A064329 -id:A064329 - cp's OEIS frontend

A036987 Fredholm-Rueppel sequence.

1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Binary representation of the Kempner-Mahler number Sum_{k>=0} 1/2^(2^k) = A007404.
Also a(n) = A(n) mod 2 where A is any of A001700, A005573, A007854, A026641, A049027, A064063, A064088, A064090, A064092, A064325, A064327, A064329, A064331, A064613, A076026, A105523, A123273, A126694, A126930, A126931, A126982, A126983, A126987, A127016, A127053, A127358, A127360, A127361, A127363. - Philippe Deléham, May 26 2007
a(n) = (product of digits of n; n in binary notation) mod 2. This sequence is a transformation of the Thue-Morse sequence (A010060), since there exists a function f such that f(sum of digits of n) = (product of digits of n). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Feb 12 2008
a(n-1), n >= 1, the characteristic sequence for powers of 2, A000079, is the unique solution of the following formal product and formal power series identity: Product_{j>=1} (1 + a(j-1)*x^j) = 1 + Sum_{k>=1} x^k = 1/(1-x). The product is therefore Product_{l>=1} (1 + x^(2^l)). Proof. Compare coefficients of x^n and use the binary representation of n. Uniqueness follows from the recurrence relation given for the general case under A147542. - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 05 2009
a(n) is also the number of orbits of length n for the map x -> 1-cx^2 on [-1,1] at the Feigenbaum critical value c=1.401155... . - Thomas Ward, Apr 08 2009
A054525 (Mobius transform) * A001511 = A036987 = A047999^(-1) * A001511 = the inverse of Sierpiński's gasket * the ruler sequence. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 26 2009 [Of course this is only vaguely correct depending on how the fuzzy indexing in these formulas is made concrete. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 20 2014]
Characteristic function of A000225. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 06 2012
Also parity of the Catalan numbers A000108. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 17 2012
For n >= 2, also the largest exponent k >= 0 such that n^k in binary notation does not contain both 0 and 1. Unlike for the decimal version of this sequence, A062518, where the terms are only conjectural, for this sequence the values of a(n) can be proved to be the characteristic function of A000225, as follows: n^k will contain both 0 and 1 unless n^k = 2^r-1 for some r. But this is a special case of Catalan's equation x^p = y^q-1, which was proved by Preda Mihăilescu to have no nontrivial solution except 2^3 = 3^2 - 1. - Christopher J. Smyth, Aug 22 2014
Image, under the coding a,b -> 1; c -> 0, of the fixed point, starting with a, of the morphism a -> ab, b -> cb, c -> cc. - Jeffrey Shallit, May 14 2016
Number of nonisomorphic Boolean algebras of order n+1. - Jianing Song, Jan 23 2020

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^3 + x^7 + x^15 + x^31 + x^63 + x^127 + x^255 + x^511 + ...
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 2^3 - 1, while a(10) = 0 since 10 is not of the form 2^k - 1 for any integer k.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..65537
D. Bailey et al., On the binary expansions of algebraic numbers, Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux 16 (2004), 487-518.
Paul Barry, Some observations on the Rueppel sequence and associated Hankel determinants, arXiv:2005.04066 [math.CO], 2020.
Paul Barry, Conjectures and results on some generalized Rueppel sequences, arXiv:2107.00442 [math.CO], 2021.
Daniele A. Gewurz and Francesca Merola, Sequences realized as Parker vectors of oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 6, 2003.
Mats Granvik, Mathematica program for computing Fredholm Rueppel sequences
D. Kohel, S. Ling and C. Xing, Explicit Sequence Expansions, in Sequences and their Applications, C. Ding, T. Helleseth, and H. Niederreiter, eds., Proceedings of SETA'98 (Singapore, 1998), 308-317, 1999.
Preda Mihăilescu, Primary Cyclotomic Units and a Proof of Catalan's Conjecture, J. Reine angew. Math. 572 (2004): 167-195. doi:10.1515/crll.2004.048. MR 2076124.
H. Niederreiter and M. Vielhaber, Tree Complexity and a Doubly Exponential Gap between Structured and Random Sequences, J. Complexity, 12 (1996), 187-198.
Apisit Pakapongpun and Thomas Ward, Functorial orbit counting, Journal of Integer Sequences, 12 (2009) Article 09.2.4. [From _Thomas Ward_, Apr 08 2009]
Eric Rowland and Reem Yassawi, Profinite automata, arXiv:1403.7659 [math.DS], 2014. See p. 8.
E. Sheppard, net.math post (1985)
Stephen Wolfram, [Page 1092] A New Kind of Science | Online.
Index entries for characteristic functions

Cf. A007404, A043545, A062518, A078885, A078585, A078886, A078887, A078888, A078889, A078890.
The first row of A073346. Occurs for first time in A073202 as row 6 (and again as row 8).
Congruent to any of the sequences A000108, A007460, A007461, A007463, A007464, A061922, A068068 reduced modulo 2. Characteristic function of A000225.
If interpreted with offset=1 instead of 0 (i.e., a(1)=1, a(2)=1, a(3)=0, a(4)=1, ...) then this is the characteristic function of 2^n (A000079) and as such occurs as the first row of A073265. Also, in that case the INVERT transform will produce A023359.
This is Guy Steele's sequence GS(1, 3), also GS(3, 1) (see A135416).
Cf. A054525, A047999. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 26 2009
Cf. A043529, A127802.

a036987 n = ibp (n+1) where
   ibp 1 = 1
   ibp n = if r > 0 then 0 else ibp n' where (n',r) = divMod n 2
a036987_list = 1 : f [0,1] where f (x:y:xs) = y : f (x:xs ++ [x,x+y])
-- Same list generator function as for a091090_list, cf. A091090.
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 19 2015, Apr 13 2013, Mar 13 2013

A036987:= n-> `if`(2^ilog2(n+1) = n+1, 1, 0):
seq(A036987(n), n=0..128);

RealDigits[ N[ Sum[1/10^(2^n), {n, 0, Infinity}], 110]][[1]]
(* Recurrence: *)
t[n_, 1] = 1; t[1, k_] = 1;
t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] =
  If[n < k, If[n > 1 && k > 1, -Sum[t[k - i, n], {i, 1, n - 1}], 0],
   If[n > 1 && k > 1, Sum[t[n - i, k], {i, 1, k - 1}], 0]];
Table[t[n, k], {k, n, n}, {n, 104}]
(* Mats Granvik, Jun 03 2011 *)
mb2d[n_]:=1 - Module[{n2 = IntegerDigits[n, 2]}, Max[n2] - Min[n2]]; Array[mb2d, 120, 0] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 19 2019 *)
Table[PadRight[{1},2^k,0],{k,0,7}]//Flatten (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 23 2022 *)

{a(n) =( n++) == 2^valuation(n, 2)}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 25 2003 */

a(n) = !bitand(n, n+1); \\ Ruud H.G. van Tol, Apr 05 2023

from sympy import catalan
def a(n): return catalan(n)%2 # Indranil Ghosh, May 25 2017

def A036987(n): return int(not(n&(n+1))) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 06 2022

1 followed by a string of 2^k - 1 0's. Also a(n)=1 iff n = 2^m - 1.
a(n) = a(floor(n/2)) * (n mod 2) for n>0 with a(0)=1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 02 2002 [Corrected by Mikhail Kurkov, Jul 16 2019]
Sum_{n>=0} 1/10^(2^n) = 0.110100010000000100000000000000010...
1 if n=0, floor(log_2(n+1)) - floor(log_2(n)) otherwise. G.f.: (1/x) * Sum_{k>=0} x^(2^k) = Sum_{k>=0} x^(2^k-1). - Ralf Stephan, Apr 28 2003
a(n) = 1 - A043545(n). - Michael Somos, Aug 25 2003
a(n) = -Sum_{d|n+1} mu(2*d). - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 24 2003
Dirichlet g.f. for right-shifted sequence: 2^(-s)/(1-2^(-s)).
a(n) = A000108(n) mod 2 = A001405(n) mod 2. - Paul Barry, Nov 22 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^(n-k)*binomial(n,k)*Sum_{j=0..k} binomial(k, 2^j-1). - Paul Barry, Jun 01 2006
A000523(n+1) = Sum_{k=1..n} a(k). - Mitch Harris, Jul 22 2011
a(n) = A209229(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 07 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A191898(n,k)*cos(Pi*(n-1)*(k-1))/n; (conjecture). - Mats Granvik, Mar 04 2013
a(n) = A000035(A000108(n)). - Omar E. Pol, Aug 06 2013
a(n) = 1 iff n=2^k-1 for some k, 0 otherwise. - M. F. Hasler, Jun 20 2014
a(n) = ceiling(log_2(n+2)) - ceiling(log_2(n+1)). - Gionata Neri, Sep 06 2015
From John M. Campbell, Jul 21 2016: (Start)
a(n) = (A000168(n-1) mod 2).
a(n) = (A000531(n+1) mod 2).
a(n) = (A000699(n+1) mod 2).
a(n) = (A000891(n) mod 2).
a(n) = (A000913(n-1) mod 2), for n>1.
a(n) = (A000917(n-1) mod 2), for n>0.
a(n) = (A001142(n) mod 2).
a(n) = (A001246(n) mod 2).
a(n) = (A001246(n) mod 4).
a(n) = (A002057(n-2) mod 2), for n>1.
a(n) = (A002430(n+1) mod 2). (End)
a(n) = 2 - A043529(n). - Antti Karttunen, Nov 19 2017
a(n) = floor(1+log(n+1)/log(2)) - floor(log(2n+1)/log(2)). - Adriano Caroli, Sep 22 2019
This is also the decimal expansion of -Sum_{k>=1} mu(2*k)/(10^k - 1), where mu is the Möbius function (A008683). - Amiram Eldar, Jul 12 2020

Edited by M. F. Hasler, Jun 20 2014

A106566 Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows, given by [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ... ] DELTA [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... ] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 5, 5, 3, 1, 0, 14, 14, 9, 4, 1, 0, 42, 42, 28, 14, 5, 1, 0, 132, 132, 90, 48, 20, 6, 1, 0, 429, 429, 297, 165, 75, 27, 7, 1, 0, 1430, 1430, 1001, 572, 275, 110, 35, 8, 1, 0, 4862, 4862, 3432, 2002, 1001, 429, 154, 44, 9, 1

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, May 30 2005

Catalan convolution triangle; g.f. for column k: (x*c(x))^k with c(x) g.f. for A000108 (Catalan numbers).
Riordan array (1, xc(x)), where c(x) the g.f. of A000108; inverse of Riordan array (1, x*(1-x)) (see A109466).
Diagonal sums give A132364. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 11 2007

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0,   1;
  0,   1,   1;
  0,   2,   2,  1;
  0,   5,   5,  3,  1;
  0,  14,  14,  9,  4,  1;
  0,  42,  42, 28, 14,  5, 1;
  0, 132, 132, 90, 48, 20, 6, 1;
From _Paul Barry_, Sep 28 2009: (Start)
Production array is
  0, 1,
  0, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 (End)

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..140, flattened
Paul Barry, A Catalan Transform and Related Transformations on Integer Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.5.
Paul Barry, A Note on Riordan Arrays with Catalan Halves, arXiv:1912.01124 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, Chebyshev moments and Riordan involutions, arXiv:1912.11845 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, On a Central Transform of Integer Sequences, arXiv:2004.04577 [math.CO], 2020.
F. R. Bernhart, Catalan, Motzkin and Riordan numbers, Discr. Math., 204 (1999), 73-112.
D. Callan, A recursive bijective approach to counting permutations containing 3-letter patterns, arXiv:math/0211380 [math.CO], 2002.
E. Deutsch, Dyck path enumeration, Discrete Math., 204, 1999, 167-202.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The number of touch points of a Dyck path, The number of initial rises of a Dyck paths, The number of nodes on the left branch of the tree, The number of subtrees.
R. K. Guy, Catwalks, sandsteps and Pascal pyramids, J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 3 (2000), Article #00.1.6.
A. Robertson, D. Saracino and D. Zeilberger, Refined restricted permutations, arXiv:math/0203033 [math.CO], 2002.
L. W. Shapiro, S. Getu, W.-J. Woan and L. C. Woodson, The Riordan group, Discrete Applied Math., 34 (1991), 229-239.

Column k for k = 0, 1, 2, ..., 13: A000007, A000108, A000108, A000245, A002057, A000344, A003517, A000588, A003517, A001392, A003518, A000589, A003519, A000590
The three triangles A059365, A106566 and A099039 are the same except for signs and the leading term.
Diagonals: A000012, A001477, A000096, A005586, A005587, A005557, A064059, A064061
See also A009766, A033184, A059365 for other versions.
Generalized Catalan numbers C(x, n) for -11 <= x <= 10: A064333, A064332, A064331, A064330, A064329, A064328, A064327, A064326, A064325, A064311, A064310, A000012, A000108, A064062, A064063, A064087, A064088, A064089, A064090, A064091, A064092, A064093.
The following are all versions of (essentially) the same Catalan triangle: A009766, A030237, A033184, A059365, A099039, A106566, A130020, A047072.
Diagonals give A000108 A000245 A002057 A000344 A003517 A000588 A003518 A003519 A001392, ...

A106566:= func< n,k | n eq 0 select 1 else (k/n)*Binomial(2*n-k-1, n-k) >;
[A106566(n,k): k in [0..n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Sep 06 2021

A106566 := proc(n,k)
    if n = 0 then
        1;
    elif k < 0 or k > n then
        0;
    else
        binomial(2*n-k-1,n-k)*k/n ;
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Mar 01 2015

T[n_, k_] := Binomial[2n-k-1, n-k]*k/n; T[0, 0] = 1; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 18 2017 *)
(* The function RiordanArray is defined in A256893. *)
RiordanArray[1&, #(1-Sqrt[1-4#])/(2#)&, 11] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 16 2019 *)

{T(n, k) = if( k<=0 || k>n, n==0 && k==0, binomial(2*n - k, n) * k/(2*n - k))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 01 2022 */

def A106566(n, k): return 1 if (n==0) else (k/n)*binomial(2*n-k-1, n-k)
flatten([[A106566(n,k) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)]) # G. C. Greubel, Sep 06 2021

T(n, k) = binomial(2n-k-1, n-k)*k/n for 0 <= k <= n with n > 0; T(0, 0) = 1; T(0, k) = 0 if k > 0.
T(0, 0) = 1; T(n, 0) = 0 if n > 0; T(0, k) = 0 if k > 0; for k > 0 and n > 0: T(n, k) = Sum_{j>=0} T(n-1, k-1+j).
Sum_{j>=0} T(n+j, 2j) = binomial(2n-1, n), n > 0.
Sum_{j>=0} T(n+j, 2j+1) = binomial(2n-2, n-1), n > 0.
Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^(n+k)*T(n, k) = A064310(n). T(n, k) = (-1)^(n+k)*A099039(n, k).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*x^k = A000007(n), A000108(n), A000984(n), A007854(n), A076035(n), A076036(n), A127628(n), A126694(n), A115970(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 respectively.
Sum_{k>=0} T(n, k)*x^(n-k) = C(x, n); C(x, n) are the generalized Catalan numbers.
Sum_{j=0..n-k} T(n+k,2*k+j) = A039599(n,k).
Sum_{j>=0} T(n,j)*binomial(j,k) = A039599(n,k).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000108(k) = A127632(n).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*(x+1)^k*x^(n-k) = A000012(n), A000984(n), A089022(n), A035610(n), A130976(n), A130977(n), A130978(n), A130979(n), A130980(n), A131521(n) for x= 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 25 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000108(k-1) = A121988(n), with A000108(-1)=0. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 27 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*(-x)^k = A000007(n), A126983(n), A126984(n), A126982(n), A126986(n), A126987(n), A127017(n), A127016(n), A126985(n), A127053(n) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 27 2007
T(n,k)*2^(n-k) = A110510(n,k); T(n,k)*3^(n-k) = A110518(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 11 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000045(k) = A109262(n), A000045: Fibonacci numbers. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 28 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000129(k) = A143464(n), A000129: Pell numbers. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 28 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A100335(k) = A002450(n). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 30 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A100334(k) = A001906(n). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 30 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A099322(k) = A015565(n). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 30 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A106233(k) = A003462(n). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 30 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A151821(k+1) = A100320(n). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 30 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A082505(k+1) = A144706(n). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 30 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000045(2k+2) = A026671(n). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 11 2009
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A122367(k) = A026726(n). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 11 2009
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A008619(k) = A000958(n+1). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 15 2009
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A027941(k+1) = A026674(n+1). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 01 2014
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0, k>=0} T(n, k)*x^k*z^n = 1/(1 - x*z*c(z)) where c(z) the g.f. of A000108. - Michael Somos, Oct 01 2022

Formula corrected by Philippe Deléham, Oct 31 2008
Corrected by Philippe Deléham, Sep 17 2009
Corrected by Alois P. Heinz, Aug 02 2012

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A036987 Fredholm-Rueppel sequence.

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A106566 Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows, given by [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ... ] DELTA [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... ] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

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A157491 A050165*A130595 as infinite lower triangular matrices.

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