A327079 -id:A327079 - cp's OEIS frontend

A095983 Number of 2-edge-connected labeled graphs on n nodes.

0, 0, 0, 1, 10, 253, 11968, 1047613, 169181040, 51017714393, 29180467201536, 32121680070545657, 68867078000231169536, 290155435185687263172693, 2417761175748567327193407488, 40013922635723692336670167608181, 1318910073755307133701940625759574016

Offset: 0

Yifei Chen (yifei(AT)mit.edu), Jul 17 2004

nonn

From Falk Hüffner, Jun 28 2018: (Start)
Essentially the same sequence arises as the number of connected bridgeless labeled graphs (graphs that are k-edge connected for k >= 2, starting elements of this sequence are 1, 1, 0, 1, 10, 253, 11968, ...).
Labeled version of A007146. (End)
The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a graph that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices. This sequence counts graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2, which, for n > 1, are connected graphs with no bridges. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 20 2019

Jinyuan Wang, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..82
P. Hanlon and R. W. Robinson, Counting bridgeless graphs, J. Combin. Theory, B 33 (1982), 276-305.
Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 10 labeled graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2.
Gus Wiseman, Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(5) = 253 graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2.

Cf. A053549, A198046.
The unlabeled version is A007146.
Row sums of A327069 if the first two columns are removed.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327109.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are A327146.
Graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327200.
2-vertex-connected graphs are A013922.
Graphs without endpoints are A059167.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327071.
Cf. A001187, A002218, A052446, A059166, A100743, A322395, A327079, A327144.

seq[n_] := Module[{v, p, q, c}, v[_] = 0; p = x*D[#, x]& @ Log[ Sum[ 2^Binomial[k, 2]*x^k/k!, {k, 0, n}] + O[x]^(n+1)]; q = x*E^p; p -= q; For[k = 3, k <= n, k++, c = Coefficient[p, x, k]; v[k] = c*(k-1)!; p -= c*q^k]; Join[{0}, Array[v, n]]];
seq[16] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 13 2019, after Andrew Howroyd *)
csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]],{2}],Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],spanEdgeConn[Range[n],#]>=2&]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Sep 20 2019 *)

\\ here p is initially A053549, q is A198046 as e.g.f.s.
seq(n)={my(v=vector(n));
my(p=x*deriv(log(sum(k=0, n, 2^binomial(k, 2) * x^k / k!) + O(x*x^n))));
my(q=x*exp(p)); p-=q;
for(k=3, n, my(c=polcoeff(p,k)); v[k]=c*(k-1)!; p-=c*q^k);
concat([0],v)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jun 18 2018

seq(n)={my(p=x*deriv(log(sum(k=0, n, 2^binomial(k, 2) * x^k / k!) + O(x*x^n)))); Vec(serlaplace(log(x/serreverse(x*exp(p)))/x-1), -(n+1))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 28 2020

a(n) = A001187(n) - A327071(n). - Gus Wiseman, Sep 20 2019

Name corrected and more terms from Pavel Irzhavski, Nov 01 2014
Offset corrected by Falk Hüffner, Jun 17 2018
a(12)-a(16) from Andrew Howroyd, Jun 18 2018

A327071 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and at least one bridge, or graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 28, 475, 14736, 818643, 82367552, 15278576679, 5316021393280, 3519977478407687, 4487518206535452672, 11116767463976825779115, 53887635281876408097483776, 513758302006787897939587736715, 9668884580476067306398361085853696

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

nonn

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Connected graphs with no bridges are counted by A095983 (2-edge-connected graphs).

The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

Jean-François Alcover and Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..82 [using A001187 and b-file from A095983]
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Bridged Graph

Column k = 1 of A327069.
The unlabeled version is A052446.
Connected graphs without bridges are A007146.
The enumeration of labeled connected graphs by number of bridges is A327072.
Connected graphs with exactly one bridge are A327073.
Graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327079.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327111.
Covering set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327145.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are A327146.
Cf. A001187, A001349, A006125, A059166, A322395, A327071, A327077, A327099, A327144.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],spanEdgeConn[Range[n],#]==1&]],{n,0,4}]

a(1) = 0; a(n > 1) = A001187(n) - A095983(n).

A245797 The number of labeled graphs of n vertices that have endpoints, where an endpoint is a vertex with degree 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 6, 49, 710, 19011, 954184, 90154415, 16108626420, 5481798833245, 3582369649269620, 4532127781040045649, 11177949079089720090800, 54050029251399545975868271, 514598463471970554205910304780, 9677402372862708729859372687791391

Offset: 1

Chai Wah Wu, Aug 01 2014

nonn

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50

Equal to row sums of A245796.
The covering case is A327227.
The connected case is A327362.
The generalization to set-systems is A327228.
BII-numbers of set-systems with minimum degree 1 are A327105.
Cf. A001187, A006129, A059166, A059167, A100743, A136284, A327079, A327098, A327103, A327229, A327230.

m = 16;
egf = Exp[x^2/2]*Sum[2^Binomial[n, 2]*(x/Exp[x])^n/n!, {n, 0, m}];
A059167[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[egf, {x, 0, n}]*n!;
a[n_] := 2^(n(n-1)/2) - A059167[n];
Array[a, m] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 23 2019 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Min@@Length/@Split[Sort[Join@@#]]==1&]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Sep 11 2019 *)

a(n) = 2^(n*(n+1)/2) - A059167(n).

Binomial transform of A327227 (assuming a(0) = 0).

a(9)-a(16) from Andrew Howroyd, Oct 26 2017

A327227 Number of labeled simple graphs covering n vertices with at least one endpoint/leaf.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 31, 515, 15381, 834491, 83016613, 15330074139, 5324658838645, 3522941267488973, 4489497643961740521, 11119309286377621015089, 53893949089393110881259181, 513788884660608277842596504415, 9669175277199248753133328740702449

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Sep 01 2019

nonn

Covering means there are no isolated vertices.
A leaf is an edge containing a vertex that does not belong to any other edge, while an endpoint is a vertex belonging to only one edge.
Also graphs with minimum vertex-degree 1.

			The a(4) = 31 edge-sets:
  {12,34}  {12,13,14}  {12,13,14,23}
  {13,24}  {12,13,24}  {12,13,14,24}
  {14,23}  {12,13,34}  {12,13,14,34}
           {12,14,23}  {12,13,23,24}
           {12,14,34}  {12,13,23,34}
           {12,23,24}  {12,14,23,24}
           {12,23,34}  {12,14,24,34}
           {12,24,34}  {12,23,24,34}
           {13,14,23}  {13,14,23,34}
           {13,14,24}  {13,14,24,34}
           {13,23,24}  {13,23,24,34}
           {13,23,34}  {14,23,24,34}
           {13,24,34}
           {14,23,24}
           {14,23,34}
           {14,24,34}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

Column k=1 of A327366.
The non-covering version is A245797.
The unlabeled version is A324693.
The generalization to set-systems is A327229.
BII-numbers of set-systems with minimum degree 1 are A327105.
Cf. A001187, A006129, A059166, A059167, A100743, A136284, A327079, A327098, A327103, A327228, A327230.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Min@@Length/@Split[Sort[Join@@#]]==1&]],{n,0,5}]

Inverse binomial transform of A245797, if we assume A245797(0) = 0.

A327148 Irregular triangle read by rows with trailing zeros removed where T(n,k) is the number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices and non-spanning edge-connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 4, 18, 27, 14, 1, 56, 250, 402, 240, 65, 10, 1, 1031, 5475, 11277, 9620, 4282, 921, 146, 15, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (along with any isolated vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

			Triangle begins:
   1
   1
   1   1
   1   3   3   1
   4  18  27  14   1
  56 250 402 240  65  10   1

Row sums are A006125.
Column k = 0 is A327199.
Column k = 1 is A327231.
The corresponding triangle for vertex-connectivity is A327125.
The corresponding triangle for spanning edge-connectivity is A327069.
The covering version is A327149.
The unlabeled version is A327236, with covering version A327201.
Cf. A001187, A263296, A322338, A322395, A326787, A327079, A327097, A327099, A327102, A327126, A327144, A327196, A327200, A327201.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
edgeConnSys[sys_]:=If[Length[csm[sys]]!=1,0,Length[sys]-Max@@Length/@Select[Union[Subsets[sys]],Length[csm[#]]!=1&]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],edgeConnSys[#]==k&]],{n,0,4},{k,0,Binomial[n,2]}]//.{foe___,0}:>{foe}

T(n,k) = Sum_{m = 0..n} binomial(n,m) A327149(m,k). In words, column k is the binomial transform of column k of A327149.

a(20)-a(28) from Robert Price, May 25 2021

A100743 Number of labeled n-vertex graphs without vertices of degree <=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 1, 10, 253, 12068, 1052793, 169505868, 51046350021, 29184353055900, 32122563615242615, 68867440268165982320, 290155715157676330952559, 2417761590648159731258579164, 40013923822242935823157820555477, 1318910080336893719646370269435043184

Offset: 0

Goran Kilibarda, Zoran Maksimovic, Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 03 2005

nonn

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 18 2019: (Start)
The a(4) = 10 edge-sets:
  {12,13,24,34}
  {12,14,23,34}
  {13,14,23,24}
  {12,13,14,23,24}
  {12,13,14,23,34}
  {12,13,14,24,34}
  {12,13,23,24,34}
  {12,14,23,24,34}
  {13,14,23,24,34}
  {12,13,14,23,24,34}
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50

Graphs without isolated nodes are A006129.
The connected case is A059166.
Graphs without endpoints are A059167.
Labeled graphs with endpoints are A245797.
The unlabeled version is A261919.
Cf. A095983, A136284, A322395, A327079, A327107, A327227, A327229, A327230.
Cf. A095983, A322395.

m = 13;
egf = Exp[-x + x^2/2]*Sum[2^(n (n-1)/2)*(x/Exp[x])^n/n!, {n, 0, m+1}];
s = egf + O[x]^(m+1);
a[n_] := n!*SeriesCoefficient[s, n];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, m}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 23 2019 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Min@@Length/@Split[Sort[Join@@#]]>1&]],{n,0,4}] (* Gus Wiseman, Aug 18 2019 *)

seq(n)={Vec(serlaplace(exp(-x + x^2/2 + O(x*x^n))*sum(k=0, n, 2^(k*(k-1)/2)*(x/exp(x + O(x^n)))^k/k!)))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Sep 04 2019

E.g.f.: exp(-x+x^2/2)*(Sum_{n>=0} 2^(n*(n-1)/2)*(x/exp(x))^n/n!). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 26 2006
Exponential transform of A059166. - Gus Wiseman, Aug 18 2019
Inverse binomial transform of A059167. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 02 2019

Terms a(14) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Sep 04 2019

A327229 Number of set-systems covering n vertices with at least one endpoint/leaf.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 4, 50, 3069, 2521782, 412169726428, 4132070622008664529903, 174224571863520492185852863478334475199686, 133392486801388257127953774730008469744261637221272599199572772174870315402893538

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Sep 01 2019

nonn

Covering means there are no isolated vertices.
A set-system is a finite set of finite nonempty sets. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges. A leaf is an edge containing a vertex that does not belong to any other edge, while an endpoint is a vertex belonging to only one edge.
Also covering set-systems with minimum vertex-degree 1.

			The a(2) = 4 set-systems:
  {{1,2}}
  {{1},{2}}
  {{1},{1,2}}
  {{2},{1,2}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..12

The non-covering version is A327228.
The specialization to simple graphs is A327227.
The unlabeled version is A327230.
BII-numbers of these set-systems are A327105.
Cf. A003465, A245797, A327079, A327098, A327103, A327107, A327197.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,n}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Min@@Length/@Split[Sort[Join@@#]]==1&]],{n,0,3}]

Inverse binomial transform of A327228.

Terms a(5) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 21 2023

A327129 Number of connected set-systems covering n vertices with at least one edge whose removal (along with any non-covered vertices) disconnects the set-system (non-spanning edge-connectivity 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 35, 2804

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

A set-system is a finite set of finite nonempty sets. Elements of a set-system are sometimes called edges. The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (along with any non-covered vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty set-system.

			The a(3) = 35 set-systems:
  {123}  {1}{12}{23}   {1}{2}{12}{13}   {1}{2}{3}{12}{13}
         {1}{13}{23}   {1}{2}{12}{23}   {1}{2}{3}{12}{23}
         {1}{2}{123}   {1}{2}{13}{23}   {1}{2}{3}{13}{23}
         {1}{3}{123}   {1}{2}{3}{123}   {1}{2}{3}{12}{123}
         {2}{12}{13}   {1}{3}{12}{13}   {1}{2}{3}{13}{123}
         {2}{13}{23}   {1}{3}{12}{23}   {1}{2}{3}{23}{123}
         {2}{3}{123}   {1}{3}{13}{23}
         {3}{12}{13}   {2}{3}{12}{13}
         {3}{12}{23}   {2}{3}{12}{23}
         {1}{23}{123}  {2}{3}{13}{23}
         {2}{13}{123}  {1}{2}{13}{123}
         {3}{12}{123}  {1}{2}{23}{123}
                       {1}{3}{12}{123}
                       {1}{3}{23}{123}
                       {2}{3}{12}{123}
                       {2}{3}{13}{123}

The restriction to simple graphs is A327079, with non-covering version A327231.
The version for spanning edge-connectivity is A327145, with BII-numbers A327111.
The BII-numbers of these set-systems are A327099.
The non-covering version is A327196.
Cf. A003465, A006129, A263296, A322395, A323818, A327071, A327149.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
eConn[sys_]:=If[Length[csm[sys]]!=1,0,Length[sys]-Max@@Length/@Select[Union[Subsets[sys]],Length[csm[#]]!=1&]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,n}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&eConn[#]==1&]],{n,0,3}]

Inverse binomial transform of A327196.

A327201 Irregular triangle read by rows with trailing zeros removed where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices with non-spanning edge-connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 5, 4, 1, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Sep 03 2019

The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed to obtain a disconnected or empty graph, ignoring isolated vertices.

			Triangle begins:
  1
  {}
  0 1
  0 0 1 1
  1 1 2 2 1
  2 3 7 5 4 1 1

Gus Wiseman, Unlabeled graphs covering 5 vertices, organized by non-spanning edge-connectivity.

Row sums are A002494.
Column k = 0 is A327075.
The labeled version is A327149.
Spanning edge-connectivity is A263296.
The non-covering version is A327236 (partial sums).
Cf. A000088, A322338, A322396, A326787, A327076, A327077, A327079, A327126, A327129, A327148, A327235.

A327149 Irregular triangle read by rows with trailing zeros removed where T(n,k) is the number of simple labeled graphs covering n vertices with non-spanning edge-connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 12, 15, 10, 1, 40, 180, 297, 180, 60, 10, 1

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 27 2019

The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (along with any non-covered vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

			Triangle begins:
   1
   {}
   0   1
   0   0   3   1
   3  12  15  10   1
  40 180 297 180  60  10   1

Row sums are A006129.
Column k = 0 is A327070.
Column k = 1 is A327079.
The corresponding triangle for vertex-connectivity is A327126.
The corresponding triangle for spanning edge-connectivity is A327069.
The non-covering version is A327148.
The unlabeled version is A327201.
Cf. A001187, A263296, A322338, A322395, A326787, A327097, A327099, A327102, A327125, A327129, A327144.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
eConn[sys_]:=If[Length[csm[sys]]!=1,0,Length[sys]-Max@@Length/@Select[Union[Subsets[sys]],Length[csm[#]]!=1&]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&eConn[#]==k&]],{n,0,4},{k,0,Binomial[n,2]}]//.{foe___,0}:>{foe}

A327148(n,k) = Sum_{m = 0..n} binomial(n,m) T(m,k). In words, column k is the inverse binomial transform of column k of A327148.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A095983 Number of 2-edge-connected labeled graphs on n nodes.

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A327071 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and at least one bridge, or graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

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A245797 The number of labeled graphs of n vertices that have endpoints, where an endpoint is a vertex with degree 1.

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A327227 Number of labeled simple graphs covering n vertices with at least one endpoint/leaf.

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A327148 Irregular triangle read by rows with trailing zeros removed where T(n,k) is the number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices and non-spanning edge-connectivity k.

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A100743 Number of labeled n-vertex graphs without vertices of degree <=1.

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A327229 Number of set-systems covering n vertices with at least one endpoint/leaf.

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