A047998 -id:A047998 - cp's OEIS frontend

A005169 Number of fountains of n coins.

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 15, 26, 45, 78, 135, 234, 406, 704, 1222, 2120, 3679, 6385, 11081, 19232, 33379, 57933, 100550, 174519, 302903, 525734, 912493, 1583775, 2748893, 4771144, 8281088, 14373165, 24946955, 43299485, 75153286, 130440740, 226401112, 392955956, 682038999, 1183789679, 2054659669, 3566196321, 6189714276

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

A fountain is formed by starting with a row of coins, then stacking additional coins on top so that each new coin touches two in the previous row.
Also the number of Dyck paths for which the sum of the heights of the vertices that terminate an upstep (i.e., peaks and doublerises) is n. Example: a(4)=3 because we have UDUUDD, UUDDUD and UDUDUDUD. - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 22 2008
Also the number of ordered trees with path length n (follows from previous comment via a standard bijection). - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 22 2008
Probably first studied by Jim Propp (unpublished).
Number of compositions of n with c(1) = 1 and c(i+1) <= c(i) + 1. (Slide each row right 1/2 step relative to the row below, and count the columns.) - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Nov 24 2009
With the additional requirement for weak unimodality one obtains A001524. - Joerg Arndt, Dec 09 2012

			An example of a fountain with 19 coins:
... O . O O
.. O O O O O O . O
. O O O O O O O O O
From _Peter Bala_, Dec 26 2012: (Start)
F(1/10) = Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)/10^n has the simple continued fraction expansion 1 + 1/(8 + 1/(1 + 1/(8 + 1/(1 + 1/(98 + 1/(1 + 1/(98 + 1/(1 + 1/(998 + 1/(1 + 1/(998 + 1/(1 + ...)))))))))))).
F(-1/10) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*a(n)/10^n has the simple continued fraction expansion 1/(1 + 1/(9 + 1/(1 + 1/(9 + 1/(99 + 1/(1 + 1/(99 + 1/(999 + 1/(1 + 1/(999 + 1/(9999 + 1/(1 + ...)))))))))))).
(End)

S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, p. 381.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..4178 (first 501 terms from T. D. Noe)
Peter Bala, Some simple continued fraction expansions
P. Flajolet, Combinatorial aspects of continued fractions, Discrete Mathematics 32 (1980), pp. 125-161.
P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009; see page 331.
Atli Fannar Franklín, Pattern avoidance enumerated by inversions, arXiv:2410.07467 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 2, 4.
Atli Fannar Franklín, Anders Claesson, Christian Bean, Henning Úlfarsson, and Jay Pantone, Restricted Permutations Enumerated by Inversions, arXiv:2406.16403 [cs.DM], 2024. See p. 2.
M. L. Glasser, V. Privman, N. M. Svrakic, Temperley's triangular lattice compact cluster model: exact solution in terms of the q series. J. Phys. A 20 (1987), no. 18, L1275-L1280.
H. W. Gould, R. K. Guy, and N. J. A. Sloane, Correspondence, 1987.
R. K. Guy, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 25 1986.
R. K. Guy, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, 1987
R. K. Guy, The strong law of small numbers, Amer. Math. Monthly 95 (1988), no. 8, 697-712.
R. K. Guy, The strong law of small numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 95 (1988), no. 8, 697-712. [Annotated scanned copy]
R. K. Guy and N. J. A. Sloane, Correspondence, 1988.
Kival Ngaokrajang, Illustration for initial terms
A. M. Odlyzko and H. S. Wilf, The editor's corner: n coins in a fountain, Amer. Math. Monthly, 95 (1988), 840-843.
A. M. Odlyzko, Asymptotic enumeration methods, pp. 1063-1229 of R. L. Graham et al., eds., Handbook of Combinatorics, 1995; see Example 10.7 (pdf, ps)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fraction.

Cf. A001524, A192728, A192729, A192730, A111317, A143951, A285903, A226999 (inverse Euler transform), A291148 (convolution inverse).
First column of A168396. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Nov 24 2009
Diagonal of A185646.
Row sums of A047998. Column sums of A138158. - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 22 2008

a005169 0 = 1
a005169 n = a168396 n 1  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 13 2013; corrected by R. J. Mathar, Sep 16 2013

P[0]:=1: for n to 40 do P[n]:=sort(expand(t*(sum(P[j]*P[n-j-1]*t^(n-j-1),j= 0..n-1)))) end do: F:=sort(sum(P[k],k=0..40)): seq(coeff(F,t,j),j=0..36); # Emeric Deutsch, Mar 22 2008
# second Maple program:
A005169_G:= proc(x,NK); Digits:=250; Q2:=1;
        for k from NK by -1 to 0 do  Q1:=1-x^k/Q2; Q2:=Q1; od;
        Q3:=Q2; S:=1-Q3;
end:
series(A005169_G(x, 20), x, 21); # Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 18 2011

m = 36; p[0] = 1; p[n_] := p[n] = Expand[t*Sum[p[j]*p[n-j-1]*t^(n-j-1), {j, 0, n-1}]]; f[t_] = Sum[p[k], {k, 0, m}]; CoefficientList[Series[f[t], {t, 0, m}], t] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 21 2011, after Emeric Deutsch *)
max = 43; Series[1-Fold[Function[1-x^#2/#1], 1, Range[max, 0, -1]], {x, 0, max}] // CoefficientList[#, x]& (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 16 2014 *)
b[n_, i_] := b[n, i] = If[n==0, 1, Sum[b[n-j, j], {j, 1, Min[i+1, n]}]];
c[n_] :=  b[n, 0] - b[n-1, 0];
c /@ Range[0, 50] // Accumulate  (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 14 2020, after Alois P. Heinz in A289080 *)

/* using the g.f. from p. L1278 of the Glasser, Privman, Svrakic paper */
N=30;  x='x+O('x^N);
P(k)=sum(n=0,N, (-1)^n*x^(n*(n+1+k))/prod(j=1,n,1-x^j));
G=1+x*P(1)/( (1-x)*P(1)-x^2*P(2) );
Vec(G) /* Joerg Arndt, Feb 10 2011 */

/* As a continued fraction: */
{a(n)=local(A=1+x,CF);CF=1+x;for(k=0,n,CF=1/(1-x^(n-k+1)*CF+x*O(x^n));A=CF);polcoeff(A,n)} /* Paul D. Hanna */

/* By the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction identity: */
{a(n)=local(A=1+x,P,Q);
P=sum(m=0,sqrtint(n),(-1)^m*x^(m*(m+1))/prod(k=1,m,1-x^k));
Q=sum(m=0,sqrtint(n),(-1)^m*x^(m^2)/prod(k=1,m,1-x^k));
A=P/(Q+x*O(x^n));polcoeff(A,n)}  /* Paul D. Hanna */

A005169(n) = f(n, 1), where f(n, p) = 0 if p > n, 1 if p = n, Sum(1 <= q <= p+1; f(n-p, q)) if p < n. f=A168396.
G.f.: F(t) = Sum_{k>=0} P[k], where P[0]=1, P[n] = t*Sum_{j= 0..n-1} P[j]*P[n-j-1]*t^(n-j-1) for n >= 1. - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 22 2008
G.f.: 1/(1-x/(1-x^2/(1-x^3/(1-x^4/(1-x^5/(...)))))) [given on the first page of the Odlyzko/Wilf reference]. - Joerg Arndt, Mar 08 2011
G.f.: 1/G(0), where G(k)= 1 - x^(k+1)/G(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 29 2013
G.f.: A(x) = P(x)/Q(x) where
  P(x) = Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n* x^(n*(n+1)) / Product_{k=1..n} (1-x^k),
  Q(x) = Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n* x^(n^2) / Product_{k=1..n} (1-x^k),
due to the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction identity. - Paul D. Hanna, Jul 08 2011
From Peter Bala, Dec 26 2012: (Start)
Let F(x) denote the o.g.f. of this sequence. For positive integer n >= 3, the real number F(1/n) has the simple continued fraction expansion 1 + 1/(n-2 + 1/(1 + 1/(n-2 + 1/(1 + 1/(n^2-2 + 1/(1 + 1/(n^2-2 + 1/(1 + ...)))))))), while for n >= 2, F(-1/n) has the simple continued fraction expansion 1/(1 + 1/(n-1 + 1/(1 + 1/(n-1 + 1/(n^2-1 + 1/(1 + 1/(n^2-1 + 1/(n^3-1 + 1/(1 + ...))))))))). Examples are given below. Cf. A111317 and A143951.
(End)
a(n) = c * x^(-n) + O((5/3)^n), where c = 0.312363324596741... and x = A347901 = 0.576148769142756... is the lowest root of the equation Q(x) = 0, Q(x) see above (Odlyzko & Wilf 1988). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 18 2013, updated Sep 24 2020
G.f.: G(0), where G(k)= 1 - x^(k+1)/(x^(k+1) - 1/G(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 06 2013
G.f.: 1 - 1/x + 1/(x*W(0)), where W(k)= 1 - x^(2*k+2)/(1 - x^(2*k+1)/W(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 16 2013

More terms from David W. Wilson, Apr 30 2001

A227543 Triangle defined by g.f. A(x,q) such that: A(x,q) = 1 + xA(qx,q)A(x,q), as read by terms k=0..n(n-1)/2 in rows n>=0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 6, 7, 7, 5, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 5, 10, 14, 17, 16, 16, 14, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 6, 15, 25, 35, 40, 43, 44, 40, 37, 32, 28, 22, 18, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 7, 21, 41, 65, 86, 102, 115, 118, 118, 113, 106, 96, 85, 73, 63, 53, 42, 34, 26, 20, 15, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Jul 15 2013

See related triangle A138158.
Row sums are the Catalan numbers (A000108), set q=1 in the g.f. to see this.
Antidiagonal sums equal A005169, the number of fountains of n coins.
The maximum in each row of the triangle is A274291. - Torsten Muetze, Nov 28 2018
The area between a Dyck path and the x-axis may be decomposed into unit area triangles of two types - up-triangles with vertices at the integer lattice points (x, y), (x+1, y+1) and (x+2, y) and down-triangles with vertices at the integer lattice points (x, y), (x-1, y+1) and (x+1, y+1). The table entry T(n,k) equals the number of Dyck paths of semilength n containing k down triangles. See the illustration in the Links section. Cf. A239927. - Peter Bala, Jul 11 2019
The row polynomials of this table are a q-analog of the Catalan numbers due to Carlitz and Riordan. For MacMahon's q-analog of the Catalan numbers see A129175. - Peter Bala, Feb 28 2023

			G.f.: A(x,q) = 1 + x*(1) + x^2*(1 + q) + x^3*(1 + 2*q + q^2 + q^3)
 + x^4*(1 + 3*q + 3*q^2 + 3*q^3 + 2*q^4 + q^5 + q^6)
 + x^5*(1 + 4*q + 6*q^2 + 7*q^3 + 7*q^4 + 5*q^5 + 5*q^6 + 3*q^7 + 2*q^8 + q^9 + q^10)
 + x^6*(1 + 5*q + 10*q^2 + 14*q^3 + 17*q^4 + 16*q^5 + 16*q^6 + 14*q^7 + 11*q^8 + 9*q^9 + 7*q^10 + 5*q^11 + 3*q^12 + 2*q^13 + q^14 + q^15) +...
where g.f.A(x,q) = Sum_{k=0..n*(n-1)/2, n>=0} T(n,k)*x^n*q^k
satisfies A(x,q) = 1 + x*A(q*x,q)*A(x,q).
This triangle of coefficients T(n,k) in A(x,q) begins:
 1;
 1;
 1, 1;
 1, 2, 1, 1;
 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1;
 1, 4, 6, 7, 7, 5, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
 1, 5, 10, 14, 17, 16, 16, 14, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
 1, 6, 15, 25, 35, 40, 43, 44, 40, 37, 32, 28, 22, 18, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
 1, 7, 21, 41, 65, 86, 102, 115, 118, 118, 113, 106, 96, 85, 73, 63, 53, 42, 34, 26, 20, 15, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
 1, 8, 28, 63, 112, 167, 219, 268, 303, 326, 338, 338, 331, 314, 293, 268, 245, 215, 190, 162, 139, 116, 97, 77, 63, 48, 38, 28, 22, 15, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1; ...

Paul D. Hanna and Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..9919 (rows n=0..39 of triangle, flattened). (first 1351 terms from Paul D. Hanna)
M. Archibald, A. Blecher, S. Elizalde, and A. Knopfmacher, Subdiagonal and superdiagonal partitions, Afr. Mat. 36, 77 (2025). See p. 4.
Peter Bala, Illustration of triangular decomposition of area beneath Dyck paths
Peter Bala, The area beneath small Schröder paths: Notes on A224704, A326453 and A326454, Section 4
Luca Ferrari, Unimodality and Dyck paths, arXiv:1207.7295 [math.CO], 2012.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The bounce statistic of a Dyck path, The diagonal inversion statistic of a Dyck path, The area of a Dyck path.
J. Haglund, Catalan Paths and q,t-Enumeration.
Stéphane Ouvry and Alexios P. Polychronakos, Exclusion statistics for particles with a discrete spectrum, arXiv:2105.14042 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2021.
Hao Pan, A finite field approach to the Carlitz-Riordan q-Catalan numbers, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics: An International Journal: Volume 56, Issue 4, Dec 2022, pp 1005-1009.
Thomas Prellberg, Area-perimeter generating functions of lattice walks: q-series and their asymptotics, Slides, School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, July 1, 2009.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fraction.

Cf. A129175, A138158, A227532, A005169, A000108, A274291, A047998, A224704, A239927.

T[n_, k_] := Module[{P, Q},
P = Sum[q^(m^2) (-x)^m/Product[1-q^j, {j, 1, m}] + x O[x]^n, {m, 0, n}];
Q = Sum[q^(m(m-1)) (-x)^m/Product[1-q^j, {j, 1, m}] + x O[x]^n, {m, 0, n}];
SeriesCoefficient[P/Q, {x, 0, n}, {q, 0, k}]
];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n(n-1)/2}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 27 2018, from PARI *)

/* From g.f. A(x,q) = 1 + x*A(q*x,q)*A(x,q): */
{T(n, k)=local(A=1); for(i=1, n, A=1+x*subst(A, x, q*x)*A +x*O(x^n)); polcoeff(polcoeff(A, n, x), k, q)}
for(n=0, 10, for(k=0, n*(n-1)/2, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print(""))

/* By Ramanujan's continued fraction identity: */
{T(n,k)=local(P=1,Q=1);
P=sum(m=0,n,q^(m^2)*(-x)^m/prod(k=1,m,1-q^k)+x*O(x^n));
Q=sum(m=0,n,q^(m*(m-1))*(-x)^m/prod(k=1,m,1-q^k)+x*O(x^n));
polcoeff(polcoeff(P/Q,n,x),k,q)}
for(n=0, 10, for(k=0, n*(n-1)/2, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print(""))

P(x, n) =
{
    if ( n<=1, return(1) );
    return( sum( i=0, n-1, P(x, i) * P(x, n-1 -i) * x^((i+1)*(n-1 -i)) ) );
}
for (n=0, 10, print( Vec( P(x, n) ) ) ); \\ Joerg Arndt, Jan 23 2024

\\ faster with memoization:
N=11;
VP=vector(N+1);  VP[1] =VP[2] = 1;  \\ one-based; memoization
P(n) = VP[n+1];
for (n=2, N, VP[n+1] = sum( i=0, n-1, P(i) * P(n-1 -i) * x^((i+1)*(n-1-i)) ) );
for (n=0, N, print( Vec( P(n) ) ) ); \\ Joerg Arndt, Jan 23 2024

G.f.: A(x,q) = 1/(1 - x/(1 - q*x/(1 - q^2*x/(1 - q^3*x/(1 - q^4*x/(1 -...)))))), a continued fraction.
G.f. satisfies: A(x,q) = P(x,q)/Q(x,q), where
  P(x,q) = Sum_{n>=0} q^(n^2) * (-x)^n / Product_{k=1..n} (1-q^k),
  Q(x,q) = Sum_{n>=0} q^(n*(n-1)) * (-x)^n / Product_{k=1..n} (1-q^k),
due to Ramanujan's continued fraction identity.
...
Sum_{k=0..n*(n-1)/2} T(n,k)*k = 2^(2*n-1) - C(2*n+1,n) + C(2*n-1,n-1) = A006419(n-1) for n>=1.
Logarithmic derivative of the g.f. A(x,q), wrt x, yields triangle A227532.
From Peter Bala, Jul 11 2019: (Start)
(n+1)th row polynomial R(n+1,q) = Sum_{k = 0..n} q^k*R(k,x)*R(n-k,q), with R(0,q) = 1.
1/A(q*x,q) is the generating function for the triangle A047998. (End)
Conjecture: b(n) = P(n, n) where b(n) is an integer sequence with g.f. B(x) = 1/(1 - f(0)*x/(1 - f(1)*x/(1 - f(2)*x/(1 - f(3)*x/(1 - f(4)*x/(1 -...)))))), P(n, k) = P(n-1, k) + f(n-k)*P(n, k-1) for 0 < k <= n with P(n, k) = 0 for k > n, P(n, 0) = 1 for n >= 0 and where f(n) is an arbitrary function. In fact for this sequence we have f(n) = q^n. - Mikhail Kurkov, Sep 26 2024

A239927 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength k such that the area between the x-axis and the path is n (n>=0; 0<=k<=n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 6, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 10, 0, 7, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 15, 0, 8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 14, 0, 21, 0, 9, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 25, 0, 28, 0, 10, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 17, 0, 41, 0, 36, 0, 11, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Joerg Arndt, Mar 29 2014

Triangle A129182 transposed.
Column sums give the Catalan numbers (A000108).
Row sums give A143951.
Sums along falling diagonals give A005169.
T(4n,2n) = A240008(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 30 2014

			Triangle begins:
00:  1;
01:  0, 1;
02:  0, 0, 1;
03:  0, 0, 0, 1;
04:  0, 0, 1, 0, 1;
05:  0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1;
06:  0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1;
07:  0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 1;
08:  0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 1;
09:  0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 6, 0, 1;
10:  0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 10, 0, 7, 0, 1;
11:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 15, 0, 8, 0, 1;
12:  0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 14, 0, 21, 0, 9, 0, 1;
13:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 25, 0, 28, 0, 10, 0, 1;
14:  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 17, 0, 41, 0, 36, 0, 11, 0, 1;
15:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 35, 0, 63, 0, 45, 0, 12, 0, 1;
16:  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 16, 0, 65, 0, 92, 0, 55, 0, 13, 0, 1;
17:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 40, 0, 112, 0, 129, 0, 66, 0, 14, 0, 1;
18:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 86, 0, 182, 0, 175, 0, 78, 0, 15, 0, 1;
19:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 43, 0, 167, 0, 282, 0, 231, 0, 91, 0, 16, 0, 1;
20:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 0, 102, 0, 301, 0, 420, 0, 298, 0, 105, 0, 17, 0, 1;
...
Column k=4 corresponds to the following 14 paths (dots denote zeros):
#:         path              area   steps (Dyck word)
01:  [ . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . ]     4     + - + - + - + -
02:  [ . 1 . 1 . 1 2 1 . ]     6     + - + - + + - -
03:  [ . 1 . 1 2 1 . 1 . ]     6     + - + + - - + -
04:  [ . 1 . 1 2 1 2 1 . ]     8     + - + + - + - -
05:  [ . 1 . 1 2 3 2 1 . ]    10     + - + + + - - -
06:  [ . 1 2 1 . 1 . 1 . ]     6     + + - - + - + -
07:  [ . 1 2 1 . 1 2 1 . ]     8     + + - - + + - -
08:  [ . 1 2 1 2 1 . 1 . ]     8     + + - + - - + -
09:  [ . 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 . ]    10     + + - + - + - -
10:  [ . 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 . ]    12     + + - + + - - -
11:  [ . 1 2 3 2 1 . 1 . ]    10     + + + - - - + -
12:  [ . 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 . ]    12     + + + - - + - -
13:  [ . 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 . ]    14     + + + - + - - -
14:  [ . 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 . ]    16     + + + + - - - -
There are no paths with weight < 4, one with weight 4, none with weight 5, 3 with weight 6, etc., therefore column k=4 is
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...].
Row n=8 is [0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 1], the corresponding paths of weight=8 are:
Semilength 4:
  [ . 1 . 1 2 1 2 1 . ]
  [ . 1 2 1 . 1 2 1 . ]
  [ . 1 2 1 2 1 . 1 . ]
Semilength 6:
  [ . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 2 1 . ]
  [ . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 2 1 . 1 . ]
  [ . 1 . 1 . 1 2 1 . 1 . 1 . ]
  [ . 1 . 1 2 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . ]
  [ . 1 2 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . ]
Semilength 8:
  [ . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . ]

Joerg Arndt and Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..140, flattened

Sequences obtained by particular choices for x and y in the g.f. F(x,y) are: A000108 (F(1, x)), A143951 (F(x, 1)), A005169 (F(sqrt(x), sqrt(x))),  A227310 (1+x*F(x, x^2), also 2-1/F(x, 1)), A239928 (F(x^2, x)), A052709 (x*F(1,x+x^2)), A125305 (F(1, x+x^3)), A002212 (F(1, x/(1-x))).
Cf. A047998, A138158, A227543.
Cf. A129181.

b:= proc(x, y, k) option remember;
      `if`(y<0 or y>x or k<0, 0, `if`(x=0, `if`(k=0, 1, 0),
       b(x-1, y-1, k-y+1/2)+ b(x-1, y+1, k-y-1/2)))
    end:
T:= (n, k)-> b(2*k, 0, n):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..20);  # Alois P. Heinz, Mar 29 2014

b[x_, y_, k_] := b[x, y, k] = If[y<0 || y>x || k<0, 0, If[x == 0, If[k == 0, 1, 0], b[x-1, y-1, k-y+1/2] + b[x-1, y+1, k-y-1/2]]]; T[n_, k_] := b[2*k, 0, n]; Table[ Table[T[n, k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 18 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)

rvec(V) = { V=Vec(V); my(n=#V); vector(n, j, V[n+1-j] ); }
print_triangle(V)= { my( N=#V ); for(n=1, N, print( rvec( V[n]) ) ); }
N=20; x='x+O('x^N);
F(x,y, d=0)=if (d>N, 1, 1 / (1-x*y * F(x, x^2*y, d+1) ) );
v= Vec( F(x,y) );
print_triangle(v)

G.f.: F(x,y) satisfies F(x,y) = 1 / (1 - x*y * F(x, x^2*y) ).

G.f.: 1/(1 - y*x/(1 - y*x^3/(1 - y*x^5/(1 - y*x^7/(1 - y*x^9/( ... )))))).

A138158 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ordered trees with n edges and path length k; 0 <= k <= n(n+1)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 6, 7, 7, 5, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 10, 14, 17, 16, 16, 14, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 15, 25, 35, 40, 43, 44, 40, 37, 32, 28, 22, 18, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 0

Emeric Deutsch, Mar 21 2008

T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength n for which the sum of the heights of the vertices that terminate an upstep (i.e. peaks and doublerises) is k. Example: T(4,7)=3 because we have UUDUDUDD, UDUUUDDD and UUUDDDUD.
See related triangle A227543.
Row n contains 1+n(n+1)/2 terms.
The maximum in each row of the triangle is A274291. - Torsten Muetze, Nov 28 2018
It appears that for j = 0,1,...,n-1 the first j terms of the rows in reversed order are given by A000041(j), the partition numbers. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 14 2020

			T(2,2)=1 because /\ is the only ordered tree with 2 edges and path length 2.
Triangle starts
 1,
 0, 1,
 0, 0, 1, 1,
 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1,
 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1,
 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 6, 7, 7, 5, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1,
 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 10, 14, 17, 16, 16, 14, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1,
 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 15, 25, 35, 40, 43, 44, 40, 37, 32, 28, 22, 18, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1,
... [_Joerg Arndt_, Feb 21 2014]

Seiichi Manyama, Rows n = 0..38, flattened
Ron M. Adin and Yuval Roichman, On maximal chains in the non-crossing partition lattice, arXiv:1201.4669 [math.CO], 2012-2013.
Luca Ferrari, Unimodality and Dyck paths, arXiv:1207.7295 [math.CO], 2012.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The bounce statistic of a Dyck path, The dinv statistic of a Dyck path, The area of a Dyck path.
Philippe Flajolet and Robert Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009, page 185.

Cf. A227543, A000108, A005169, A000346, A047998, A274291.

P[0]:=1: for n to 7 do P[n]:=sort(expand(t*(sum(P[j]*P[n-j-1]*t^(n-j-1),j= 0.. n-1)))) end do: for n from 0 to 7 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, j),j=0..(1/2)*n*(n+1)) end do; # yields sequence in triangular form

nmax = 7;
P[0] = 1; P[n_] := P[n] = t*Sum[P[j]*P[n-j-1]*t^(n-j-1), {j, 0, n-1}];
row[n_] := row[n] = CoefficientList[P[n] + O[t]^(n(n+1)/2 + 1), t];
T[n_, k_] := row[n][[k+1]];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, nmax}, {k, 0, n(n+1)/2}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 11 2018, from Maple *)
nn = 10; f[z_, u_] := Sum[Sum[a[n, k] u^k z^n, {k, 0, Binomial[n, 2]}], {n, 1, nn}]; sol = SolveAlways[Series[0 == f[z, u] - z/(1 - f[u z, u]) , {z, 0, nn}], {z, u}];Level[Table[Table[a[n, k], {k, 0, Binomial[n, 2]}], {n, 1, nn}] /.
sol, {2}] // Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 14 2020 *)

G.f. G(t,z) satisfies G(t,z) = 1+t*z*G(t,z)*G(t,t*z).
Row generating polynomials P[n]=P[n](t) are given by P[0]=1, P[n] = t * Sum( P[j]*P[n-j-1]*t^(n-1-j), j=0..n-1 ) (n>=1).
Row sums are the Catalan numbers (A000108).
Sum of entries in column n = A005169(n).
Sum_{k=0..n(n+1)/2} k*T(n,k) = A000346(n-1).
T(n,k) = A047998(k,n).
G.f.: 1/(1 - x*y/(1 - x*y^2/(1 - x*y^3/(1 - x*y^4/(1 - x*y^5)/(1 - ... ))))), a continued fraction. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Apr 21 2017

A326453 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of small Schröder paths of semilength k such that the area between the path and the x-axis is equal to n (n >= 0; 0 <= k <= n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 6, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 10, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 16, 15, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 19, 30, 21, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 19, 45, 50, 28, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 19, 55, 90, 77, 36, 9, 1, 3, 19, 61, 131, 161, 112, 45, 10, 1

Offset: 0

Peter Bala, Jul 06 2019

A239927 is the companion triangle for Dyck paths.
A Schröder path is a lattice path in the plane starting and ending on the x-axis, never going below the x-axis, using the steps (1,1) rise, (1,-1) fall or (2,0) flat. A small Schröder path is a Schröder path with no flat steps on the x-axis.
The area between a small Schröder path and the x-axis may be decomposed into a stack of unit area triangles; the triangles are of two types: up-triangles with vertices at the lattice points (x, y), (x+1, y+1) and (x+2, y) and down-triangles with vertices at the lattice points (x, y), (x-1, y+1) and (x+1, y+1). A small Schröder path of semilength k has k up-triangles in the bottom row of its stack. See the illustration in the Links section for an example. Thus an alternative description of the triangle entry T(n,k) is the number of n triangle stacks, in the sense of A224704, containing k up-triangles in the bottom row.

			Triangle begins
  n\k|  0    1   2    3    4    5    6    7   8    9
  --------------------------------------------------
   0 |  1
   1 |  0    1
   2 |  0    0   1
   3 |  0    0   1    1
   4 |  0    0   1    2    1
   5 |  0    0   0    3    3    1
   6 |  0    0   0    2    6    4    1
   7 |  0    0   0    1    7   10    5    1
   8 |  0    0   0    1    6   16   15    6   1
   9 |  0    0   0    1    5   19   30   21   7   1
   ...
Example of a stack of 10 up- and down-triangles with 5 up-triangles in the bottom row.
          /\  /\
         /__\/__\     __
        /\  /\  /\  /\  /\
       /__\/__\/__\/__\/__\

P. Bala, Illustration for row 5
P. Bala, The area beneath small Schröder paths: Notes on A224704, A326453 and A326454

Row sums A224704. Cf. A047998, A227543, A239927, A309086, A326454.

O.g.f. as a continued fraction: A(q,u) = 1/(1 + u - (1 + q)*u/(1 + u - (1 + q^3)*u/(1 + u - (1 + q^5)*u/( (...) )))) =  1 + q*u + q^2*u^2 + q^3*(u^2 + u^3) + q^4*(u^2 + 2*u^3 + u^4) + ...(q marks the area, u marks the up- triangles in the bottom row).
Alternative forms: A(q,u) = 1/(1 - q*u/(1 - q^2*u - q^3*u/(1 - q^4*u/( (...) ))));
A(q,u) = 1/(1 - q*u/(1 - (q^2 + q^3)*u/(1 - q^5*u/(1 - (q^4 + q^7)*u/(1 - q^9*u/(1 - (q^6 + q^11)*u/(1 - q^13*u/( (...) )))))))).
O.g.f. as a ratio of q-series: N(q,u)/D(q,u), where N(q,u) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*u^n*q^(2*n^2 + n)/( (1 - q^2)*(1 - q^4)*...*(1 - q^(2*n)) * (1 - u*q^2)*(1 - u*q^4)*...*(1 - u*q^(2*n)) ) and D(q,u) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*u^n*q^(2*n^2 - n)/( (1 - q^2)*(1 - q^4)*...*(1 - q^(2*n)) * (1 - u*q^2)*(1 - u*q^4)*...*(1 - u*q^(2*n)) ).

A383253 Number of compositions of n with parts in standard order.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 16, 29, 53, 98, 182, 340, 638, 1202, 2273, 4312, 8204, 15650, 29925, 57344, 110101, 211771, 407987, 787174, 1520851, 2942030, 5697842, 11046881, 21438881, 41645541, 80967881, 157547508, 306791828, 597847686, 1165828440, 2274890125

Offset: 0

John Tyler Rascoe, May 06 2025

A composition with parts in standard order satisfies the condition that for any part p > 1, the part p - 1 has already appeared. All compositions of this kind have first part 1.

			a(6) = 9 counts: (1,1,1,1,1,1), (1,1,1,1,2), (1,1,1,2,1), (1,1,2,1,1), (1,2,1,1,1), (1,1,2,2), (1,2,1,2), (1,2,2,1), (1,2,3).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..3333

Cf. A000110, A011782, A047998, A107429, A126347, A278984, (row sums of A383713).

b:= proc(n, i) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add(
      b(n-j, max(i, j)), j=1..min(n, i+1)))
    end:
a:= n-> b(n, 0):
seq(a(n), n=0..36);  # Alois P. Heinz, May 08 2025

A_x(N) = {my(x='x+O('x^(N+1))); Vec(1 + sum(i=1,(N/2)+1, x^(i*(i+1)/2)/prod(j=1,i, 1 - (x-x^(j+1))/(1-x))))}
A_x(40)

G.f.: 1 + Sum_{i>0} x^(i*(i+1)/2) / Product_{j=1..i} 1 - (x - x^(j+1))/(1 - x).

A326676 Triangular array: T(n,k) equals the number of n triangle stacks of large Schröder type with k down-triangles in the bottom row of the stack.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 4, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 6, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 7, 10, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 10, 14, 15, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 11, 21, 25, 21, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 10, 28, 40, 41, 28, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 9, 31, 60, 71, 63, 36, 10, 1

Offset: 0

Peter Bala, Jul 17 2019

We define two types of plane triangles of unit area - up-triangles with vertices at the lattice points (x, y), (x+1, y+1) and (x+2, y) and down-triangles with vertices at the lattice points (x, y), (x-1, y+1) and (x+1, y+1).
To construct a triangle stack of large Schröder type we start with a horizontal row of k contiguous down-triangles forming the base row of the stack. Subsequent rows of the stack are formed by placing up-triangles on some, all or none of the down-triangles of the previous row. In the spaces between pairs of adjacent up-triangles further down-triangles may be placed. For an example, see the illustration in the Links section. There is an obvious bijective correspondence between triangle stacks of large Schröder type with a base of k down-triangles and large Schröder paths of semilength k. For another version of this array see A129179.
For triangle stacks of small Schröder type, where the base row consists of contiguous up-triangles, see A224704.

			Triangle begins
   n\k  0  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   0 |  1
   1 |  0  1
   2 |  0  1   1
   3 |  0  0   2   1
   4 |  0  0   1   3   1
   5 |  0  0   1   3   4   1
   6 |  0  0   1   3   6   5   1
   7 |  0  0   0   4   7  10   6   1
   8 |  0  0   0   3  10  14  15   7   1
   9 |  0  0   0   2  11  21  25  21   8  1
  10 |  0  0   0   1  10  28  40  41  28  9  1
...

P. Bala, Example of triangle stack of large Schröder type
P. Bala, Triangle Stacks of large Schröder type

Row sums A088352. Column sums A006318. Cf. A047998, A129179, A224704.

O.g.f. as a continued fraction: (q marks the area of the stack and b marks down-triangles in the base of the stack)
A(q,b) = 1/(1 - q*b - q^2*b/(1 - q^3*b - q^4*b/(1 - q^5*b - q^6*b/( (...) )))) = 1 + b*q + (b + b^2)*q^2 + (2*b^2 + b^3)*q^3 + (b^2 + 3*b^3 + b^4)*q^4 + ....
A(q,b) = 1/(1 - (q + q^2)*b/(1 - q^4*b/(1 - (q^3 + q^6)*b/(1 - q^8*b/(1 - (q^5 + q^10)*b/(1 - q^12*b/( (...) ))))))).
O.g.f. as a ratio of q-series: N(q,b)/D(q,b), where N(q,b) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*q^(2*n^2+2*n)*b^n/( (Product_{k = 1..n} 1 - q^(2*k)) * (Product_{k = 1..n+1} 1 - q^(2*k-1)*b) ) and D(q,b) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*q^(2*n^2)*b^n/( (Product_{k = 1..n} 1 - q^(2*k)) * (Product_{k = 1..n} 1 - q^(2*k-1)*b) ).

A058300 Number of ways of piling up n wine bottles above a row of n+1 bottles at ground level.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 3, 7, 16, 43, 115, 303, 813, 2203, 5991, 16371, 44917, 123598, 340988, 942930, 2612735, 7252407, 20163046, 56136326, 156488946, 436739752, 1220157514, 3412116339, 9550192161, 26751643663, 74991516850, 210364915858, 590490257667, 1658484275955

Offset: 0

Roland Bacher, Dec 08 2000

Related to the Catalan numbers (which count the ways of storing an arbitrary number of bottles above n bottles at ground level).

Related to fountains of n coins (A005169). [Joerg Arndt, Mar 18 2011]

			a(4) = 7: the seven possibilities are:
..............0.............0.........0...............0.........0............0
.0.0.0.0.....0.0.0.......0.0.0.......0.0...0.....0...0.0.......0.0.0......0.0.0
0.0.0.0.0.,.0.0.0.0.0.,.0.0.0.0.0.,.0.0.0.0.0.,.0.0.0.0.0.,.0.0.0.0.0,.0.0.0.0.0

R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics (Volume 2); see Exercise 6.19(hhh).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..600
Andrew M. Odlyzko and Herbert S. Wilf, The editor's corner: n coins in a fountain, Amer. Math. Monthly, 95 (1988), 840-843.

Cf. A047998.

terms = 31; initialMax = 5; Clear[g]; g[max_] := g[max] = (Print["max = ", max]; f = 1/Fold[1 - y*x^#2/#1&, 1, Range[max] // Reverse]; b[n_, k_] := SeriesCoefficient[f, {x, 0, n}, {y, 0, k}]; b[0, 0] = 1; Clear[a]; a[n_] := a[n] = b[2n+1, n+1]; Array[a, terms, 0]); g[max = initialMax]; g[max = max+1]; While[g[max] != g[max-1], max = max+1]; A058300 = g[max] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 05 2017, after Alois P. Heinz's formula *)

Coefficient of w^(2*n+1)*z^(n+1) in the formal power series G(w, z) defined by G(w, z)=1+w*z*G(w, w*z).
a(n) = A047998(2n+1,n+1). - Alois P. Heinz, Jun 24 2015
a(n) ~ c * d^n / sqrt(n), where d = 2.8566122635122125634030051... and c = 0.19212135026441477122126... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 17 2019

More terms from Alois P. Heinz, Jun 24 2015

A187080 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: fountains of n coins and height k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 12, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 33, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 54, 22, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 88, 44, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 143, 85, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 232, 161, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 376, 302, 25, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

Joerg Arndt, Mar 08 2011

See A005169 for the definition of a "fountain of n coins". [John W. Layman, Mar 10 2011]

			Triangle begins:
1;
0,1;
0,1,0;
0,1,1,0;
0,1,2,0,0;
0,1,4,0,0,0;
0,1,7,1,0,0,0;
0,1,12,2,0,0,0,0;
0,1,20,5,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,33,11,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,54,22,1,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,88,44,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,143,85,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,232,161,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,376,302,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,609,559,52,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,986,1026,105,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
0,1,1596,1870,207,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
The 15 compositions corresponding to fountains of 7 coins are the following:
   #:    composition      height
   1:    [ 1 2 3 1 ]        3
   2:    [ 1 2 2 2 ]        2
   3:    [ 1 1 2 3 ]        3
   4:    [ 1 2 2 1 1 ]      2
   5:    [ 1 2 1 2 1 ]      2
   6:    [ 1 1 2 2 1 ]      2
   7:    [ 1 2 1 1 2 ]      2
   8:    [ 1 1 2 1 2 ]      2
   9:    [ 1 1 1 2 2 ]      2
  10:    [ 1 2 1 1 1 1 ]    2
  11:    [ 1 1 2 1 1 1 ]    2
  12:    [ 1 1 1 2 1 1 ]    2
  13:    [ 1 1 1 1 2 1 ]    2
  14:    [ 1 1 1 1 1 2 ]    2
  15:    [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]  1
  stats:  0 1 12 2 0 0 0 0

Seiichi Manyama, Rows n = 0..25, flattened

Row sums give A005169 (fountains of n coins).

Cf. A047998, A187081 (sandpiles by height).

b[n_, i_, h_] := b[n, i, h] = If[n == 0, x^h, Sum[b[n - j, j, Max[h, j]], {j, 1, Min[i + 1, n]}]];
T[n_] := Table[Coefficient[#, x, i], {i, 0, n}]& @ b[n, 0, 0];
Table[T[n], {n, 0, 25}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 31 2019, after Alois P. Heinz in A291878 *)

T(n,1) + T(n,2) = Fibonacci(n).

A291878 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of fountains of n coins and height k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4, 0, 1, 7, 1, 0, 1, 12, 2, 0, 1, 20, 5, 0, 1, 33, 11, 0, 1, 54, 22, 1, 0, 1, 88, 44, 2, 0, 1, 143, 85, 5, 0, 1, 232, 161, 12, 0, 1, 376, 302, 25, 0, 1, 609, 559, 52, 1, 0, 1, 986, 1026, 105, 2, 0, 1, 1596, 1870, 207, 5, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Seiichi Manyama, Sep 05 2017

Same as A187080, with trailing zeros omitted.

			T(6, 1) = 1;
. O O O O O O .
-------------------------------------------------------
T(6, 2) = 7;
.. O O ......... O O ..... O . O ..
. O O O O ... O O O O ... O O O O .
.......................................................
.. O ............. O ............. O ............. O ..
. O O O O O ... O O O O O ... O O O O O ... O O O O O .
-------------------------------------------------------
T(6, 3) = 1;
... O ...
.. O O ..
. O O O .
-------------------------------------------------------
First few rows are:
  1;
  0,  1;
  0,  1;
  0,  1,   1;
  0,  1,   2;
  0,  1,   4;
  0,  1,   7,   1;
  0,  1,  12,   2;
  0,  1,  20,   5;
  0,  1,  33,  11;
  0,  1,  54,  22,  1;
  0,  1,  88,  44,  2;

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..1000, flattened

Row sums give A005169.
Columns 0-2 give A000007, A000012, A000071.
Cf. A047998, A187080.

b:= proc(n, i, h) option remember; `if`(n=0, x^h,
      add(b(n-j, j, max(h, j)), j=1..min(i+1, n)))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0$2)):
seq(T(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 05 2017

b[n_, i_, h_] := b[n, i, h] = If[n == 0, x^h, Sum[b[n - j, j, Max[h, j]], {j, 1, Min[i + 1, n]}]];
T[n_] := Table[Coefficient[#, x, i], {i, 0, Exponent[#, x]}]& @ b[n, 0, 0];
Table[T[n], {n, 0, 30}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 31 2019, after Alois P. Heinz *)

from sympy.core.cache import cacheit
from sympy import Symbol, Poly, flatten
x=Symbol('x')
@cacheit
def b(n, i, h): return x**h if n==0 else sum([b(n - j, j, max(h, j)) for j in range(1, min(i + 1, n) + 1)])
def T(n): return 1 if n==0 else Poly(b(n, 0, 0)).all_coeffs()[::-1]
print(flatten(map(T, range(31)))) # Indranil Ghosh, Sep 06 2017

cp's OEIS Frontend

A005169 Number of fountains of n coins.

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A227543 Triangle defined by g.f. A(x,q) such that: A(x,q) = 1 + x*A(q*x,q)*A(x,q), as read by terms k=0..n*(n-1)/2 in rows n>=0.

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A239927 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength k such that the area between the x-axis and the path is n (n>=0; 0<=k<=n).

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A138158 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ordered trees with n edges and path length k; 0 <= k <= n(n+1)/2.

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A326453 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of small Schröder paths of semilength k such that the area between the path and the x-axis is equal to n (n >= 0; 0 <= k <= n).

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A383253 Number of compositions of n with parts in standard order.

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A227543 Triangle defined by g.f. A(x,q) such that: A(x,q) = 1 + xA(qx,q)A(x,q), as read by terms k=0..n(n-1)/2 in rows n>=0.