A070914 -id:A070914 - cp's OEIS frontend

A355262 Array of Fuss-Catalan numbers read by ascending antidiagonals, A(n, k) = binomial(kn + 1, k)/(kn + 1).

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1, 4, 12, 14, 1, 0, 1, 1, 5, 22, 55, 42, 1, 0, 1, 1, 6, 35, 140, 273, 132, 1, 0, 1, 1, 7, 51, 285, 969, 1428, 429, 1, 0, 1, 1, 8, 70, 506, 2530, 7084, 7752, 1430, 1, 0

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Jun 26 2022

An alternative definition is: the Fuss-Catalan sequences (A(n, k), k >= 0 ) are the main diagonals of the Fuss-Catalan triangles of order n - 1. See A355173 for the definition of a Fuss-Catalan triangle.

			Array A(n, k) begins:
[0] 1, 1, 0,   0,    0,     0,      0,       0,         0, ...  A019590
[1] 1, 1, 1,   1,    1,     1,      1,       1,         1, ...  A000012
[2] 1, 1, 2,   5,   14,    42,    132,     429,      1430, ...  A000108
[3] 1, 1, 3,  12,   55,   273,   1428,    7752,     43263, ...  A001764
[4] 1, 1, 4,  22,  140,   969,   7084,   53820,    420732, ...  A002293
[5] 1, 1, 5,  35,  285,  2530,  23751,  231880,   2330445, ...  A002294
[6] 1, 1, 6,  51,  506,  5481,  62832,  749398,   9203634, ...  A002295
[7] 1, 1, 7,  70,  819, 10472, 141778, 1997688,  28989675, ...  A002296
[8] 1, 1, 8,  92, 1240, 18278, 285384, 4638348,  77652024, ...  A007556
[9] 1, 1, 9, 117, 1785, 29799, 527085, 9706503, 184138713, ...  A062994

N. I. Fuss, Solutio quaestionis, quot modis polygonum n laterum in polygona m laterum, per diagonales resolvi queat, Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, vol.9 (1791), 243-251.
R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990, (Eqs. 5.70, 7.66, and sec. 7.5, example 5).

Per Alexandersson, Frether Getachew Kebede, Samuel Asefa Fufa, and Dun Qiu, Pattern-Avoidance and Fuss-Catalan Numbers, J. Int. Seq. (2023) Vol. 26, Art. 23.4.2.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), pp. 337-338.
Jean-Luc Baril, Mireille Bousquet-Mélou, Sergey Kirgizov, and Mehdi Naima, The ascent lattice on Dyck paths, arXiv:2409.15982 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 6.
Jean-Christophe Aval, Multivariate Fuss-Catalan Numbers, arXiv:0711.0906v1, Discrete Math., 308 (2008), 4660-4669.
Thomas A. Dowling, Catalan Numbers, Chapter 7.
D. E. Knuth, Convolution polynomials, arXiv:math/9207221 [math.CA]; Mathematica J. 2.1 (1992), no. 4, 67-78.
Donald Knuth's 20th Annual Christmas Tree Lecture, (3/2)-ary Trees, Stanford Online, Video 2014.
Wojciech Młotkowski, Fuss-Catalan Numbers in Noncommutative Probability, Docum. Math. 15:939-955, (2010).
Wikipedia, Fuss-Catalan number.

Cf. A091144 (main diagonal), A019590, A000012, A000108, A001764, A002293, A002294, A002295, A002296, A007556, A062994.
Variants: A062993, A070914.
Fuss-Catalan triangles: A123110 (order 0), A355173 (order 1), A355172 (order 2), A355174 (order 3).

A := (n, k) -> binomial(k*n + 1, k)/(k*n + 1):
for n from 0 to 9 do seq(A(n, k), k = 0..8) od;

(* See the Knuth references. In the christmas lecture Knuth has fun calculating the Fuss-Catalan development of Pi and i. *)
B[t_, n_] := Sum[Binomial[t k+1, k] z^k / (t k+1), {k, 0, n-1}] + O[z]^n
Table[CoefficientList[B[n, 9], z], {n, 0, 9}] // TableForm

A(n, k) = (1/k!) * Product_{j=1..k-1} (k*n + 1 - j).
A(n, k) = (binomial(k*n, k) + binomial(k*n, k-1)) / (k*n + 1).
Let B(t, z) = Sum_{k>=0} binomial(k*t + 1, k)*z^k / (k*t + 1), then
A(n, k) = [z^k] B(n, z).

A370062 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of achiral dissections of a polygon into n k-gons by nonintersecting diagonals, n >= 1, k >= 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 5, 1, 1, 3, 5, 9, 12, 5, 1, 1, 4, 6, 18, 22, 30, 14, 1, 1, 4, 7, 21, 35, 52, 55, 14, 1, 1, 5, 8, 34, 51, 136, 140, 143, 42, 1, 1, 5, 9, 38, 70, 190, 285, 340, 273, 42, 1, 1, 6, 10, 55, 92, 368, 506, 1155, 969, 728, 132

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Feb 08 2024

The polygon prior to dissection will have n*(k-2)+2 sides.

			Array begins:
=============================================
n\k|  3   4   5    6    7    8    9    10 ...
---+-----------------------------------------
1  |  1   1   1    1    1    1    1     1 ...
2  |  1   1   1    1    1    1    1     1 ...
3  |  1   2   2    3    3    4    4     5 ...
4  |  2   3   4    5    6    7    8     9 ...
5  |  2   7   9   18   21   34   38    55 ...
6  |  5  12  22   35   51   70   92   117 ...
7  |  5  30  52  136  190  368  468   775 ...
8  | 14  55 140  285  506  819 1240  1785 ...
9  | 14 143 340 1155 1950 4495 6545 12350 ...
  ...

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1275 (first 50 antidiagonals)
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer and R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, Discr. Math. 11 (1975), 371-389.
Wikipedia, Fuss-Catalan number

Columns are A208355(n-1), A047749 (k=4), A369472 (k=5), A143546 (k=6), A143547 (k=8), A143554 (k=10), A192893 (k=12).

Cf. A070914 (rooted), A295224 (oriented), A295260 (unoriented), A369929, A370060 (achiral rooted at cell).

\\ here u is Fuss-Catalan sequence with p = k-1.
u(n, k, r) = {r*binomial((k - 1)*n + r, n)/((k - 1)*n + r)}
T(n, k) = {(if(n%2, u((n-1)/2, k, k\2), if(k%2, u(n/2-1, k, k-1), u(n/2, k, 1))))}
for(n=1, 9, for(k=3, 10, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print);

T(n,k) = 2*A295260(n,k) - A295224(n,k).
T(n,2*k+1) = A370060(n,2*k+1).
T(n,2*k) = A369929(n,2*k-1).

A361236 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of noncrossing k-gonal cacti with n polygons up to rotation.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 11, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8, 33, 49, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 63, 230, 204, 1, 1, 1, 1, 12, 105, 664, 1827, 984, 1, 1, 1, 1, 13, 159, 1419, 7462, 15466, 4807, 1, 1, 1, 1, 16, 221, 2637, 21085, 90896, 137085, 24739, 1

Offset: 0

Andrew Howroyd, Mar 05 2023

The number of noncrossing k-gonal cacti is given by column 2*(k-1) of A070914. This sequence enumerates these cacti with rotations being considered equivalent.
Equivalently, T(n,k) is the number of connected acyclic k-uniform noncrossing antichains with n blocks covering (k-1)*n+1 nodes where the intersection of two blocks is at most 1 node modulo cyclic rotation of the nodes.
Noncrossing trees correspond to the case of k = 2.

			=====================================================
n\k | 1     2       3        4        5         6 ...
----+------------------------------------------------
  0 | 1     1       1        1        1         1 ...
  1 | 1     1       1        1        1         1 ...
  2 | 1     1       1        1        1         1 ...
  3 | 1     4       5        8        9        12 ...
  4 | 1    11      33       63      105       159 ...
  5 | 1    49     230      664     1419      2637 ...
  6 | 1   204    1827     7462    21085     48048 ...
  7 | 1   984   15466    90896   334707    941100 ...
  8 | 1  4807  137085  1159587  5579961  19354687 ...
  9 | 1 24739 1260545 15369761 96589350 413533260 ...
  ...

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (first 51 antidiagonals).
Wikipedia, Cactus graph.
Index entries for sequences related to cacti.

Columns k=1..4 are A000012, A296532, A361237, A361238.
Row n=3 is A042948.
Cf. A070914, A303694, A303912, A361239, A361242.

\\ here u is Fuss-Catalan sequence with p = 2*k-1.
u(n,k,r) = {r*binomial(n*(2*k-1) + r, n)/(n*(2*k-1) + r)}
T(n,k) = if(n==0, 1, u(n, k, 1)/((k-1)*n+1) + sumdiv(gcd(k,n-1), d, if(d>1, eulerphi(d)*u((n-1)/d, k, 2*k/d)/k)))

T(0,k) = T(1,k) = T(2,k) = 1.

A091144 a(n) = binomial(n^2, n)/(1+(n-1)*n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 12, 140, 2530, 62832, 1997688, 77652024, 3573805950, 190223180840, 11502251937176, 779092434772236, 58448142042957576, 4811642166029230560, 431306008583779517040, 41820546066482630185200

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Dec 22 2003

Diagonal of array T(n,k) = binomial(kn,n)/(1+(k-1)n).
Number of paths up and left from (0,0) to (n^2-n,n) where x/y <= n-1 for all intermediate points. - Henry Bottomley, Dec 25 2003
Empirical: In the ring of symmetric functions over the fraction field Q(q, t), letting s(1^n) denote the Schur function indexed by (1^n), a(n) is equal to the coefficient of s(n) in nabla^(n)s(1^n) with q=t=1, where nabla denotes the "nabla operator" on symmetric functions, and s(n) denotes the Schur function indexed by the integer partition (n) of n. - John M. Campbell, Apr 06 2018

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
D. Merlini, R. Sprugnoli and M. C. Verri, The tennis ball problem, J. Combin. Theory, A 99 (2002), 307-344.

Cf. A002061, A014062, A062993, A070914, A071201, A071202.

List([0..20],n->Binomial(n^2,n)/(1+(n-1)*n)); # Muniru A Asiru, Apr 08 2018

[Binomial(n^2, n)/(1+(n-1)*n): n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 07 2018

A091144 := proc(n)
    binomial(n^2,n)/(1+n*(n-1)) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Feb 14 2015

Table[Binomial[n^2, n] / (n (n - 1) + 1), {n, 0, 20}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 07 2018 *)

a(n) = binomial(n^2, n)/(n*(n-1)+1); \\ Altug Alkan, Apr 06 2018

From Henry Bottomley, Dec 25 2003: (Start)
a(n) = A014062(n)/A002061(n);
a(n) = A062993(n-2, n);
a(n) = A070914(n, n-1);
a(n) = A071201(n, n^2-n);
a(n) = A071201(n, n^2-n+1);
a(n) = A071202(n, n^2-n+1). (End)

A370060 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of achiral dissections of a polygon into n k-gons by nonintersecting diagonals rooted at a cell, n >= 1, k >= 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 1, 4, 4, 12, 5, 1, 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 26, 22, 55, 14, 1, 1, 4, 8, 21, 45, 52, 88, 14, 1, 1, 6, 8, 45, 51, 204, 140, 273, 42, 1, 1, 5, 10, 38, 84, 190, 380, 340, 455, 42, 1, 1, 7, 10, 69, 92, 500, 506, 1771, 969, 1428, 132

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Feb 08 2024

The polygon prior to dissection will have n*(k-2)+2 sides.

			Array begins:
=============================================
n\k|  3   4   5    6    7    8    9    10 ...
---+-----------------------------------------
1  |  1   1   1    1    1    1    1     1 ...
2  |  1   1   1    1    1    1    1     1 ...
3  |  1   3   2    4    3    5    4     6 ...
4  |  2   4   4    6    6    8    8    10 ...
5  |  2  12   9   26   21   45   38    69 ...
6  |  5  18  22   45   51   84   92   135 ...
7  |  5  55  52  204  190  500  468   992 ...
8  | 14  88 140  380  506 1008 1240  2100 ...
9  | 14 273 340 1771 1950 6200 6545 15990 ...
  ...

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1275 (first 50 antidiagonals)
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer and R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, Discr. Math. 11 (1975), 371-389.
Wikipedia, Fuss-Catalan number

Columns k=3..6 are A208355(n-1), A124817(n-1), A369472, A370061.

Cf. A070914 (rooted), A295222 (oriented), A295259 (unoriented), A369929, A370062 (achiral unrooted).

\\ here u is Fuss-Catalan sequence with p = k-1.
u(n, k, r) = {r*binomial((k - 1)*n + r, n)/((k - 1)*n + r)}
T(n, k) = {if(k%2, if(n%2, u((n-1)/2, k, (k-1)/2), u(n/2-1, k, (k-1))), if(n%2, u((n-1)/2, k, k/2+1), u(n/2-1, k, k)) )}
for(n=1, 9, for(k=3, 10, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print);

T(n,k) = 2*A295259(n,k) - A295222(n,k).

T(n,2*k+1) = A370062(n,2*k+1).

A113206 Triangle read by rows of generalized Catalan numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 5, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 12, 14, 12, 4, 0, 1, 1, 0, 5, 22, 55, 42, 55, 22, 5, 0, 1, 1, 0, 6, 35, 140, 273, 132, 273, 140, 35, 6, 0, 1, 1, 0, 7, 51, 285, 969, 1428, 429, 1428, 969, 285, 51, 7, 0, 1, 1, 0, 8, 70, 506, 2530, 7084, 7752, 1430, 7752, 7084

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 07 2006

A dual to Pascal's triangle. Row n has 2n+1 entries.

			.............1
...........1.0.1
.........1.0.2.0.1
.......1.0.3.5.3.0.1
....1.0.4.12.14.12.4.0.1
.1.0.5.22.55.42.55.22.5.0.1

Ph. Leroux, A simple symmetry generating operads related to rooted planar m-ary trees and polygonal numbers, arXiv:math/0512437 [math.CO], 2005.
Ph. Leroux, A simple symmetry generating operads related to rooted planar m-ary trees and polygonal numbers, J. Integer Seqs., 10 (2007), #07.4.7.

Cf. A007318, A000108.

A070914 := proc(n,k) binomial(n*(k+1),n)/(n*k+1) ; end proc:
A113206 := proc(n,k) if k = 2 or k = 2*n-2 then 0 ; else A070914(n-abs(n-k)-1,abs(n-k)+1) ; fi ; end proc:
for n from 0 to 10 do for k from 1 to 2*n-1 do printf("%d ",A113206(n,k)) ; od: od: # R. J. Mathar, Feb 08 2008

A070914[n_, k_] := Binomial[n*(k + 1), n]/(n*k + 1);
A113206[n_, k_] := If[k == 2 || k == 2*n - 2, 0, A070914[n - Abs[n-k] - 1, Abs[n-k] + 1]];
Table[A113206[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 1, 2*n - 1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 28 2017, after R. J. Mathar *)

T(n,k) = A070914(n-|n-k|-1,|n-k|+1) if 3<=k<=2n-3 . - R. J. Mathar, Feb 08 2008

A255918 Array a(n,m) read by descending antidiagonals giving the number of intervals in a generalized Tamari lattice of m-ballot paths of size n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 6, 13, 1, 1, 10, 58, 68, 1, 1, 15, 170, 703, 399, 1, 1, 21, 395, 3685, 9729, 2530, 1, 1, 28, 791, 13390, 91881, 146916, 16965, 1, 1, 36, 1428, 38591, 524256, 2509584, 2359968, 118668, 1, 1, 45, 2388, 94738, 2180262, 22533126

Offset: 1

Jean-François Alcover, Mar 11 2015

This array occurs in counting the degeneracies in the supersymmetric ground states of the Kronecker model of quiver quantum mechanics. See Cordova and Shao, 1.4. - Peter Bala, Oct 29 2017

In mathematical terms, this corresponds to the homology of some moduli spaces of semi-stable representations of the Kronecker quiver K_m with dimension vector (n,n+1). F. Chapoton, Jun 09 2021

			Array begins:
1,   1,    1,     1,      1,       1,       1,        1,        1, ...
1,   3,    6,    10,     15,      21,      28,       36,       45, ...
1,  13,   58,   170,    395,     791,    1428,     2388,     3765, ...
1,  68,  703,  3685,  13390,   38591,   94738,   206718,   412095, ...
1, 399, 9729, 91881, 524256, 2180262, 7291550, 20787390, 52450587, ...
...
2nd row is A000217 (triangular numbers);
3rd row is A103220;
4th row is not in the OEIS;
2nd column is A000260 (number of intervals in the usual Tamari lattice of size n);
3rd column is not in the OEIS.

Olivier Bernardi and Nicolas Bonichon, Intervals in Catalan lattices and realizers of triangulations, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 116:1 (2009), pp. 55-75.
M. Bousquet-Mélou, E. Fusy, and L.-F. Préville Ratelle, The number of intervals in the m-Tamari lattices, arXiv:1106.1498 [math.CO], The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 18, 2 (2011) P31.
Clay Cordova and Shu-Heng Shao, Counting Trees in Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics arXiv:1502.08050v2 [hep-th], 2015.
Thorsten Weist, Localization in quiver moduli spaces, arXiv:0903.5442 [math.RT], 2009.

Cf. A000217, A000260, A070914 (generalized Catalan numbers giving the number of paths), A103220.

a[n_, m_] := ((m + 1)/(n*(m*n + 1)))*Binomial[(m + 1)^2*n + m, n - 1]; Table[a[n - m, m], {n, 1, 12}, {m, n - 1, 0, -1}] // Flatten

def a(n, m):
    return (m + 1) * binomial((m + 1)**2 * n + m, n - 1) // (n*(m*n + 1)) # F. Chapoton, Mar 24 2021

a(n,m) = ((m + 1)/(n*(m*n + 1)))*binomial((m + 1)^2*n + m, n - 1).

A137211 Generalized or s-Catalan numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 12, 22, 1, 14, 55, 140, 285, 1, 42, 273, 969, 2530, 5481, 1, 132, 1428, 7084, 23751, 62832, 141778, 1, 429, 7752, 53820, 231880, 749398, 1997688, 4638348, 1, 1430, 43263, 420732, 2330445, 9203634, 28989675, 77652024

Offset: 1

Roger L. Bagula, Mar 05 2008

nonn

From R. J. Mathar, May 04 2008: (Start)
This is a triangular section of Stanica's array of s-Catalan numbers, with rows A000108, A001764, A002293-A002296, A007556, A062994, A059968,... read along diagonals in A062993 and A070914:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 42, 132, 429, 1430, 4862, 16796, ...
1, 1, 3, 12, 55, 273, 1428, 7752, 43263, 246675, 1430715, ...
1, 1, 4, 22, 140, 969, 7084, 53820, 420732, 3362260, 27343888, ...
1, 1, 5, 35, 285, 2530, 23751, 231880, 2330445, 23950355, 250543370, ...
1, 1, 6, 51, 506, 5481, 62832, 749398, 9203634, 115607310, 1478314266, ...
1, 1, 7, 70, 819, 10472, 141778, 1997688, 28989675, 430321633, 6503352856, ...
1, 1, 8, 92, 1240, 18278, 285384, 4638348, 77652024, 1329890705, 23190029720, ...
1, 1, 9, 117, 1785, 29799, 527085, 9706503, 184138713, 3573805950, 70625252863, ...
1, 1, 10, 145, 2470, 46060, 910252, 18730855, 397089550, 8612835715, 190223180840, ...
(End)
The Fuss-Catalan numbers are Cat(d,k)= [1/(k*(d-1)+1)]*binomial(k*d,k) and enumerate the number of (d+1)-gon partitions of a (k*(d-1)+2)-gon (cf. Whieldon and Schuetz link for this interpretation and others), so the (k+1)-th column of Stanica's array enumerates the number of (n+1)-gon partitions of a (k*(n-1)+2)-gon. Cf. A000326 (k=3), A100157 (k=4) and A234043 (k=5). - Tom Copeland, Oct 05 2014

			{1},
{1, 1},
{1, 2, 3},
{1, 5, 12, 22},
{1, 14, 55, 140, 285},
{1, 42, 273, 969, 2530, 5481},
{1, 132, 1428, 7084, 23751, 62832, 141778},
{1, 429, 7752, 53820, 231880, 749398, 1997688, 4638348}

Heinrich Niederhausen, Catalan Traffic at the Beach, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 9 (2002), #R33.
A. Regev, The Central Component of a Triangulation, J. Int. Seq. 16 (2013) #13.4.1
Alison Schuetz and Gwyneth Whieldon, Polygonal Dissections and Reversions of Series, arXiv:1401.7194 [math.CO], 2014.
P. Stanica, p^q-Catalan numbers and squarefree binomial coefficients, J. Numb. Theory 100 (2003) 203-216.

t[n_, m_] := Binomial[m*n, n]/((m - 1)*n + 1); a = Table[Table[t[n, m], {m, 1, n + 1}], {n, 0, 10}]; Flatten[a]

T(n,m) = binomial(m*n,n)/((m-1)*n+1).

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, May 16 2008

cp's OEIS Frontend

A355262 Array of Fuss-Catalan numbers read by ascending antidiagonals, A(n, k) = binomial(k*n + 1, k)/(k*n + 1).

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A370062 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of achiral dissections of a polygon into n k-gons by nonintersecting diagonals, n >= 1, k >= 3.

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A361236 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of noncrossing k-gonal cacti with n polygons up to rotation.

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A091144 a(n) = binomial(n^2, n)/(1+(n-1)*n).

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A370060 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of achiral dissections of a polygon into n k-gons by nonintersecting diagonals rooted at a cell, n >= 1, k >= 3.

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A113206 Triangle read by rows of generalized Catalan numbers.

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A255918 Array a(n,m) read by descending antidiagonals giving the number of intervals in a generalized Tamari lattice of m-ballot paths of size n.

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A355262 Array of Fuss-Catalan numbers read by ascending antidiagonals, A(n, k) = binomial(kn + 1, k)/(kn + 1).