A085971 -id:A085971 - cp's OEIS frontend

A328594 Numbers whose binary expansion is aperiodic.

0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Oct 22 2019

nonn

A finite sequence is aperiodic if all of its cyclic rotations are distinct. See A000740 or A027375 for details.

Also numbers k such that the k-th composition in standard order is aperiodic. The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions. - Gus Wiseman, Apr 28 2020

			The sequence of terms together with their binary expansions and binary indices begins:
   0:     0 ~ {}
   1:     1 ~ {1}
   2:    10 ~ {2}
   4:   100 ~ {3}
   5:   101 ~ {1,3}
   6:   110 ~ {2,3}
   8:  1000 ~ {4}
   9:  1001 ~ {1,4}
  11:  1011 ~ {1,2,4}
  12:  1100 ~ {3,4}
  13:  1101 ~ {1,3,4}
  14:  1110 ~ {2,3,4}
  16: 10000 ~ {5}
  17: 10001 ~ {1,5}
  18: 10010 ~ {2,5}
  19: 10011 ~ {1,2,5}
  20: 10100 ~ {3,5}
  21: 10101 ~ {1,3,5}
  22: 10110 ~ {2,3,5}
  23: 10111 ~ {1,2,3,5}
  24: 11000 ~ {4,5}

The complement is A121016.
The version for prime indices is A085971.
Numbers without proper integer roots are A007916.
Necklaces are A328595.
Lyndon words are A328596.
Aperiodic compositions are A000740.
Aperiodic binary sequences are A027375.
Cf. A000120, A000939, A014081, A065609, A069010, A275692, A323867, A334030.

aperQ[q_]:=Array[RotateRight[q,#]&,Length[q],1,UnsameQ];
Select[Range[0,100],aperQ[IntegerDigits[#,2]]&]

A160389 Decimal expansion of 2*cos(Pi/7).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 0, 1, 9, 3, 7, 7, 3, 5, 8, 0, 4, 8, 3, 8, 2, 5, 2, 4, 7, 2, 2, 0, 4, 6, 3, 9, 0, 1, 4, 8, 9, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 1, 8, 3, 8, 3, 2, 4, 2, 6, 3, 7, 1, 4, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 7, 1, 2, 4, 8, 4, 6, 3, 9, 8, 8, 6, 4, 8, 4, 0, 8, 5, 5, 8, 7, 9, 9, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 7, 2, 2, 9, 0, 9, 4, 3, 7, 0, 2, 4, 8, 3, 0, 6, 3, 6, 6, 2

Offset: 1

Harry J. Smith, May 31 2009

Arises in the approximation of 14-fold quasipatterns by 14 Fourier modes.
Let DTS(n^c) denote the set of languages accepted by a deterministic Turing machine with space n^(o(1)) and time n^(c+o(1)), and let SAT denote the Boolean satisfiability problem. Then (1) SAT is not in DTS(n^c) for any c < 2*cos(Pi/7), and (2) the Williams inference rules cannot prove that SAT is not in DTS(n^c) for any c >= 2*cos(Pi/7). These results also apply to the Boolean satisfiability problem mod m where m is in A085971 except possibly for one prime. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 19 2012
rho(7):= 2*cos(Pi/7) is the length ratio (smallest diagonal)/side in the regular 7-gon (heptagon). The algebraic number field Q(rho(7)) of degree 3 is fundamental for the 7-gon. See A187360 for the minimal polynomial C(7, x) of rho(7). The other (larger) diagonal/side ratio in the heptagon is sigma(7) = -1 + rho(7)^2, approx. 2.2469796. (see the decimal expansion in A231187). sigma(7) is the limit of a(n+1)/a(n) for n->infinity for the sequences like A006054 and A077998 which can be considered as analogs of the Fibonacci sequence in the pentagon. Thus sigma(7) plays in the heptagon the role of the golden section in the pentagon. See the P. Steinbach reference. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 21 2013
An algebraic integer of degree 3 with minimal polynomial x^3 - x^2 - 2x + 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 12 2014
The other two solutions of the minimal polynomial of rho(7) = 2*cos(Pi/7) are 2*cos(3*Pi/7) and 2*cos(5*Pi/7). See eq. (20) of the W. Lang link. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 11 2015
The constant is the square root of 3.24697... (cf. A116425). It is the fifth-longest diagonal in the regular 14-gon with unit radius, which equals 2*sin(5*Pi/14). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 14 2022

			1.801937735804838252472204639014890102331838324263714300107124846398864...

John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 207.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000
Simon Baker, Exceptional digit frequencies and expansions in non-integer bases, arXiv:1711.10397 [math.DS], 2017. See Theorem 1.1 p. 3.
Sam Buss and Ryan Williams, Limits on alternation-trading proofs for time-space lower bounds, Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity 2011
Wolfdieter Lang, The field Q(2cos(pi/n)), its Galois group and length ratios in the regular n-gon, arXiv:1210.1018 [math.GR], Oct 03 2012.
Peter Steinbach, Golden Fields: A Case for the Heptagon, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 70, No. 1, Feb. 1997.
Ryan Williams, Time-space tradeoffs for counting NP solutions modulo integers, Computational Complexity 17 (2008), pp. 179-219.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3

Cf. A039921 (continued fraction).
Cf. A047336, A047341, A116425, A255240, A255249.
Cf. A003558 (the constant is cyclic with period 3, for N = 7).

R:= RealField(200); Reverse(Intseq(Floor(10^110*2*Cos(Pi(R)/7)))); // Marius A. Burtea, Nov 13 2019

evalf(2*cos(Pi/7), 100); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Feb 01 2017

RealDigits[2 Cos[Pi/7], 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 11 2013 *)

default(realprecision, 20080); x=2*cos(Pi/7); for (n=1, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b160389.txt", n, " ", d));

Equals 2*A073052. - Michel Marcus, Nov 21 2013
Equals (Re((-(4*7)*(1 + 3*sqrt(3)*i))^(1/3)) + 1)/3, with the real part Re, and i = sqrt(-1). - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 24 2015
Equals i^(2/7) - i^(12/7). - Peter Luschny, Apr 04 2020
From Peter Bala, Oct 20 2021: (Start)
Equals 2 - (1 - z)*(1 - z^6)/((1 - z^3)*(1 - z^4)), where z = exp(2*Pi*i/7).
The other two zeros of the minimal polynomial x^3 - x^2 - 2*x + 1 of 2*cos(Pi/7) are given by 2 - (1 - z^3)*(1 - z^4)/((1 - z^2)*(1 - z^5)) = 2*cos(3*Pi/7) = A255241 and 2 - (1 - z^2)*(1 - z^5)/((1 - z)*(1 - z^6)) = cos(5*Pi/7) = -A362922.
Equals Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+2)*(7*n+5)/((7*n+1)*(7*n+6)) = 1 + Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+2)*(7*n+5)/((7*n+3)*(7*n+4)) = 1/A255240.
The linear fractional mapping r -> 1/(1 - r) cyclically permutes the three zeros of the minimal polynomial x^3 - x^2 - 2*x + 1. The inverse mapping is r -> (r - 1)/r.
The quadratic mapping r -> 2 - r^2 also cyclically permutes the three zeros. The inverse mapping is r -> r^2 - r - 1. (End)
Equals i^(2/7) + i^(-2/7). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 11 2022
From Amiram Eldar, Nov 22 2024: (Start)
Equals Product_{k>=1} (1 - (-1)^k/A047336(k)).
Equals 1 + cosec(3*Pi/14)/2 = 1 + Product_{k>=1} (1 + (-1)^k/A047341(k)). (End)
Equals sqrt(A116425). - Hugo Pfoertner, Nov 22 2024

A295281 Number of complete strict tree-factorizations of n > 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 4, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1

Offset: 2

Gus Wiseman, Nov 19 2017

nonn

A strict tree-factorization (see A295279 for definition) is complete if its leaves are all prime numbers.
From Andrew Howroyd, Nov 18 2018: (Start)
a(n) depends only on the prime signature of n.
This sequence is very similar but not identical to the number of complete orderless identity tree-factorizations of n. The first difference is at n=900 (square of three primes). Here a(n) = 191 whereas the other sequence would have 197. (End)

			The a(72) = 6 complete strict tree-factorizations are: 2*3*(2*(2*3)), 2*(2*3*(2*3)), 2*(2*(3*(2*3))), 2*(3*(2*(2*3))), 3*(2*(2*(2*3))), (2*3)*(2*(2*3)).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..10000

Cf. A000311, A025475, A085971, A273873, A281113 A281118, A281119, A292505, A295279.

postfacs[n_]:=If[n<=1,{{}},Join@@Table[Map[Prepend[#,d]&,Select[postfacs[n/d],Min@@#>=d&]],{d,Rest[Divisors[n]]}]];
sftc[n_]:=Prepend[Join@@Function[fac,Tuples[sftc/@fac]]/@Select[postfacs[n],And[Length[#]>1,UnsameQ@@#]&],n];
Table[Length[Select[sftc[n],FreeQ[#,_Integer?(!PrimeQ[#]&)]&]],{n,2,100}]

seq(n)={my(v=vector(n), w=vector(n)); v[1]=1; for(k=2, n, w[k]=v[k]+isprime(k); forstep(j=n\k*k, k, -k, v[j]+=w[k]*v[j/k])); w[2..n]} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 18 2018

a(product of n distinct primes) = A000311(n).

Positions of zeros are proper prime powers A025475. Positions of nonzero entries are A085971.

A085818 For n > 1: a(n) = p if n = p^e with p prime and e > 1, otherwise a(n) = (n-m)-th prime, where m = number of nonprime prime powers <= n; a(1)=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 7, 11, 2, 3, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 2, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 5, 71, 3, 73, 79, 83, 89, 2, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 7, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 04 2003

nonn

a(n) = A025473(n) if n = p^e with p prime and e > 1, otherwise a(n) = A008578(n-A085501(n));
n divides A085819(n) = Product_{k<=n} a(k), as by construction: a(1)=1; if n divides A085819(n-1) then a(n) = smallest prime not occurring earlier; if n does not divide A085819(n-1) then a(n) = greatest prime factor of n (A006530);
A000040 occurs infinitely many times as a subsequence.
a(A085971(n))=A000040(n) and for all k > 1: a(A000040(n)^k)=A000040(n); A085985(n)=A049084(a(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 06 2003

Michel Marcus, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A000040, A008578, A085971.

Cf. A006530, A025473, A085501, A085819, A085985, A049084.

f(n) = 1 + sum(k=2, n, isprimepower(k) && !isprime(k));  \\ A085501
a(n) = {if (n==1, return (1)); my(p); if (isprimepower(n, &p) && !isprime(n), p, prime(n-f(n)));} \\ Michel Marcus, Jan 28 2021

from sympy import primefactors, prime, primepi, integer_nthroot
def A085818(n): return 1 if n==1 else (f[0] if len(f:=primefactors(n))==1 and f[0]Chai Wah Wu, Aug 20 2024

A085972 Number of numbers <= n that are primes or not prime powers.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 06 2003

nonn

a(n) = Max{k: A085971(k)<=n};

a(n) = n-A085501(n) = A000720(n)+n-A065515(n) = A085970(n)+A000720(n).

Accumulate[Table[If[PrimeQ[n]||(!PrimePowerQ[n]),1,0],{n,80}]]-1 (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 13 2022 *)

from sympy import primepi, integer_nthroot
def A085972(n): return n-1-sum(primepi(integer_nthroot(n,k)[0]) for k in range(2,n.bit_length())) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 20 2024

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A328594 Numbers whose binary expansion is aperiodic.

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A160389 Decimal expansion of 2*cos(Pi/7).

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A295281 Number of complete strict tree-factorizations of n > 1.

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A085818 For n > 1: a(n) = p if n = p^e with p prime and e > 1, otherwise a(n) = (n-m)-th prime, where m = number of nonprime prime powers <= n; a(1)=1.

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A085972 Number of numbers <= n that are primes or not prime powers.

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A085985 a(n) = A049084(A085818(n)).

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