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A set partition is capturing if it has two blocks of the form {...x...y...}, {...z...t...} where x < z < t < y or z < x < y < t. This is a weaker condition than nesting, so for example {{1,3,5},{2,4}} is capturing but not nesting.

Hankel transform is [1,1,1,...] = A000012. - Paul Barry, Jan 19 2009

The inverse Motzkin transform apparently yields 1 followed by A000930, which implies a generating function g(x)=1+z/(1-z-z^3) where z=x*A001006(x). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 07 2009

It appears that the infinite set of interpolated sequences between the Motzkin and the Catalan can be generated with a succession of INVERT transforms, given each sequence has two leading 1's. Also, the N-th sequence in the set starting with (N=1, A001006) can be generated from a production matrix of the form "M" in the formula section, such that the main diagonal is (N leading 1's, 0, 0, 0, ...). M with a diagonal of (1, 0, 0, 0, ...) generates A001006, while M with a main diagonal of all 1's is the production matrix for A000108. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 29 2011

From Gus Wiseman, Jun 22 2019: (Start)

Conjecture: Also the number of non-capturing set partitions of {1..n}. A set partition is capturing if it has two blocks of the form {...x...y...} and {...z...t...} where x < z and y > t or x > z and y < t. This is a weaker condition than nesting, so for example {{1,3,5},{2,4}} is capturing but not nesting. The a(0) = 1 through a(4) = 14 non-capturing set partitions are:

{} {{1}} {{1,2}} {{1,2,3}} {{1,2,3,4}}

{{1},{2}} {{1},{2,3}} {{1},{2,3,4}}

{{1,2},{3}} {{1,2},{3,4}}

{{1,3},{2}} {{1,2,3},{4}}

{{1},{2},{3}} {{1,2,4},{3}}

{{1,3},{2,4}}

{{1,3,4},{2}}

{{1},{2},{3,4}}

{{1},{2,3},{4}}

{{1,2},{3},{4}}

{{1},{2,4},{3}}

{{1,3},{2},{4}}

{{1,4},{2},{3}}

{{1},{2},{3},{4}}

Cf. A000108, A000110, A058681, A326212, A326237, A326243, A326244, A326249, A326255.

(End)

The above conjecture is true: A partition is non-capturing iff its representation in canonical sequential form avoids the patterns 1221 and 2112. In the context of these partition representations, the pattern 2112 is equivalent to the pattern 12112. Partitions whose canonical sequence form avoid 1221 and 12112 are one of the classes that are handled in the Mansour/Shattuck "Pattern Avoiding Partitions,..." paper. It shows that they are counted by this sequence. - Christian Sievers, Oct 29 2024

Two edges (a,b), (c,d) are nesting if a < c and b > d or a > c and b < d.

Also unsortable digraphs with vertices {1..n}, where a digraph is sortable if, when the edges are listed in lexicographic order, their targets are weakly increasing.

Also the number of semicrossing digraphs with vertices {1..n}, where two edges (a,b), (c,d) are semicrossing if a < c and b < d or a > c and b > d. For example, the a(2) = 4 semicrossing digraph edge-sets are:

{11,22}

{11,12,22}

{11,21,22}

{11,12,21,22}

A multiset partition is normal if it covers an initial interval of positive integers. It is sortable if some permutation has an ordered concatenation. For example, the multiset partition {{1,2},{1,1,1},{2,2,2}} is sortable because the permutation ((1,1,1),(1,2),(2,2,2)) has concatenation (1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2), which is weakly increasing.

Also known as labeled Eulerian digraphs allowing loops. - Brendan McKay, May 12 2019

Capturing is a weaker condition than nesting. A set partition is capturing if it has two blocks of the form {...x...y...}, {...z...t...} where x < z < t < y or z < x < y < t, and nesting if it has two blocks of the form {...x,y...}, {...z,t...} where x < z < t < y or z < x < y < t. For example, {{1,3,5},{2,4}} is capturing but not nesting, so is counted under a(5).

A directed edge (a,b) is increasing if a < b. Two edges (a,b), (c,d) are crossing if a < c < b < d or c < a < d < b.

A set partition is crossing if it has two blocks of the form {...x...y...}, {...z...t...} where x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y, and capturing if it has two blocks of the form {...x...y...}, {...z...t...} where x < z < t < y or z < x < y < t. Capturing is a weaker condition than nesting, so for example {{1,3,5},{2,4}} is capturing but not nesting.

A directed edge (a,b) is increasing if a < b. Two edges (a,b), (c,d) are crossing if a < c < b < d or c < a < d < b.

Conjecture: Also the number of non-nesting digraphs with vertices {1..n} whose increasing edges are not crossing, where two edges (a,b), (c,d) are nesting if a < c < d < b or c < a < b < d.

A factorization into factors > 1 is sortable if there is a permutation (c_1,...,c_k) of the factors such that the maximum prime factor (in the standard factorization of an integer into prime numbers) of c_i is at most the minimum prime factor of c_{i+1}. For example, the factorization (6*8*27) is sortable because the permutation (8,6,27) satisfies the condition.