A134736 -id:A134736 - cp's OEIS frontend

A134743 First differences of A134736.

1, 3, 1, 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 11, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 23, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 47, 3, 1, 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 101, 3, 1, 1

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 28 2008

nonn

Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc., 29 (No. 1, 2008), p. 50 (Abstract 1035-11-986).

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Eric S. Rowland, A natural prime-generating recurrence, arXiv:0710.3217 [math.NT], 2007-2008.

See A106108 for other cross-references.

Cf. A134734, A134744.

a134743 n = a134743_list !! (n-1)
a134743_list = zipWith (-) (tail a134736_list) a134736_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2013

b[1] = 5; b[n_] := b[n] = b[n-1] + GCD[n, b[n-1]];
Array[b, 104] // Differences (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 01 2018 *)

a(n) = A132199(n), n>2. [R. J. Mathar, Dec 13 2008]

A106108 Rowland's prime-generating sequence: a(1) = 7; for n > 1, a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(n, a(n-1)).

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 141, 144, 145, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 28 2008

nonn

The title refers to the sequence of first differences, A132199.
Setting a(1) = 4 gives A084662.
Rowland proves that the first differences are all 1's or primes. The prime differences form A137613.
See A137613 for additional comments, links and references. - Jonathan Sondow, Aug 14 2008
Not all starting values generate differences of all 1's or primes. The following a(1) generate composite differences: 532, 533, 534, 535, 698, 699, 706, 707, 708, 709, 712, 713, 714, 715, ... - Dmitry Kamenetsky, Jul 18 2015
The same results are obtained if 2's are removed from n when gcd is performed, so the following is also true: a(1) = 7; for n > 1, a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(A000265(n), a(n-1)). - David Morales Marciel, Sep 14 2016

Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc., 29 (No. 1, 2008), p. 50 (Abstract 1035-11-986).

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..25000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)
Fernando Chamizo, Dulcinea Raboso and Serafin Ruiz-Cabello, On Rowland's sequence, Electronic J. Combin., Vol. 18(2), 2011, #P10.
Brian Hayes, Pumping the Primes, bit-player, 19 August 2015.
Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, arXiv:0710.3217 [math.NT], 2007-2008.
Eric S. Rowland, Prime-Generating Recurrence, Wolfram Demonstrations Project. - _Robert G. Wilson v_, Sep 10 2008
Eric S. Rowland, Prime-Generating Recurrences and a Tale of Logarithmic Scale, YouTube video, 2023.

Cf. A084662, A084663, A132199, A134734, A134736, A134743, A134744, A134162, A137613, A221869.

Cf. A230504.

a106108 n = a106108_list !! (n-1)
a106108_list =
   7 : zipWith (+) a106108_list (zipWith gcd a106108_list [2..])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2013

[n le 1 select 7 else Self(n-1) + Gcd(n, Self(n-1)): n in [1..70]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 19 2015

S:=7; f:= proc(n) option remember; global S; if n=1 then RETURN(S); else RETURN(f(n-1)+gcd(n,f(n-1))); fi; end; [seq(f(n),n=1..200)];

a[1] = 7; a[n_] := a[n] = a[n - 1] + GCD[n, a[n - 1]]; Array[a, 66] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 10 2008 *)

a=vector(100);a[1]=7;for(n=2,#a,a[n]=a[n-1]+gcd(n,a[n-1]));a \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 15 2011

from itertools import count, islice
from math import gcd
def A106108_gen(): # generator of terms
    yield (a:=7)
    for n in count(2):
        yield (a:=a+gcd(a,n))
A106108_list = list(islice(A106108_gen(),20)) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 14 2023

A084662 a(1) = 4; a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(a(n-1), n).

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 141, 144, 145, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168

Offset: 1

Matthew Frank (mfrank(AT)wopr.wolfram.com) on behalf of the 2003 New Kind of Science Summer School, Jul 15 2003

nonn

Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc., 29 (No. 1, 2008), p. 50 (Abstract 1035-11-986).

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)
Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, arXiv:0710.3217 [math.NT], 2007-2008.

Cf. A084663, A106108 and other sequences mentioned in A106108.

Cf. A134734 (first differences), A134736, A230504.

a084662 n = a084662_list !! (n-1)
a084662_list =
   4 : zipWith (+) a084662_list (zipWith gcd a084662_list [2..])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2013

[n eq 1 select 4 else Self(n-1)+Gcd(Self(n-1),n): n in [1..66]]; // Bruno Berselli, May 24 2011

S := 4; f := proc(n) option remember; global S; if n=1 then S else f(n-1)+igcd(n,f(n-1)); fi; end;

a[1]= 4; a[n_]:= a[n]= a[n-1] + GCD[n, a[n-1]]; Table[a[n], {n, 70}]
nxt[{n_, a_}]:= {n+1, a + GCD[a, n+1]}; NestList[nxt,{1,4},70][[All,2]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 25 2018 *)

a[1]:4$ a[n]:=a[n-1]+gcd(a[n-1],n)$ makelist(a[n], n, 1, 66); /* Bruno Berselli, May 24 2011 */

@CachedFunction
def a(n): # a = A084662
    if (n==1): return 4
    else: return a(n-1) + gcd(a(n-1), n)
[a(n) for n in range(1,71)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 22 2023

A084663 a(1) = 8; a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(a(n-1), n).

Original entry on oeis.org

8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 39, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 177, 180, 181, 182, 189, 190

Offset: 1

Matthew Frank (mfrank(AT)wopr.wolfram.com) on behalf of the 2003 New Kind of Science Summer School, Jul 15 2003

nonn

The first 150000000 differences are all primes or 1. Is this true in general?

The proof of the conjecture is identical to the proof in the Rowland link. - Yifan Xie, Apr 11 2025

Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc., 29 (No. 1, 2008), p. 50 (Abstract 1035-11-986).

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50000
Eric S. Rowland, A natural prime-generating recurrence, arXiv:0710.3217 [math.NT], 2007-2008.
Eric S. Rowland, A natural prime-generating recurrence, JIS 11 (2008) 08.2.8.

Cf. A084662, A106108.

Cf. A230504, A134744 (first differences), A134736.

a084663 n = a084663_list !! (n-1)
a084663_list =
   8 : zipWith (+) a084663_list (zipWith gcd a084663_list [2..])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2013

S := 8; f := proc(n) option remember; global S; if n=1 then S else f(n-1)+igcd(n,f(n-1)); fi; end;

a[n_]:= a[n]= If[n==1,8, a[n-1] + GCD[n, a[n-1]]]; Table[a[n], {n,70}]
RecurrenceTable[{a[1]==8,a[n]==a[n-1]+GCD[a[n-1],n]},a,{n,70}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 12 2016 *)

@CachedFunction
def a(n): # a = A084663
    if (n==1): return 8
    else: return a(n-1) + gcd(a(n-1), n)
[a(n) for n in range(1, 71)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 22 2023

A134162 Let S(k) be the sequence s() defined by s(1) = k; for i > 1, s(i) = s(i-1) + gcd(s(i-1), i). Start with the list of positive integers and remove any k's for which S(k) merges with an S(m) with m < k. Each value k > 1 is conjectural.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 44, 92, 110, 136, 152, 170, 172, 188, 200, 212, 236, 242, 256, 272, 316, 332, 368, 440, 488, 500, 590, 616, 620, 632, 650, 676, 704, 710, 742, 788, 824, 848, 892, 946, 952, 968, 1010, 1034, 1036, 1052, 1058, 1088, 1118

Offset: 1

Eric Rowland, Jan 29 2008

nonn

For the given initial values k, it is conjectural that their sequences S(k) never merge. The S(k) have been checked to be distinct for 2^60 terms (see Rowland link), but it is possible that they merge later on.

			From _Danny Rorabaugh_, Apr 02 2015: (Start)
S(1) = A000027 is the positive integers.
S(2) = [2,4,5,...,i+2,...].
S(3) = [3,4,5,...,i+2,...] merges with S(2) at index 2.
S(4) = [4,6,9,10,15,18,19,20,21,22,33,...] = A084662.
S(5) = [5,6,9,...] = A134736 merges with S(4) at index 2.
(End)

Eric Rowland, A Natural Prime-Generating Recurrence (Section 5: Primes), Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 11 (2008), Article 08.2.8.

Cf. A000027 (S(1)), A084662 (S(4)), A134736 (S(5)), A106108 (S(7)), A084663 (S(8)).

Cf. A106108 for other Crossrefs.

A137613 Omit the 1's from Rowland's sequence f(n) - f(n-1) = gcd(n,f(n-1)), where f(1) = 7.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 3, 11, 3, 23, 3, 47, 3, 5, 3, 101, 3, 7, 11, 3, 13, 233, 3, 467, 3, 5, 3, 941, 3, 7, 1889, 3, 3779, 3, 7559, 3, 13, 15131, 3, 53, 3, 7, 30323, 3, 60647, 3, 5, 3, 101, 3, 121403, 3, 242807, 3, 5, 3, 19, 7, 5, 3, 47, 3, 37, 5, 3, 17, 3, 199, 53, 3, 29, 3, 486041, 3, 7, 421, 23

Offset: 1

Jonathan Sondow, Jan 29 2008, Jan 30 2008

nonn

Rowland proves that each term is prime. He says it is likely that all odd primes occur.
In the first 5000 terms, there are 965 distinct primes and 397 is the least odd prime that does not appear. - T. D. Noe, Mar 01 2008
In the first 10000 terms, the least odd prime that does not appear is 587, according to Rowland. - Jonathan Sondow, Aug 14 2008
Removing duplicates from this sequence yields A221869. The duplicates are A225487. - Jonathan Sondow, May 03 2013

			f(n) = 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18, 19, 20, ..., so f(n) - f(n-1) = 1, 1, 1, 5, 3, 1, 1, ... and a(n) = 5, 3, ... .
From _Vladimir Shevelev_, Mar 03 2010: (Start)
  a(1) = Lpf(6-1) = 5;
  a(2) = Lpf(6-2+5) = 3;
  a(3) = Lpf(6-3+5+3) = 11;
  a(4) = Lpf(6-4+5+3+11) = 3;
  a(5) = Lpf(6-5+5+3+11+3) = 23. (End)

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000
Jean-Paul Delahaye, Déconcertantes conjectures, Pour la science, 5 (2008), 92-97.
Brian Hayes, Pumping the Primes, bit-player, 19 August 2015.
John Moyer, Source code in C and C++ to print this sequence or sorted and unique values from this sequence. [From John Moyer (jrm(AT)rsok.com), Nov 06 2009]
Ivars Peterson, A New Formula for Generating Primes, The Mathematical Tourist.
Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc. 29 (No. 1, 2008), p. 50 (Abstract 1035-11-986).
Eric S. Rowland, A natural prime-generating recurrence, arXiv:0710.3217 [math.NT], 2007-2008.
Eric S. Rowland, A natural prime-generating recurrence, J. of Integer Sequences 11 (2008), Article 08.2.8.
Eric Rowland, A simple recurrence that produces complex behavior ..., A New Kind of Science blog.
Eric Rowland, Prime-Generating Recurrence, Wolfram Demonstrations Project, 2008.
Eric Rowland, A Bizarre Way to Generate Primes, YouTube video, 2023.
Jeffrey Shallit, Rutgers Graduate Student Finds New Prime-Generating Formula, Recursivity blog.
Vladimir Shevelev, Generalizations of the Rowland theorem, arXiv:0911.3491 [math.NT], 2009-2010.
Wikipedia, Formula for primes.

f(n) = f(n-1) + gcd(n, f(n-1)) = A106108(n) and f(n) - f(n-1) = A132199(n-1).
Cf. also A084662, A084663, A134734, A134736, A134743, A134744, A221869.
Cf. A020639, A168008, A190894, A231900.

a137613 n = a137613_list !! (n-1)
a137613_list =  filter (> 1) a132199_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2013

A137613_list := proc(n)
local a, c, k, L;
L := NULL; a := 7;
for k from 2 to n do
    c := igcd(k,a);
    a := a + c;
    if c > 1 then L:=L,c fi;
od;
L end:
A137613_list(500000); # Peter Luschny, Nov 17 2011

f[1] = 7; f[n_] := f[n] = f[n - 1] + GCD[n, f[n - 1]]; DeleteCases[Differences[Table[f[n], {n, 10^6}]], 1] (* Alonso del Arte, Nov 17 2011 *)

ub=1000; n=3; a=9; while(nDaniel Constantin Mayer, Aug 31 2014

from itertools import count, islice
from math import gcd
def A137613_gen(): # generator of terms
    a = 7
    for n in count(2):
        if (b:=gcd(a,n)) > 1: yield b
        a += b
A137613_list = list(islice(A137613_gen(),20)) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 14 2023

Denote by Lpf(n) the least prime factor of n. Then a(n) = Lpf( 6-n+Sum_{i=1..n-1} a(i) ). - Vladimir Shevelev, Mar 03 2010
a(n) = A168008(2*n+4) (conjectured). - Jon Maiga, May 20 2021
a(n) = A020639(A190894(n)). - Seiichi Manyama, Aug 11 2023

A230504 Smallest prime in r(k) = r(k-1) + gcd(k,r(k-1)) with r(1) = n.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 2, 3, 19, 5, 19, 7, 11, 11, 17, 11, 17, 13, 17, 17, 23, 17, 23, 19, 23, 23, 29, 23, 29, 29, 29, 29, 37, 29, 37, 31, 37, 37, 53, 53, 53, 37, 41, 41, 47, 41, 47, 43, 47, 47, 53, 47, 53, 53, 53, 53, 59, 53, 59, 59, 59, 59, 67, 59, 67, 61, 67, 67, 79, 79, 79

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2013

nonn

a(p) = p, p prime;

a(2*n-1) = A060264(n-1).

			n = 1 -> 1 + GCD(1,2) = 1+1 = 2 = prime(1) = a(1);
n = 2 = prime(1) = a(2);
n = 3 = prime(2) = a(3);
n = 4 -> 4+GCD(4,2) = 4+2 = 6 -> 6+GCD(6,3) = 6+3 = 9 -> 9+GCD(9,4) = 9+1 = 10 -> 10+GCD(10,5) = 10+5 = 15 -> 15+GCD(15,6) = 15+3 = 18 -> 18+GCD(18,7) = 18+1 = 19 = prime(8) = a(4) = A084662(7);
n = 5 = prime(3) = a(5) = A134736(1);
n = 6 -> 6+GCD(6,2) = 6+2 = 8 -> 8+GCD(8,3) = 8+1 = 9 -> 9+GCD(9,4) = 9+1 = 10 -> 10+GCD(10,5) = 10+5 = 15 -> 15+GCD(15,6) = 15+3 = 18 -> 18+GCD(18,7) = 18+1 = 19 = prime(8) = a(6);
n = 7 = prime(4) = a(7) = A106108(1);
n = 8 -> 8+GCD(8,2) = 8+2 = 10 -> 10+GCD(10,3) = 10+1 = 11 = prime(5) = a(8) = A084663(3);
n = 9 -> 9+GCD(9,2) = 9+2 = 11 = prime(5) = a(9);
n = 10 -> 10+GCD(10,2) = 10+2 = 12 -> 12+GCD(12,3) = 12+3 = 15 -> 15+GCD(15,4) = 15+1 = 16 -> 16+GCD(16,5) = 16+1 = 17 = prime(7) = a(10);
n = 11 = prime(5) = a(11);
n = 12 -> 12+GCD(12,2) = 12+2 = 14 -> 14+GCD(14,3) = 14+1 = 15 -> 15+GCD(15,4) = 15+1 = 16 -> 16+GCD(16,5) = 16+1 = 17 = prime(7) = a(10).

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Eric S. Rowland, A simple prime-generating recurrence, arXiv:0710.3217 [math.NT], 2007-2008.

Cf. A084662, A134736, A106108, A084663.

a230504 n = head $ filter ((== 1) . a010051') rs where
                   rs = n : zipWith (+) rs (zipWith gcd rs [2..])

a[n_] := Module[{r}, If[PrimeQ[n], n, r[1]=n; r[k_] := r[k] = r[k-1] + GCD[k, r[k-1]]; For[k=1, True, k++, If[PrimeQ[r[k]], Return[r[k]]]]]];
Array[a, 66] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 03 2018 *)

from math import gcd
from itertools import count, accumulate
from sympy import isprime
def A230504(n): return next(filter(isprime,accumulate(count(2),lambda x,y:x+gcd(x,y),initial=n))) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 15 2023

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A134743 First differences of A134736.

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A106108 Rowland's prime-generating sequence: a(1) = 7; for n > 1, a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(n, a(n-1)).

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A084662 a(1) = 4; a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(a(n-1), n).

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A084663 a(1) = 8; a(n) = a(n-1) + gcd(a(n-1), n).

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A134162 Let S(k) be the sequence s() defined by s(1) = k; for i > 1, s(i) = s(i-1) + gcd(s(i-1), i). Start with the list of positive integers and remove any k's for which S(k) merges with an S(m) with m < k. Each value k > 1 is conjectural.

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A137613 Omit the 1's from Rowland's sequence f(n) - f(n-1) = gcd(n,f(n-1)), where f(1) = 7.

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A230504 Smallest prime in r(k) = r(k-1) + gcd(k,r(k-1)) with r(1) = n.

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