A054567 -id:A054567 - cp's OEIS frontend

A143861 Ulam's spiral (NNE spoke).

1, 14, 59, 136, 245, 386, 559, 764, 1001, 1270, 1571, 1904, 2269, 2666, 3095, 3556, 4049, 4574, 5131, 5720, 6341, 6994, 7679, 8396, 9145, 9926, 10739, 11584, 12461, 13370, 14311, 15284, 16289, 17326, 18395, 19496, 20629, 21794, 22991, 24220

Offset: 1

Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Sep 03 2008

Stanislaw M. Ulam was doodling during the presentation of a "long and very boring paper" at a scientific meeting in 1963. The spiral is its result. Note that conforming to trigonometric conventions, the spiral begins on the abscissa and rotates counterclockwise. Other spirals, orientations, direction of rotation and initial values exist, even in the OEIS.

Also sequence found by reading the segment (1, 14) together with the line from 14, in the direction 14, 59, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized decagonal numbers A074377. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 05 2012

Chris K. Caldwell & G. L. Honaker, Jr., Prime Curios! The Dictionary of Prime Number Trivia, CreateSpace, Sept 2009, pp. 2-3.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Martin Gardner, Mathematical Recreations: The Remarkable Lore of the Prime Number, Scientific American 210 3: 120 - 128.
Hermetic Systems, Prime Number Spiral
OEIS wiki, Ulam spiral
Ivars Peterson's MathTrek, Prime Spirals, Science News, May 3 2002.
Robert Sacks, Number Spiral
Scientific American, Cover page of the March 1964
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Prime Spiral
Wikipedia, Ulam spiral
Wikipedia, Boxing the compass
Robert G. Wilson v, Ulam's spiral
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).

Cf. A016754, A033638, A033951, A053755, A054552, A054554, A054556, A054567, A054569, A073337, A143838, A143839, A143854, A143855, A143856, A143859, A143860.

List([1..40], n-> ((32*n-35)^2 +55)/64); # G. C. Greubel, Nov 09 2019

[((32*n-35)^2 +55)/64: n in [1..40]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 09 2019

seq( ((32*n-35)^2 +55)/64, n=1..40); # G. C. Greubel, Nov 09 2019

(* From Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 29 2011 *)
f[n_]:= 16n^2 -35n +20; Array[f, 40]
LinearRecurrence[{3,-3,1}, {1,14,59}, 40]
FoldList[#1 + #2 &, 1, 32Range@ 10 - 19] (* End *)
((32*Range[40] -35)^2 +55)/64 (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 09 2019 *)

a(n)=16*n^2-35*n+20 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 29 2011

[((32*n-35)^2 +55)/64 for n in (1..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Nov 09 2019

a(n) = 16*n^2 - 35*n + 20. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 08 2008
G.f.: x*(1 + 11*x + 20*x^2)/(1-x)^3. - Colin Barker, Aug 03 2012
E.g.f.: -20 + (20 - 19*x + 16*x^2)*exp(x). - G. C. Greubel, Nov 09 2019

A357745 Numbers on the 8 main spokes of a square spiral with 1 in the center.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 86, 91, 96, 101, 106, 111, 116, 121, 127, 133, 139, 145, 151, 157, 163, 169, 176, 183, 190, 197, 204, 211, 218, 225, 233, 241, 249, 257, 265, 273

Offset: 1

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Dec 22 2022

The 8 main spokes are (with 1 in the center, 2 to the east, 3 to the northeast): east: A054552; northeast: A054554; north: A054556; northwest: A053755; west: A054567; southwest: A054569; south: A033951; southeast: A016754.
Alternatively the 8 main spokes are pairwise part of the 4 main axes: horizontal: A317186; vertical: A267682; diagonal: A002061; antidiagonal: A080335.
And lastly the 4 main axes are giving two main crosses: Horizontal-vertical cross: A039823; Diagonal-antidiagonal cross: A200975.

			See visualization in links.

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Visualization of the first few terms
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,-1,0,0,0,0,0,1,-2,1).

Cf. A054552, A054554, A054556, A053755, A054567, A054569, A033951, A016754.

Cf. A317186, A267682, A002061, A080335, A039823, A200975.

Rest@ CoefficientList[Series[x (1 - x^8 + x^9)/((1 - x)^3*(1 + x) (1 + x^2) (1 + x^4)), {x, 0, 63}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 29 2022 *)
a[n_] := BitShiftRight[(n + 3)^2, 4] + Boole[BitAnd[n, 7] != 1]; Array[a, 65] (* Amiram Eldar, Dec 30 2022, after the PARI code *)
LinearRecurrence[{2,-1,0,0,0,0,0,1,-2,1},{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11},70] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 13 2025 *)

a(n) = sqr(n+3)>>4 + (bitand(n,7)!=1); \\ Kevin Ryde, Dec 30 2022

def A357745(n): return ((n+3)**2 >> 4) + 1 if n % 8 != 1 else (n+3)**2 >> 4

G.f.: x*(1-x^8+x^9)/((1-x)^3*(1+x)*(1+x^2)*(1+x^4)). - Joerg Arndt, Dec 29 2022

a(n) = floor((n+3)^2 / 16) + (1 if n != 1 mod 8). - Kevin Ryde, Dec 30 2022

A078784 Primes on axis of Ulam square spiral (with rows ... / 7 8 9 / 6 1 2 / 5 4 3 / ... ) with origin at (1).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 11, 19, 23, 53, 61, 127, 139, 151, 163, 233, 281, 431, 541, 613, 743, 827, 977, 1009, 1279, 1621, 1871, 2003, 2281, 2377, 2731, 3109, 3221, 3511, 3571, 3631, 3691, 4001, 4129, 4523, 4591, 5077, 6361, 6521, 7789, 7877, 8419, 9851, 10151, 10973, 11503, 11719, 11827, 12377, 12601, 12713, 13399

Offset: 1

Donald S. McDonald, Jan 10 2003

nonn

Quadrants are numbered clockwise: 4=north, 1=east, 2=south, 3=west. The spiral numbers falling on axes (whether prime or not) are 4=north (2n+1)^2-n, 1=east (2n+1)^2+n+1, 2=south (2n)^2-(n-1), 3=west (2n)^2+n+1.
Primes to the left, right, above or below the 1 in the example in A054552.
This is the union of the primes in A168022, A168023, A168025 and A168027. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 11 2014

			For n=0, quadrant = 1, a(1) =  2, distance = 1;
for n=1, quadrant = 1, a(2) = 11, distance = 2;
for n=2, quadrant = 3, a(3) = 19, distance = 2.

Cf. A039823, A054552, A054556, A054567, A033951, A172979.

Select[ Sort@ Flatten@ Table[ 4n^2 + (2j - 3)n + 1, {j, 0, 3}, {n, 58}], PrimeQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 10 2014 *)

Primes in A039823(n) = ceiling((n^2 + n + 2)/4). - Georg Fischer, Dec 04 2024

a(12) onward from Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 10 2014

A185669 a(n) = 4n^2 + 3n + 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 9, 24, 47, 78, 117, 164, 219, 282, 353, 432, 519, 614, 717, 828, 947, 1074, 1209, 1352, 1503, 1662, 1829, 2004, 2187, 2378, 2577, 2784, 2999, 3222, 3453, 3692, 3939, 4194, 4457, 4728, 5007, 5294, 5589, 5892, 6203, 6522, 6849, 7184, 7527, 7878, 8237, 8604, 8979, 9362, 9753, 10152, 10559, 10974, 11397, 11828

Offset: 0

Paul Curtz, Feb 09 2011

Natural numbers A000027 written clockwise as a square spiral:
.
  43--44--45--46--47--48--49
   |
  42  21--22--23--24--25--26
   |   |                   |
  41  20   7---8---9--10  27
   |   |   |           |   |
  40  19   6   1---2  11  28
   |   |   |       |   |   |
  39  18   5---4---3  12  29
   |   |               |   |
  38  17--16--15--14--13  30
   |                       |
  37--36--35--34--33--32--31
.
Walking in straight lines away from the center:
1,  2, 11, ... = A054552(n)     = 1 -3*n+4*n^2,
1,  8, 23, ... = A033951(n)     = 1 +3*n+4*n^2,
1,  3, 13, ... = A054554(n+1)   = 1 -2*n-4*n^2,
1,  7, 21, ... = A054559(n+1)   = 1 +2*n+4*n^2,
1,  4, 15, ... = A054556(n+1)   = 1   -n+4*n^2,
1,  6, 19, ... = A054567(n+1)   = 1   +n+4*n^2,
1,  5, 17, ... = A053755(n)     = 1     +4*n^2,
1,  9, 25, ... = A016754(n)     = 1 +4*n+4*n^2 = (1+2*n)^2,
2,  8, 22, ... = 2*A084849(n)   = 2 +2*n+4*n^2,
2, 12, 30, ... = A002939(n+1)   = 2 +6*n+4*n^2,
2,  9, 24, ... = a(n)           = 2 +3*n+4*n^2,
2, 10, 26, ... = A069894(n)     = 2 +4*n+4*n^2,
3, 11, 27, ... = A164897(n)     = 3 +4*n+4*n^2,
3, 12, 29, ... = A054552(n+1)+1 = 3 +5*n+4*n^2,
3, 14, 33, ... = A033991(n+1)   = 3 +7*n+4*n^2,
3, 15, 35, ... = A000466(n+1)   = 3 +8*n+4*n^2,
4, 14, 32, ... = 2*A130883(n+1) = 4 +6*n+4*n^2,
4, 16, 36, ... = A016742(n+1)   = 4 +8*n+4*n^2 = (2+2*n)^2,
5, 18, 39, ... = A007742(n+1)   = 5 +9*n+4*n^2,
5, 19, 41, ... = A125202(n+2)   = 5+10*n+4*n^2.

Ivan Panchenko, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).

[2+3*n+4*n^2: n in [0..80]];  // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 09 2011

Table[4n^2 + 3n + 2, {n,0,50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Jul 09 2017 *)
LinearRecurrence[{3,-3,1},{2,9,24},60] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 11 2021 *)

a(n)=4*n^2+3*n+2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 14 2014

a(n) = a(n-1) + 8*n - 1.
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-2) + 8.
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3).
G.f.: (2 +3*x +3*x^2)/(1-x)^3 . - R. J. Mathar, Feb 11 2011
a(n) = A033954(n) + 2. - Bruno Berselli, Apr 10 2011
E.g.f.: (4*x^2 + 7*x + 2)*exp(x). - G. C. Greubel, Jul 09 2017

A303273 Array T(n,k) = binomial(n, 2) + k*n + 1 read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4, 6, 7, 7, 1, 5, 8, 10, 11, 11, 1, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 16, 1, 7, 12, 16, 19, 21, 22, 22, 1, 8, 14, 19, 23, 26, 28, 29, 29, 1, 9, 16, 22, 27, 31, 34, 36, 37, 37, 1, 10, 18, 25, 31, 36, 40, 43, 45, 46, 46, 1, 11, 20, 28, 35, 41

Offset: 0

Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Apr 20 2018

Columns are linear recurrence sequences with signature (3,-3,1).
8*T(n,k) + A166147(k-1) are squares.
Columns k are binomial transforms of [1, k, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...].
Antidiagonals sums yield A116731.

			The array T(n,k) begins
1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1  ...  A000012
1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11   12   13  ...  A000027
2    4    6    8   10   12   14   16   18   20   22   24   26  ...  A005843
4    7   10   13   16   19   22   25   28   31   34   37   40  ...  A016777
7   11   15   19   23   27   31   35   39   43   47   51   55  ...  A004767
11  16   21   26   31   36   41   46   51   56   61   66   71  ...  A016861
16  22   28   34   40   46   52   58   64   70   76   82   88  ...  A016957
22  29   36   43   50   57   64   71   78   85   92   99  106  ...  A016993
29  37   45   53   61   69   77   85   93  101  109  117  125  ...  A004770
37  46   55   64   73   82   91  100  109  118  127  136  145  ...  A017173
46  56   66   76   86   96  106  116  126  136  146  156  166  ...  A017341
56  67   78   89  100  111  122  133  144  155  166  177  188  ...  A017401
67  79   91  103  115  127  139  151  163  175  187  199  211  ...  A017605
79  92  105  118  131  144  157  170  183  196  209  222  235  ...  A190991
...
The inverse binomial transforms of the columns are
1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1  ...
0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11   12  ...
1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1    1  ...
0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0  ...
0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0  ...
0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0  ...
...
T(k,n-k) = A087401(n,k) + 1 as triangle
1
1   1
1   2   2
1   3   4   4
1   4   6   7   7
1   5   8  10  11  11
1   6  10  13  15  16  16
1   7  12  16  19  21  22  22
1   8  14  19  23  26  28  29  29
1   9  16  22  27  31  34  36  37  37
1  10  18  25  31  36  40  43  45  46  46
...

R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, Addison-Wesley, 1994.

Cf. A085475, A086270, A086271, A086272, A086273, A130154, A159798, A162609, A162610, A300401.

T := (n, k) -> binomial(n, 2) + k*n + 1;
for n from 0 to 20 do seq(T(n, k), k = 0 .. 20) od;

Table[With[{n = m - k}, Binomial[n, 2] + k n + 1], {m, 0, 11}, {k, m, 0, -1}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Apr 21 2018 *)

T(n, k) := binomial(n, 2)+ k*n + 1$
for n:0 thru 20 do
    print(makelist(T(n, k), k, 0, 20));

T(n,k) = binomial(n, 2) + k*n + 1;
tabl(nn) = for (n=0, nn, for (k=0, nn, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print); \\ Michel Marcus, May 17 2018

G.f.: (3*x^2*y - 3*x*y + y - 2*x^2 + 2*x - 1)/((x - 1)^3*(y - 1)^2).
E.g.f.: (1/2)*(2*x*y + x^2 + 2)*exp(y + x).
T(n,k) = 3*T(n-1,k) - 3*T(n-2,k) + T(n-3,k), with T(0,k) = 1, T(1,k) = k + 1 and T(2,k) = 2*k + 2.
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + n + k - 1.
T(n,k) = T(n,k-1) + n, with T(n,0) = 1.
T(n,0) = A152947(n+1).
T(n,1) = A000124(n).
T(n,2) = A000217(n).
T(n,3) = A034856(n+1).
T(n,4) = A052905(n).
T(n,5) = A051936(n+4).
T(n,6) = A246172(n+1).
T(n,7) = A302537(n).
T(n,8) = A056121(n+1) + 1.
T(n,9) = A056126(n+1) + 1.
T(n,10) = A051942(n+10) + 1, n > 0.
T(n,11) = A101859(n) + 1.
T(n,12) = A132754(n+1) + 1.
T(n,13) = A132755(n+1) + 1.
T(n,14) = A132756(n+1) + 1.
T(n,15) = A132757(n+1) + 1.
T(n,16) = A132758(n+1) + 1.
T(n,17) = A212427(n+1) + 1.
T(n,18) = A212428(n+1) + 1.
T(n,n) = A143689(n) = A300192(n,2).
T(n,n+1) = A104249(n).
T(n,n+2) = T(n+1,n) = A005448(n+1).
T(n,n+3) = A000326(n+1).
T(n,n+4) = A095794(n+1).
T(n,n+5) = A133694(n+1).
T(n+2,n) = A005449(n+1).
T(n+3,n) = A115067(n+2).
T(n+4,n) = A133694(n+2).
T(2*n,n) = A054556(n+1).
T(2*n,n+1) = A054567(n+1).
T(2*n,n+2) = A033951(n).
T(2*n,n+3) = A001107(n+1).
T(2*n,n+4) = A186353(4*n+1) (conjectured).
T(2*n,n+5) = A184103(8*n+1) (conjectured).
T(2*n,n+6) = A250657(n-1) = A250656(3,n-1), n > 1.
T(n,2*n) = A140066(n+1).
T(n+1,2*n) = A005891(n).
T(n+2,2*n) = A249013(5*n+4) (conjectured).
T(n+3,2*n) = A186384(5*n+3) = A186386(5*n+3) (conjectured).
T(2*n,2*n) = A143689(2*n).
T(2*n+1,2*n+1) = A143689(2*n+1) (= A030503(3*n+3) (conjectured)).
T(2*n,2*n+1) = A104249(2*n) = A093918(2*n+2) = A131355(4*n+1) (= A030503(3*n+5) (conjectured)).
T(2*n+1,2*n) = A085473(n).
a(n+1,5*n+1)=A051865(n+1) + 1.
a(n,2*n+1) = A116668(n).
a(2*n+1,n) = A054569(n+1).
T(3*n,n) = A025742(3*n-1), n > 1 (conjectured).
T(n,3*n) = A140063(n+1).
T(n+1,3*n) = A069099(n+1).
T(n,4*n) = A276819(n).
T(4*n,n) = A154106(n-1), n > 0.
T(2^n,2) = A028401(n+2).
T(1,n)*T(n,1) = A006000(n).
T(n*(n+1),n) = A211905(n+1), n > 0 (conjectured).
T(n*(n+1)+1,n) = A294259(n+1).
T(n,n^2+1) = A081423(n).
T(n,A000217(n)) = A158842(n), n > 0.
T(n,A152947(n+1)) = A060354(n+1).
floor(T(n,n/2)) = A267682(n) (conjectured).
floor(T(n,n/3)) = A025742(n-1), n > 0 (conjectured).
floor(T(n,n/4)) = A263807(n-1), n > 0 (conjectured).
ceiling(T(n,2^n)/n) = A134522(n), n > 0 (conjectured).
ceiling(T(n,n/2+n)/n) = A051755(n+1) (conjectured).
floor(T(n,n)/n) = A133223(n), n > 0 (conjectured).
ceiling(T(n,n)/n) = A007494(n), n > 0.
ceiling(T(n,n^2)/n) = A171769(n), n > 0.
ceiling(T(2*n,n^2)/n) = A046092(n), n > 0.
ceiling(T(2*n,2^n)/n) = A131520(n+2), n > 0.

A357744 a(n) is the least k such that prime(n) * k occurs in one of the eight main spokes of a square spiral with 1 in the center.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 25, 1, 17, 1, 59, 1, 13, 37, 1, 4, 3, 13, 5, 1, 21, 8, 2, 4, 1, 131, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 37, 4, 13, 58, 7, 1, 34, 1, 7, 23, 4, 1, 29, 1, 251, 1, 5, 25, 3, 13, 1, 7, 30, 1, 311, 31, 38, 3, 49, 3, 6, 5, 37, 19, 16, 7, 5, 149, 3, 1, 7, 419, 1, 1, 91, 10, 2

Offset: 1

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Dec 01 2022

nonn

Numbers on the spokes of the spiral are A357745.
a(n) = 1 when prime(n) is directly on a main spoke.
a(n) <= prime(n) since odd squares are on the southeast spoke (A016754).

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Graphic example.
Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Graphic together with the first 10000 primes.

Cf. A000040, A054552, A054554, A054556, A053755, A054567.

Cf. A054569, A033951, A016754, A357745.

from sympy import sieve
A357744, A357745, aupto = [], [], 82
for n in range (1, sieve[aupto]**2):
    A357745.append(((n+3)**2 >> 4) + 1 if n % 8 != 1 else (n+3)**2 >> 4)
for p in sieve[1:aupto + 1]:
    k = 1
    while (p*k) not in A357745: k += 1
    A357744.append(k)
print(A357744)

A244685 The spiral of Champernowne read by the West ray.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 4, 2, 9, 5, 0, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 6, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 9, 7, 8, 8, 9, 1, 8, 1, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 7, 0, 7, 1, 0, 3, 4, 2, 4, 9, 3, 2, 7, 9, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7, 3, 6, 7, 2, 4, 1, 6, 9, 4, 6, 8, 8, 5, 1, 3, 9, 5, 7, 2, 2, 6, 3, 3, 7, 6, 0, 8, 4, 7, 6, 6, 3, 8, 4, 8, 4, 8, 1, 2, 7, 9, 9, 2, 0, 0, 5, 1, 5

Offset: 1

Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 04 2014

			See A244677 for the spiral of David Gawen Champernowne.

Cf. A033307, A054567, A033952, A244677-A244688, A244690-A244692.

almostNatural[n_, b_] := Block[{m = 0, d = n, i = 1, l, p}, While[m <= d, l = m; m = (b - 1) i*b^(i - 1) + l; i++]; i--; p = Mod[d - l, i]; q = Floor[(d - l)/i] + b^(i - 1); If[p != 0, IntegerDigits[q, b][[p]], Mod[q - 1, b]]]; f[n_] := 4n^2 - 7n + 4 (* see A244677 formula section *); Array[ almostNatural[ f@#, 10] &, 105]

See A244677 formula section.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A143861 Ulam's spiral (NNE spoke).

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A357745 Numbers on the 8 main spokes of a square spiral with 1 in the center.

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A078784 Primes on axis of Ulam square spiral (with rows ... / 7 8 9 / 6 1 2 / 5 4 3 / ... ) with origin at (1).

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A185669 a(n) = 4*n^2 + 3*n + 2.

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A303273 Array T(n,k) = binomial(n, 2) + k*n + 1 read by antidiagonals.

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A357744 a(n) is the least k such that prime(n) * k occurs in one of the eight main spokes of a square spiral with 1 in the center.

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A244685 The spiral of Champernowne read by the West ray.

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A185669 a(n) = 4n^2 + 3n + 2.