A335963 -id:A335963 - cp's OEIS frontend

A069987 Squarefree numbers of form k^2 + 1.

2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 65, 82, 101, 122, 145, 170, 197, 226, 257, 290, 362, 401, 442, 485, 530, 577, 626, 677, 730, 785, 842, 901, 962, 1090, 1157, 1226, 1297, 1370, 1522, 1601, 1765, 1937, 2026, 2117, 2210, 2305, 2402, 2501, 2602, 2705, 2810, 2917, 3026

Offset: 1

Sharon Sela (sharonsela(AT)hotmail.com), May 01 2002

nonn

Heath-Brown (following Estermann) shows that, for any e > 0, there are k sqrt(x) + O(x^{7/24 + e}) members of this sequence up to x, for k = Product(1 - 2/p^2) = 0.8948412245... (A335963) where the product is over primes p = 1 mod 4. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 19 2012, corrected by Amiram Eldar, Jul 08 2020

Integers k for which the period of the continued fraction of sqrt(k) is 1. - Michel Marcus, Apr 12 2019

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
T. Estermann, Einige Sätze über quadratfreie Zahlen, Math. Ann. 105 (1931), pp. 653-662.
D. R. Heath-Brown, Square-free values of n^2 + 1, arXiv:1010.6217 [math.NT], 2010-2012.
D. R. Heath-Brown, Square-free values of n^2 + 1, Acta Arithmetica 155 (2012), pp. 1-13.

Cf. A059591, A002496, A124809, A005117, A002522, A335963.

select(numtheory:-issqrfree, [seq(n^2+1, n=1..100)]); # Robert Israel, Feb 09 2016

Select[ Range[10^4], IntegerQ[ Sqrt[ # - 1]] && Union[ Transpose[ FactorInteger[ # ]] [[2]]] [[ -1]] == 1 &]
Select[Range[60]^2+1,SquareFreeQ] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 21 2013 *)

for(n=1,100,if(issquarefree(n^2+1),print1(n^2+1,",")))

a(n) = A049533(n)^2 + 1.

Edited and extended by Robert G. Wilson v, Benoit Cloitre and Vladeta Jovovic, May 04 2002

A340665 Decimal expansion of Product_{primes p == 3 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 6, 4, 8, 7, 8, 6, 6, 8, 9, 2, 1, 6, 2, 6, 8, 6, 8, 6, 4, 3, 0, 0, 9, 4, 7, 2, 0, 8, 2, 2, 8, 9, 5, 1, 1, 9, 3, 6, 4, 1, 3, 0, 0, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, 4, 4, 1, 6, 4, 9, 9, 7, 4, 3, 0, 1, 6, 3, 4, 0, 6, 4, 3, 1, 6, 7, 2, 0, 0, 2, 9, 6, 6, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0, 6, 8, 4, 6, 0, 3, 7, 1, 9, 8, 3, 9, 6, 8, 5, 1, 9

Offset: 1

Artur Jasinski, Jan 15 2021

			1.135764878668921626868643009472082289511936413...

Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..501
R. J. Mathar, Table of Dirichlet L-series and prime zeta modulo functions..., arXiv:1008.2547 Zeta_{m=5,n=3}(s=2).
For links see A340628.

Cf. A004617, A175646, A175647, A248930, A248938, A301429, A333240, A334826, A335963, A340576, A340577, A340578, A340628, A340628, A340004, A340127.

(* Using Vaclav Kotesovec's function Z from A301430. *)
$MaxExtraPrecision = 100; digits = 50; (* Adjust as needed. *)
digitize[c_] := RealDigits[Chop[N[c, digits+10]], 10, digits][[1]];
digitize[Z[5, 3, 2]]

Equals Sum_{k>=1} 1/A004617(k)^2. - Amiram Eldar, Jan 24 2021

A340794 Decimal expansion of Product_{primes p == 2 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 6, 8, 5, 7, 2, 0, 5, 3, 8, 7, 6, 6, 4, 9, 0, 8, 5, 8, 6, 0, 7, 6, 3, 8, 9, 0, 4, 8, 3, 1, 0, 9, 9, 9, 0, 1, 7, 0, 2, 0, 7, 8, 2, 8, 8, 8, 5, 8, 9, 5, 2, 0, 5, 0, 0, 8, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 9, 5, 5, 6, 3, 3, 1, 1, 8, 8, 8, 1, 0, 5, 4, 2, 1, 2, 0, 9, 2, 1, 5, 6, 7, 7, 4, 9, 6, 0, 8, 0, 9, 7, 3, 8, 1, 1, 9, 4, 4, 2, 9, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 5, 4, 0, 9, 3, 2, 2, 6

Offset: 1

Artur Jasinski, Jan 21 2021

			1.36857205387664908586076389048310999017020782888589520500850402955633118881...

Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..501
For links see A340711.

Cf. A004616, A175646, A175647, A248930, A248938, A301429, A333240, A334826, A335963, A340127, A340576, A340577, A340578, A340628, A340629, A340665, A340710, A340711.

(* Using Vaclav Kotesovec's function Z from A301430. *)
$MaxExtraPrecision = 1000; digits = 121;
digitize[c_] := RealDigits[Chop[N[c, digits]], 10, digits - 1][[1]];
digitize[Z[5, 2, 2]]

I = Product_{primes p == 0 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1) = 25/24.
J = Product_{primes p == 1 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1) = A340004.
K = Product_{primes p == 2 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1) = this constant.
L = Product_{primes p == 3 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1) = A340665.
M = Product_{primes p == 4 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1) = A340127.
I*J*K*L*M = Pi^2/6 = zeta(2).
J*K*L*M = 4*Pi^2/25.
M = (Pi/2)*C(5,4)^(-2)*exp(-gamma/2)*sqrt(3/log(2+sqrt(5))), where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant A001620 and C(5,4) is the Mertens constant = 1.29936454791497798816084...
Equals Sum_{k>=1} 1/A004616(k)^2. - Amiram Eldar, Jan 24 2021

A340710 Decimal expansion of Product_{primes p == 2 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 5, 5, 1, 7, 3, 8, 4, 1, 1, 6, 8, 7, 3, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6, 0, 7, 4, 7, 2, 1, 2, 2, 8, 4, 0, 5, 2, 3, 7, 0, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 8, 1, 3, 9, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 9, 9, 1, 5, 5, 8, 1, 7, 9, 0, 6, 2, 1, 6, 1, 7, 5, 6, 8, 6, 2, 1, 6, 4, 6, 4, 5, 1, 1, 9, 2, 7, 5, 9, 7, 9, 9, 0, 2, 4, 8, 5, 2, 5, 6, 3, 9, 7, 6, 9, 6, 3, 6, 8, 9, 5, 1, 6, 8, 2, 5, 3, 0, 2, 5, 1, 5, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Artur Jasinski, Jan 16 2021

			1.7551738411687377766074721228405237...

Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..500
For links see A340711.

Cf. A175646, A175647, A248930, A248938, A301429, A333240, A334826, A335963, A340576, A340577, A340578, A340628, A340629, A340004, A340127, A340711.

(* Using Vaclav Kotesovec's function Z from A301430. *)
$MaxExtraPrecision = 1000; digits = 121;
digitize[c_] := RealDigits[Chop[N[c, digits]], 10, digits - 1][[1]];
digitize[1/(Z[5, 2, 4]/Z[5, 2, 2]^2)]

D = Product_{primes p == 0 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1) = 13/12.
E = Product_{primes p == 1 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1) = A340629.
F = Product_{primes p == 2 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1) = this constant.
G = Product_{primes p == 3 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1) = A340711.
H = Product_{primes p == 4 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1) = A340628.
D*E*F*G*H = 5/2.
E*F*G*H = 30/13.
D*E*H = sqrt(5)/2.
D*F*G = 13*sqrt(5)/12.
F*G = sqrt(5).
E*H = 6*sqrt(5)/13.
Formulas by Pascal Sebah, Jan 20 2021: (Start)
Let g = sqrt(Cl2(2*Pi/5)^2+Cl2(4*Pi/5)^2) = 1.0841621352693895..., where Cl2 is the Clausen function of order 2.
E = 15*sqrt(65)*g/(13*Pi^2).
H = 6*sqrt(13)*Pi^2/(195*g). (End)
Equals Sum_{q in A004616} 2^A001221(q)/q^2. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 27 2021

A124808 Number of numbers k <= n such that k^2 + 1 is squarefree.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 61, 62, 62, 63, 64

Offset: 0

Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 08 2006

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000

Cf. A008683, A049532, A059592, A335963.

ListTools:-PartialSums([seq(numtheory:-mobius(k^2+1)^2, k=0..100)]); # Robert Israel, Jul 15 2015

Accumulate[Table[If[SquareFreeQ[k^2+1],1,0],{k,0,80}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 04 2014 *)
Table[Sum[MoebiusMu[k^2 + 1]^2, {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 100}] (* Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 15 2015 *)

a(n)={my(k,r=0);for(k=0,n,if(issquarefree(k^2+1),r++));return(r);}
main(size)=my(n);vector(size,n,a(n-1)) /* Anders Hellström, Jul 15 2015 */

a(0) = 1, a(n) = a(n-1) + 0^(A059592(n) - 1).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} mu(k^2+1)^2, where mu(n) is the Mobius function (A008683). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 15 2015
a(n) ~ c*n where c = Product_{p prime, p == 1 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/p^2) = 0.894841... (A335963). - Amiram Eldar, Feb 23 2021

A333170 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} phi(k^2 + 1), where phi is the Euler totient function (A000010).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 6, 10, 26, 38, 74, 94, 142, 182, 282, 342, 454, 518, 714, 826, 1082, 1194, 1434, 1614, 2014, 2206, 2590, 2798, 3374, 3686, 4362, 4650, 5274, 5694, 6526, 6958, 7758, 8190, 9246, 9858, 11154, 11698, 12786, 13546, 15146, 15958, 17366, 18086, 19862, 20874

Offset: 0

Amiram Eldar, Mar 09 2020

nonn

			a(0) = phi(0^2 + 1) = phi(1) = 1.
a(1) = phi(0^2 + 1) + phi(1^2 + 1) = phi(1) + phi(2) = 1 + 1 = 2.

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, p. 166.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000

Partial sums of A333169.

Cf. A000010, A002522, A335963.

Accumulate @ Table[EulerPhi[k^2 + 1], {k, 0, 100}]

a(n) = sum(k=0, n, eulerphi(k^2+1)); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 10 2020

a(n) ~ (H/4) * n^3, where H = Product_{p prime, p == 1 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/p^2) = 0.8948412245... (A335963).

A340857 Decimal expansion of constant K5 = 29log(2+sqrt(5))(Product_{primes p == 1 (mod 5)} (1-4(2p-1)/(p(p+1)^2)))/(15Pi^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 2, 6, 5, 2, 1, 8, 8, 7, 2, 0, 5, 3, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 7, 5, 9, 6, 2, 0, 1, 1, 4, 7, 2, 0, 8, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 9, 3, 0, 6, 4, 7, 4, 4, 7, 3, 9, 1, 0, 6, 8, 2, 5, 5, 1, 0, 5, 8, 7, 0, 9, 2, 6, 6, 8, 3, 8, 6, 9, 0, 2, 2, 7, 4, 1, 7, 9, 4, 1, 9, 3, 8, 3, 6, 5, 5, 2, 3, 5, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 8, 9, 1

Offset: 0

Artur Jasinski, Jan 24 2021

Finch and Sebah, 2009, p. 7 (see link) call this constant K_5. K_5 is related to the Mertens constant C(5,1) (see A340839). For more references see the links in A340711. Finch and Sebah give the following definition:

Consider the asymptotic enumeration of m-th order primitive Dirichlet characters mod n. Let b_m(n) denote the count of such characters. There exists a constant 0 < K_m < oo such that Sum_{n <= N} b_m(n) ∼ K_m*N*log(N)^(d(m) - 2) as N -> oo, where d(m) is the number of divisors of m.

			0.262652188720536766675962011472088346530204393064744739106825510587...

Steven Finch and Pascal Sebah, Residue of a Mod 5 Euler Product, arXiv:0912.3677 [math.NT], 2009 p. 10.

Cf. A340878 (K3), A340879 (K4).
Cf. A340004, A340794, A340665, A340127.
Cf. A340629, A340710, A340711, A340628.
Cf. A175646, A301429, A333240.
Cf. A175647, A248930, A248938, A335963.
Cf. A340576, A340577, A340578, A334826.

$MaxExtraPrecision = 1000; digits = 121; f[p_] := (1 - 4*(2*p-1)/(p*(p+1)^2));
coefs = Rest[CoefficientList[Series[Log[f[1/x]], {x, 0, 1000}], x]];
S[m_, n_, s_] := (t = 1; sums = 0; difs = 1; While[Abs[difs] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difs == 0, difs = (MoebiusMu[t]/t) * Log[If[s*t == 1, DirichletL[m, n, s*t], Sum[Zeta[s*t, j/m]*DirichletCharacter[m, n, j]^t, {j, 1, m}]/m^(s*t)]]; sums = sums + difs; t++]; sums);
P[m_, n_, s_] := 1/EulerPhi[m] * Sum[Conjugate[DirichletCharacter[m, r, n]]*S[m, r, s], {r, 1, EulerPhi[m]}] + Sum[If[GCD[p, m] > 1 && Mod[p, m] == n, 1/p^s, 0], {p, 1, m}];
m = 2; sump = 0; difp = 1; While[Abs[difp] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difp == 0, difp = coefs[[m]]*P[5, 1, m]; sump = sump + difp; PrintTemporary[m]; m++];
RealDigits[Chop[N[29*Log[2+Sqrt[5]]/(15*Pi^2) * Exp[sump], digits]], 10, digits-1][[1]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 25 2021, took over 50 minutes *)

Equals (29/25)*(Product_{primes p} (1-1/p)^2*(1+gcd(p-1,5)/(p-1))) [Finch and Sebah, 2009, p. 10].

A340617 Decimal expansion of Product_{p prime, p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/p^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 2, 1, 0, 9, 7, 9, 7, 8, 2, 4, 0, 7, 5, 2, 4, 1, 5, 8, 3, 2, 4, 3, 1, 1, 7, 7, 5, 0, 3, 5, 0, 6, 4, 1, 9, 3, 3, 2, 3, 8, 0, 0, 9, 4, 8, 8, 2, 2, 7, 0, 9, 0, 4, 4, 8, 6, 4, 2, 7, 7, 4, 6, 9, 5, 1, 2, 7, 0, 9, 1, 2, 6, 0, 3, 6, 6, 0, 3, 9, 4, 7, 1, 7, 2, 0, 6, 5, 0, 1, 7, 3, 7, 9, 8, 4, 9, 3, 6, 2, 2, 8, 8, 7, 6, 5

Offset: 0

Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 13 2021

			0.7210979782407524158324311775035064193323800948822709044864277469512...

X. Gourdon and P. Sebah, Some Constants from Number theory
R. J. Mathar, Table of Dirichlet L-series and Prime Zeta Modulo functions for small moduli, arXiv:1008.2547 [math.NT], 2010-2015, page 38 (case 4 3 2).

Cf. A002145, A065474, A085991, A243379, A335963.

Digits := 150;
with(NumberTheory);
DirichletBeta := proc(s) (Zeta(0, s, 1/4) - Zeta(0, s, 3/4))/4^s; end proc;
alfa := proc(s) DirichletBeta(s)*Zeta(s)/((1 + 1/2^s)*Zeta(2*s)); end proc;
beta := proc(s) (1 - 1/2^s)*Zeta(s)/DirichletBeta(s); end proc;
pzetamod43 := proc(s, terms) 1/2*Sum(Moebius(2*j + 1)*log(beta((2*j + 1)*s))/(2*j + 1), j = 0..terms); end proc;
evalf(exp(-Sum(2^t*pzetamod43(2*t, 70)/t, t = 1..200)));

S[m_, n_, s_] := (t = 1; sums = 0; difs = 1; While[Abs[difs] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difs == 0, difs = (MoebiusMu[t]/t) * Log[If[s*t == 1, DirichletL[m, n, s*t], Sum[Zeta[s*t, j/m]*DirichletCharacter[m, n, j]^t, {j, 1, m}]/m^(s*t)]]; sums = sums + difs; t++]; sums);
P[m_, n_, s_] := 1/EulerPhi[m] * Sum[Conjugate[DirichletCharacter[m, r, n]] * S[m, r, s], {r, 1, EulerPhi[m]}] + Sum[If[GCD[p, m] > 1 && Mod[p, m] == n, 1/p^s, 0], {p, 1, m}];
Z2[m_, n_, s_] := (w = 1; sumz = 0; difz = 1; While[Abs[difz] > 10^(-digits - 5), difz = 2^w * P[m, n, s*w]/w; sumz = sumz + difz; w++]; Exp[-sumz]);
$MaxExtraPrecision = 1000; digits = 121; RealDigits[Chop[N[Z2[4, 3, 2], digits]], 10, digits-1][[1]]

Equals 2*A065474/A335963.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A069987 Squarefree numbers of form k^2 + 1.

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A340665 Decimal expansion of Product_{primes p == 3 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1).

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A340794 Decimal expansion of Product_{primes p == 2 (mod 5)} p^2/(p^2-1).

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A340710 Decimal expansion of Product_{primes p == 2 (mod 5)} (p^2+1)/(p^2-1).

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A124808 Number of numbers k <= n such that k^2 + 1 is squarefree.

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A333170 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} phi(k^2 + 1), where phi is the Euler totient function (A000010).

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A340857 Decimal expansion of constant K5 = 29*log(2+sqrt(5))*(Product_{primes p == 1 (mod 5)} (1-4*(2*p-1)/(p*(p+1)^2)))/(15*Pi^2).

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A340617 Decimal expansion of Product_{p prime, p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/p^2).

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A340857 Decimal expansion of constant K5 = 29log(2+sqrt(5))(Product_{primes p == 1 (mod 5)} (1-4(2p-1)/(p(p+1)^2)))/(15Pi^2).