edge consists of 3 vertices. - Brendan McKay, Sep 03 2023

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(5) = 29 hypergraphs:
  {{125}{345}}
  {{123}{245}{345}}
  {{135}{245}{345}}
  {{145}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{145}{245}{345}}
  {{124}{135}{245}{345}}
  {{125}{135}{245}{345}}
  {{134}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{124}{135}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{124}{134}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{134}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{135}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{124}{134}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{134}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{124}{135}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{125}{135}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{124}{135}{145}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{124}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{125}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{134}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{124}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{125}{134}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{124}{125}{134}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}
  {{123}{124}{125}{134}{135}{145}{234}{235}{245}{345}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..25

First differences of A000665.

Cf. A006126, A006129, A038041, A299471, A301922, A302374, A302394, A306017, A306021.

a(12) from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 15 2018

Name corrected by Brendan McKay, Sep 03 2023

A326788 BII-numbers of simple labeled graphs.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 4, 16, 20, 32, 36, 48, 52, 256, 260, 272, 276, 288, 292, 304, 308, 512, 516, 528, 532, 544, 548, 560, 564, 768, 772, 784, 788, 800, 804, 816, 820, 2048, 2052, 2064, 2068, 2080, 2084, 2096, 2100, 2304, 2308, 2320, 2324, 2336, 2340, 2352, 2356, 2560, 2564

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jul 25 2019

nonn

A binary index of n is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. The binary indices of n are row n of A048793. We define the set-system with BII-number n to be obtained by taking the binary indices of each binary index of n. Every finite set of finite nonempty sets has a different BII-number. For example, 18 has reversed binary expansion (0,1,0,0,1), and since the binary indices of 2 and 5 are {2} and {1,3} respectively, the BII-number of {{2},{1,3}} is 18. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges.

Also numbers whose binary indices all belong to A018900.

			The sequence of all simple labeled graphs together with their BII-numbers begins:
    0: {}
    4: {{1,2}}
   16: {{1,3}}
   20: {{1,2},{1,3}}
   32: {{2,3}}
   36: {{1,2},{2,3}}
   48: {{1,3},{2,3}}
   52: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  256: {{1,4}}
  260: {{1,2},{1,4}}
  272: {{1,3},{1,4}}
  276: {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4}}
  288: {{2,3},{1,4}}
  292: {{1,2},{2,3},{1,4}}
  304: {{1,3},{2,3},{1,4}}
  308: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,4}}
  512: {{2,4}}
  516: {{1,2},{2,4}}
  528: {{1,3},{2,4}}
  532: {{1,2},{1,3},{2,4}}

Cf. A000120, A006125, A006129, A018900, A048793, A062880, A070939, A309356 (same for MM-numbers), A322551, A326031, A326702.

Other BII-numbers: A309314 (hyperforests), A326701 (set partitions), A326703 (chains), A326704 (antichains), A326749 (connected), A326750 (clutters), A326751 (blobs), A326752 (hypertrees), A326754 (covers).

bpe[n_]:=Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1];
Select[Range[0,100],SameQ[2,##]&@@Length/@bpe/@bpe[#]&]

A368951 Number of connected labeled graphs with n edges and n vertices and with loops allowed.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 10, 79, 847, 11436, 185944, 3533720, 76826061, 1880107840, 51139278646, 1530376944768, 49965900317755, 1767387701671424, 67325805434672100, 2747849045156064256, 119626103584870552921, 5533218319763109888000, 270982462739224265922466

Offset: 0

Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

nonn

Exponential transform appears to be A333331. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 12 2024

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 12 2024: (Start)
The a(0) = 1 through a(3) = 10 loop-graphs:
  {}  {11}  {11,12}  {11,12,13}
            {22,12}  {11,12,23}
                     {11,13,23}
                     {22,12,13}
                     {22,12,23}
                     {22,13,23}
                     {33,12,13}
                     {33,12,23}
                     {33,13,23}
                     {12,13,23}
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Graph Loop.

Cf. A000169, A333331, A063170, A053506.
This is the connected covering case of A014068.
The case without loops is A057500, covering case of A370317.
Allowing any number of edges gives A062740, connected case of A322661.
This is the connected case of A368597.
The unlabeled version is A368983, connected case of A368984.
For at most n edges we have A369197.
A000085 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006129 counts covering graphs, connected A001187.
Cf. A000272, A000666, A054780, A116508, A136556, A367863, A368600.

egf:= (L-> 1-L/2-log(1+L)/2-L^2/4)(LambertW(-x)):
a:= n-> n!*coeff(series(egf, x, n+1), x, n):
seq(a(n), n=0..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 10 2024

seq(n)={my(t=-lambertw(-x + O(x*x^n))); Vec(serlaplace(-log(1-t)/2 + t/2 - t^2/4 + 1))}

a(n) = A000169(n) + A057500(n) for n > 0.
E.g.f.: 1 - log(1-T(x))/2 + T(x)/2 - T(x)^2/4 where T(x) = -LambertW(-x) is the e.g.f. of A000169.
From Peter Luschny, Jan 10 2024: (Start)
a(n) = (exp(n)*Gamma(n + 1, n) - (n - 1)*n^(n - 1))/(2*n) for n > 0.
a(n) = (1/2)*(A063170(n)/n - A053506(n)) for n > 0.  (End)

A327075 Number of non-connected unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 10, 35, 185, 1242, 13929, 292131, 12344252, 1032326141, 166163019475, 50671385831320, 29105332577409883, 31455744378606296280, 64032559078724993894492, 245999991257359808853560276, 1787823917424909126688749033668, 24639597815428343970034635549911427

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 26 2019

nonn

We consider the empty graph to be neither connected (one component) nor disconnected (more than one component).

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(0) = 1 through a(6) = 10 graphs (empty columns not shown):
  {}  {12,34}  {12,35,45}     {12,34,56}
               {12,34,35,45}  {12,35,46,56}
                              {12,36,46,56}
                              {13,23,46,56}
                              {12,34,35,46,56}
                              {12,36,45,46,56}
                              {13,23,45,46,56}
                              {12,13,23,45,46,56}
                              {12,35,36,45,46,56}
                              {12,34,35,36,45,46,56}

Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 1 through a(6) = 10 non-connected covering graphs.

Column k = 0 of A327201.
The labeled version is A327070.
Disconnected graphs are A000719.
Cf. A000088, A001187, A001349, A002494, A006129, A054592.

from functools import lru_cache
from itertools import combinations
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod, gcd, factorial
from sympy import mobius, divisors
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A327075(n):
    if n <= 1: return 1-n
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def b(n): return int(sum(Fraction(1<>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items()),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n)))
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def c(n): return n*b(n)-sum(c(k)*b(n-k) for k in range(1,n))
    return b(n)-b(n-1)-sum(mobius(n//d)*c(d) for d in divisors(n,generator=True))//n # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 03 2024

a(n) = A002494(n) - A001349(n), if we assume A001349(0) = A001349(1) = 0.

a(20)-a(21) from Chai Wah Wu, Jul 03 2024

A327146 Number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices and spanning edge-connectivity 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 9, 227

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 9 simple graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 2.

Column k = 2 of A327069.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are A327108.
The generalization to set-systems is A327130.
Cf. A006129, A327070, A327071, A327102, A327109, A327111, A327129, A327144.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],spanEdgeConn[Range[n],#]==2&]],{n,0,4}]

A327336 Number of labeled simple graphs with vertex-connectivity 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 28, 490, 15336, 851368, 85010976, 15615858960, 5388679220480, 3548130389657216, 4507988483733389568, 11145255551131555572992, 53964198507018134569758720, 514158235191699333805861463040, 9672967865350359173180572164444160

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Sep 02 2019

nonn

Same as A327114 except a(2) = 1.

The vertex-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of vertices that must be removed (along with any incident edges) to obtain a non-connected graph or singleton.

			The a(2) = 1 through a(4) = 28 edge-sets:
  {12}  {12,13}  {12,13,14}
        {12,23}  {12,13,24}
        {13,23}  {12,13,34}
                 {12,14,23}
                 {12,14,34}
                 {12,23,24}
                 {12,23,34}
                 {12,24,34}
                 {13,14,23}
                 {13,14,24}
                 {13,23,24}
                 {13,23,34}
                 {13,24,34}
                 {14,23,24}
                 {14,23,34}
                 {14,24,34}
                 {12,13,14,23}
                 {12,13,14,24}
                 {12,13,14,34}
                 {12,13,23,24}
                 {12,13,23,34}
                 {12,14,23,24}
                 {12,14,24,34}
                 {12,23,24,34}
                 {13,14,23,34}
                 {13,14,24,34}
                 {13,23,24,34}
                 {14,23,24,34}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

Column k = 1 of A327334.
The unlabeled version is A052442.
Connected non-separable graphs are A013922.
Set-systems with vertex-connectivity 1 are A327128.
Labeled simple graphs with cut-connectivity 1 are A327114.
Cf. A006129, A054592, A322389, A322390, A326786, A327070, A327098, A327100, A327125, A327126.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]],{2}],Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
vertConnSys[vts_,eds_]:=Min@@Length/@Select[Subsets[vts],Function[del,Length[del]==Length[vts]-1||csm[DeleteCases[DeleteCases[eds,Alternatives@@del,{2}],{}]]!={Complement[vts,del]}]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],vertConnSys[Range[n],#]==1&]],{n,0,4}]

Terms a(6) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Sep 11 2019

A368730 Number of n-element sets of singletons or pairs of distinct elements of {1..n} with union {1..n}, or loop-graphs covering n vertices with n edges, such that it is not possible to choose a different element from each.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 180, 4560, 117600, 3234588, 96119982, 3092585310, 107542211535, 4029055302855, 162040513972623, 6970457656110039, 319598974394563500, 15568332397812799920, 803271954062642638830, 43778508937914677872788, 2513783434620146896920843

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 04 2024

nonn

The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.

			The a(4) = 6 set-systems:
  {{1},{2},{1,2},{3,4}}
  {{1},{3},{1,3},{2,4}}
  {{1},{4},{1,4},{2,3}}
  {{2},{3},{1,4},{2,3}}
  {{2},{4},{1,3},{2,4}}
  {{3},{4},{1,2},{3,4}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Graph Loop.
ProofWiki, Definition:Loop-Graph

The case of a unique choice appears to be A000272.
The version without the choice condition is A368597, non-covering A014068.
The complement appears to be A333331.
The non-covering case is A368596, allowing edges of any size A368600.
Allowing any number of edges of any size gives A367903, ranks A367907.
Allowing any number of non-singletons gives A367868, non-covering A367867.
A000085 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A100861 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs by number of pairs.
A111924 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs by length.
A322661 counts labeled covering half-loop-graphs, connected A062740.
Cf. A000666, A116508, A133686, A367863, A367869, A367901, A368532.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}], {n}],Union@@#==Range[n] && Length[Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]]==0&]],{n,0,5}]

a(n) = A368596(n) + A368597(n) - A014068(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

Terms a(7) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

A368924 Triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of labeled loop-graphs on n vertices with k loops and n-k non-loops such that it is possible to choose a different vertex from each edge.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 9, 6, 1, 15, 68, 48, 12, 1, 222, 720, 510, 150, 20, 1, 3670, 9738, 6825, 2180, 360, 30, 1, 68820, 159628, 110334, 36960, 6895, 735, 42, 1, 1456875, 3067320, 2090760, 721560, 145530, 17976, 1344, 56, 1, 34506640, 67512798, 45422928, 15989232, 3402756, 463680, 40908, 2268, 72, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 10 2024

The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.

			Triangle begins:
      1
      0      1
      0      2      1
      1      9      6      1
     15     68     48     12      1
    222    720    510    150     20      1
   3670   9738   6825   2180    360     30      1
  68820 159628 110334  36960   6895    735     42      1
Row n = 3 counts the following loop-graphs:
  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}  {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}  {{1},{2},{1,3}}  {{1},{2},{3}}
                       {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}  {{1},{2},{2,3}}
                       {{1},{1,3},{2,3}}  {{1},{3},{1,2}}
                       {{2},{1,2},{1,3}}  {{1},{3},{2,3}}
                       {{2},{1,2},{2,3}}  {{2},{3},{1,2}}
                       {{2},{1,3},{2,3}}  {{2},{3},{1,3}}
                       {{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
                       {{3},{1,2},{2,3}}
                       {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (rows 0..50)
Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.

Column k = n-1 is A002378.
The case of a unique choice is A061356, row sums A000272.
Column k = 0 is A137916, unlabeled version A137917.
Row sums appear to be A333331.
The complement has row sums A368596, covering case A368730.
The unlabeled version is A368926.
Without the choice condition we have A368928, A116508, A367863, A368597.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A014068 counts loop-graphs, unlabeled A000666.
Cf. A000169, A057500, A062740, A129271, A133686, A322661, A367869, A367902, A368601, A368835, A368836, A368927.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}],{n}], Count[#,{_}]==k&&Length[Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]]!=0&]],{n,0,5},{k,0,n}]

T(n)={my(t=-lambertw(-x + O(x*x^n))); [Vecrev(p) | p <- Vec(serlaplace(exp(-log(1-t)/2 - t/2 + t*y - t^2/4)))]}
{ my(A=T(8)); for(i=1, #A, print(A[i])) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 14 2024

E.g.f.: A(x,y) = exp(-log(1-T(x))/2 - T(x)/2 + y*T(x) - T(x)^2/4) where T(x) = -LambertW(-x) is the e.g.f. of A000169. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 14 2024

a(36) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 14 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A054780 Number of n-covers of a labeled n-set.

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A299353 Number of labeled connected uniform hypergraphs spanning n vertices.

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A322451 Number of unlabeled 3-uniform hypergraphs spanning n vertices.

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A326788 BII-numbers of simple labeled graphs.

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A368951 Number of connected labeled graphs with n edges and n vertices and with loops allowed.

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A327075 Number of non-connected unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices.

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Python

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A327146 Number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices and spanning edge-connectivity 2.

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Mathematica

A327336 Number of labeled simple graphs with vertex-connectivity 1.

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