A064000 -id:A064000 - cp's OEIS frontend

A034448 usigma(n) = sum of unitary divisors of n (divisors d such that gcd(d, n/d)=1); also called UnitarySigma(n).

1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 8, 9, 10, 18, 12, 20, 14, 24, 24, 17, 18, 30, 20, 30, 32, 36, 24, 36, 26, 42, 28, 40, 30, 72, 32, 33, 48, 54, 48, 50, 38, 60, 56, 54, 42, 96, 44, 60, 60, 72, 48, 68, 50, 78, 72, 70, 54, 84, 72, 72, 80, 90, 60, 120, 62, 96, 80, 65, 84, 144, 68, 90, 96, 144

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 11 1999

Row sums of the triangle in A077610. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2002

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^e+1 for e>0. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Sep 11 2005

			Unitary divisors of 12 are 1, 3, 4, 12. Or, 12=3*2^2 hence usigma(12)=(3+1)*(2^2+1)=20.

James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 147.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Octavio A. Agustín-Aquino, Prime injections and quasipolarities, Matematiche 69 (2014) 159-168
Steven R. Finch, Unitarism and Infinitarism, February 25, 2004. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, p. 50.
Carl Pomerance and Hee-Sung Yang, Variant of a theorem of Erdős on the sum-of-proper-divisors function, Math. Comp., to appear (2014).
Tim Trudgian, The sum of the unitary divisor function, Publications de l'Institut Mathématique 2015 Vol. 97, Issue 111, pp. 175-180.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Unitary Divisor Function
Wikipedia, Unitary divisor

Cf. A000203, A034444, A034460, A047994, A048250, A064000, A064609, A191414.
Cf. A063937 (squares > 1).
Cf. A188999, A301981, A301982.

a034448 = sum . a077610_row  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2012
(Python 3.8+)
from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def A034448(n): return prod(p**e+1 for p, e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 20 2021

A034448 := proc(n) local ans, i:ans := 1: for i from 1 to nops(ifactors(n)[ 2 ]) do ans := ans*(1+ifactors(n)[ 2 ][ i ][ 1 ]^ifactors(n)[ 2 ] [ i ] [ 2 ]): od: RETURN(ans) end:
a := proc(n) local i; numtheory[divisors](n); select(d -> igcd(d,n/d)=1, %); add(i,i=%) end; # Peter Luschny, May 03 2009

usigma[n_] := Block[{d = Divisors[n]}, Plus @@ Select[d, GCD[ #, n/# ] == 1 &]]; Table[ usigma[n], {n, 71}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 28 2004 *)
Table[DivisorSum[n, # &, CoprimeQ[#, n/#] &], {n, 70}] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 01 2017 *)
usigma[n_] := If[n == 1, 1, Times @@ (1 + Power @@@ FactorInteger[n])]; Array[usigma, 100] (* faster since avoids generating divisors, Giovanni Resta, Apr 23 2017 *)

A034448(n)=sumdiv(n,d,if(gcd(d,n/d)==1,d)) \\ Rick L. Shepherd

A034448(n) = {my(f=factorint(n)); prod(k=1, #f[,2], f[k,1]^f[k,2]+1)} \\ Andrew Lelechenko, Apr 22 2014

a(n)=sumdivmult(n,d,if(gcd(d,n/d)==1,d)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 09 2014

If n = Product p_i^e_i, usigma(n) = Product (p_i^e_i + 1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 19 2001
Dirichlet generating function: zeta(s)*zeta(s-1)/zeta(2s-1). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Sep 11 2005
Conjecture: a(n) = sigma(n^2/rad(n))/sigma(n/rad(n)), where sigma = A000203 and rad = A007947. - Velin Yanev, Aug 20 2017
This conjecture is easily verified since all the functions involved are multiplicative and proving it for prime powers is straightforward. - Juan José Alba González, Mar 19 2021
From Amiram Eldar, May 29 2020: (Start)
Sum_{d|n, gcd(d, n/d) = 1} a(d) * (-1)^omega(n/d) = n.
a(n) <= sigma(n) = A000203(n), with equality if and only if n is squarefree (A005117). (End)
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ Pi^2 * n^2 / (12*zeta(3)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 20 2021
a(n) = uphi(n^2)/uphi(n) = A191414(n)/uphi(n), where uphi(n) = A047994(n). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 21 2024

More terms from Erich Friedman

A005114 Untouchable numbers, also called nonaliquot numbers: impossible values for the sum of aliquot parts function (A001065).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 52, 88, 96, 120, 124, 146, 162, 188, 206, 210, 216, 238, 246, 248, 262, 268, 276, 288, 290, 292, 304, 306, 322, 324, 326, 336, 342, 372, 406, 408, 426, 430, 448, 472, 474, 498, 516, 518, 520, 530, 540, 552, 556, 562, 576, 584, 612, 624, 626, 628, 658

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Complement of A078923. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 19 2005
Chen & Zhao show that the lower density of this sequence is at least 0.06, improving on te Riele. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 28 2013
Numbers k such that A048138(k) = 0. A048138(k) measures how "touchable" k is. - Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Jan 12 2020
From Amiram Eldar, Feb 13 2021: (Start)
The term "untouchable number" was coined by Alanen (1972). He found the 570 terms below 5000.
Erdős (1973) proved that the lower asymptotic density of untouchable numbers is positive, te Riele (1976) proved that it is > 0.0324, and Banks and Luca (2004, 2005) proved that it is > 1/48.
Pollack and Pomerance (2016) conjectured that the asymptotic density is ~ 0.17. (End)
The upper asymptotic density is less than 1/2 by the 'almost all' binary Goldbach conjecture, independently proved by Nikolai Chudakov, Johannes van der Corput, and Theodor Estermann. (In this context, this shows that the density of the odd numbers of this form is 0 (consider A001065(p*q) for prime p, q); full Goldbach would prove that 5 is the only odd number in this sequence.) - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 05 2022

Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd ed., Springer, 2004, section B10, pp. 100-101.
Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 65.
József Sándor, Dragoslav S. Mitrinovic, Borislav Crstici, Handbook of Number Theory I, Springer Science & Business Media, 2005, page 93.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 147.
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, Revised edition 1987. See p. 125.

Giovanni Resta, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..13863 (terms < 10^5; first 8153 terms from Klaus Brockhaus)
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy], p. 840.
Jack David Alanen, Empirical study of aliquot series, Ph.D Thesis, Yale University, 1972.
William D. Banks and Florian Luca, Noncototients and Nonaliquots, arXiv:math/0409231 [math.NT], 2004.
William D. Banks and Florian Luca, Nonaliquots and Robbins numbers, Colloq. Math., Vol. 103, No. 1 (2005), pp. 27-32.
Yong-Gao Chen and Qing-Qing Zhao, Nonaliquot numbers, Publ. Math. Debrecen, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2011), pp. 439-442.
K. Chum, R. K. Guy, M. J. Jacobson, Jr., and A. S. Mosunov, Numerical and statistical analysis of aliquot sequences, Experimental Mathematics (2018), pp. 1-12.
Paul Erdős, Über die Zahlen der Form sigma(n)-n und n-phi(n), Elemente der Math., Vol. 28 (1973), pp. 83-86; alternative link (in German).
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Beauty of Number 153, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 15, 399-410.
Victor Meally, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, no date.
Paul Pollack, Not Always Buried Deep: A Second Course in Elementary Number Theory, AMS, 2009, p. 272.
Paul Pollack and Carl Pomerance, Some problems of Erdős on the sum-of-divisors function, For Richard Guy on his 99th birthday: May his sequence be unbounded, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B, Vol. 3 (2016), pp. 1-26; Errata.
Carl Pomerance and Hee-Sung Yang, On untouchable numbers and related problems, 2012.
Carl Pomerance and Hee-Sung Yang, Variant of a theorem of Erdős on the sum-of-proper-divisors function, Math. Comp., Vol. 83, No. 288 (2014), pp. 1903-1913; alternative link.
Giovanni Resta, Untouchable numbers (the 150232 terms up to 10^6).
H. J. J. te Riele, A theoretical and computational study of generalized aliquot sequences, Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, 1976. See chapter 9.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Untouchable Number.
Wikipedia, Untouchable number.
Robert G. Wilson v, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Jul. 1992.

Cf. A001065, A048138, A057709, A064000, A078923, A152454, A231964, A283152, A284147.

untouchableQ[n_] := Catch[ Do[ If[n == DivisorSigma[1, k]-k, Throw[True]], {k, 0, (n-1)^2}]] === Null; Reap[ Table[ If[ untouchableQ[n], Print[n]; Sow[n]], {n, 2, 700}]][[2, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 29 2012, after Benoit Cloitre *)

isA078923(n)=if(n==0 || n==1, return(1)); for(m=1,(n-1)^2, if( sigma(m)-m == n, return(1))); 0
isA005114(n)=!isA078923(n)
for(n=1,700, if (isA005114(n), print(n))) \\ R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2006

is(n)=if(n%2 && n<4e18, return(n==5)); forfactored(m=1,(n-1)^2, if(sigma(m)-m[1]==n, return(0))); 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 05 2022

from sympy import divisor_sigma as sigma
from functools import cache
@cache
def f(m): return sigma(m)-m
def okA005114(n):
    if n < 2: return 0
    return not any(f(m) == n for m in range(1, (n-1)**2+1))
print([k for k in range(289) if okA005114(k)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Nov 16 2024

# faster for intial segment of sequence
from itertools import count, islice
from sympy import divisor_sigma as sigma
def agen(): # generator of terms
    n, touchable, t = 2, {0, 1}, 1
    for m in count(2):
        touchable.add(sigma(m)-m)
        while m > t:
            if n not in touchable:
                yield n
            else:
                touchable.discard(n)
            n += 1
            t = (n-1)**2
print(list(islice(agen(), 20))) # Michael S. Branicky, Nov 16 2024

More terms from David W. Wilson

A063948 Unitary untouchable numbers: us(x) = n has no solution where us(x) (A063919) is the sum of the proper unitary divisors of x.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 374, 702, 758, 998, 1542, 1598, 1778, 1808, 1830, 1974, 2378, 2430, 2910, 3164, 3182, 3188, 3216, 3506, 3540, 3666, 3698, 3818, 3846, 3986, 4196, 4230, 4574, 4718, 4782, 5126, 5324, 5610, 5738, 5918, 5952, 6002, 6174, 6270, 6404, 6450, 6510

Offset: 1

Felice Russo, Sep 04 2001

Pomerance & Yang show that this sequence has positive lower density (in fact, greater than 10^-7) and upper density at most 0.40632. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 28 2013

Donovan Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
C. Pomerance and H.-S. Yang, On untouchable numbers and related problems, 2012
C. Pomerance and H.-S. Yang, Variant of a theorem of Erdős on the sum-of-proper-divisors function, Mathematics of Computation, to appear c. 2014

Cf. A034448, A063919, A064000.

us[x_] := us[x] = Total[ Select[ Divisors[x], GCD[#, x/#] == 1 &]] - x; us[1] = 1; usQ[n_] := With[{xm = Ceiling[n^2/4]}, Catch[ Do[ If[us[x] == n, Throw[True]]; If[x == xm, Throw[False]], {x, 1, xm}]]]; A063948 = Reap[ Do[ If[ !usQ[n], Print[n]; Sow[n]], {n, 1, 6600}]][[2, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 22 2012 *)

If us(x) = n > 1, then n^2 - 4x >= 0. - Dean Hickerson, Sep 04 2001.

More terms from David W. Wilson, Sep 05 2001

A063977 Numbers which are sums of unitary divisors, the usigma values: their inverse usigma set is not empty; usigma() = A034448().

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 54, 56, 60, 62, 65, 68, 70, 72, 74, 78, 80, 82, 84, 90, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 136, 138, 140, 144, 150, 152, 158

Offset: 1

Labos Elemer, Sep 05 2001

nonn

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A034448, A064000 (complement).

usigma[n_] := Times @@ (1 + Power @@@ FactorInteger[n]); usigma[1] = 1; seq[max_] := TakeWhile[Union[Array[usigma, max]], # <= max &]; seq[160] (* Amiram Eldar, Jul 22 2024 *)

usigma(n) = {my(f = factor(n)); prod(i = 1, #f~, 1 + f[i, 1]^f[i, 2]);}
lista(nmax) = Set(select(x -> x <= nmax, vector(nmax, i, usigma(i)))); \\ Amiram Eldar, Jul 22 2024

A291109 Numbers that are not the sum of the squarefree divisors of some natural number.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111

Offset: 1

Ilya Gutkovskiy, Aug 17 2017

nonn

Impossible values for A048250 (numbers k in increasing order such that A048250(m) = k has no solution).
Numbers that are not of the form Product (p_i + 1), p is a prime, so all odd numbers (except 1 and 3) are in this sequence.
Also numbers that are not the sum of the divisors of some squarefree number.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Index entries for sequences related to sums of divisors

Cf. A005114, A005117, A007369, A048250, A048995, A062822, A063948, A064000, A203444, A206778, A274793.

sort(convert({$1..1000} minus map(numtheory:-sigma, select(numtheory:-issqrfree, {$1..1000})),list)); # Robert Israel, Jun 26 2018

TakeWhile[Complement[Range@ #, Union@ Table[Total@ Select[Divisors@ n, SquareFreeQ], {n, 2 #}]], Function[k, k <= #]] &@ 111

cp's OEIS Frontend

A063976 Duplicate of A064000.

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A034448 usigma(n) = sum of unitary divisors of n (divisors d such that gcd(d, n/d)=1); also called UnitarySigma(n).

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A005114 Untouchable numbers, also called nonaliquot numbers: impossible values for the sum of aliquot parts function (A001065).

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A063948 Unitary untouchable numbers: us(x) = n has no solution where us(x) (A063919) is the sum of the proper unitary divisors of x.

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A063977 Numbers which are sums of unitary divisors, the usigma values: their inverse usigma set is not empty; usigma() = A034448().

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A291109 Numbers that are not the sum of the squarefree divisors of some natural number.

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A332739 Numbers k such that usigma(x) = k has a unique solution, where usigma(k) is the sum of unitary divisors of k (A034448).

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