A091867 -id:A091867 - cp's OEIS frontend

A039717 Row sums of convolution triangle A030523.

1, 4, 15, 55, 200, 725, 2625, 9500, 34375, 124375, 450000, 1628125, 5890625, 21312500, 77109375, 278984375, 1009375000, 3651953125, 13212890625, 47804687500, 172958984375, 625771484375, 2264062500000, 8191455078125

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang

Number of (s(0), s(1), ..., s(2n)) such that 0 < s(i) < 10 and |s(i) - s(i-1)| = 1 for i = 1,2,...,2n, s(0) = 3, s(2n) = 5.
With offset 0 = INVERT transform of A001792: (1, 3, 8, 20, 48, 112, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 26 2010
From Tom Copeland, Nov 09 2014: (Start)
The array belongs to a family of arrays associated to the Catalan A000108 (t=1), and Riordan, or Motzkin sums A005043 (t=0), with the o.g.f. (1-sqrt(1-4x/(1+(1-t)x)))/2 and inverse x*(1-x)/(1 + (t-1)*x*(1-x)). See A091867 for more info on this family. Here t = -4 (mod signs in the results).
Let C(x) = (1 - sqrt(1-4x))/2, an o.g.f. for the Catalan numbers A000108, with inverse Cinv(x) = x*(1-x) and P(x,t) = x/(1+t*x) with inverse P(x,-t).
O.g.f.: G(x) = x*(1-x)/(1 - 5x*(1-x)) = P(Cinv(x),-5).
Inverse O.g.f.: Ginv(x) = (1 - sqrt(1 - 4*x/(1+5x)))/2 = C(P(x,5)) (signed A026378). Cf. A030528. (End)
p-INVERT of (2^n), where p(s) = 1 - s - s^2; see A289780. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 10 2017

Michel Marcus, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-5).

Appears in A109106.

Cf. A000045, A000108, A001792, A005043, A091867, A026378, A030528.

CoefficientList[Series[(1 - x) / (1 - 5 x + 5 x^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 10 2014 *)

Vec(x*(1-x)/(1-5*x+5*x^2) + O(x^40)) \\ Altug Alkan, Nov 20 2015

G.f.: x*(1-x)/(1-5*x+5*x^2) = g1(3, x)/(1-g1(3, x)), g1(3, x) := x*(1-x)/(1-2*x)^2 (g.f. first column of A030523).
From Paul Barry, Apr 16 2004: (Start)
Binomial transform of Fibonacci(2n+2).
a(n) = (sqrt(5)/2 + 5/2)^n*(3*sqrt(5)/10 + 1/2) - (5/2 - sqrt(5)/2)^n*(3*sqrt(5)/10 - 1/2). (End)
a(n) = (1/5)*Sum_{r=1..9} sin(3*r*Pi/10)*sin(r*Pi/2)*(2*cos(r*Pi/10))^(2*n).
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 5*a(n-2).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(n, i)*binomial(k+i+1, 2k+1). - Paul Barry, Jun 22 2004
From Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 01 2010: (Start)
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = (A020876(n) + A093131(n)*sqrt(5))/2.
Limit_{n->oo} A020876(n)/A093131(n) = sqrt(5).
(End)
From Benito van der Zander, Nov 19 2015: (Start)
Limit_{k->oo} a(k+1)/a(k) = 1 + phi^2 = (5 + sqrt(5)) / 2.
a(n) = a(n-1) * 3 + A081567(n-2) (not proved).
(End)
E.g.f.: exp(x*5/2) * (cosh(x*sqrt(5)/2) + (3/sqrt(5))*sinh(x*sqrt(5)/2)). - Fabian Pereyra, Oct 29 2024

A104597 Triangle T read by rows: inverse of Motzkin triangle A097609.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, -1, -2, 0, 1, 0, -2, -3, 0, 1, 1, 1, -3, -4, 0, 1, 1, 4, 3, -4, -5, 0, 1, 0, 3, 9, 6, -5, -6, 0, 1, -1, -2, 5, 16, 10, -6, -7, 0, 1, -1, -6, -9, 6, 25, 15, -7, -8, 0, 1, 0, -4, -18, -24, 5, 36, 21, -8, -9, 0, 1, 1, 3, -7, -39, -50, 1, 49, 28, -9, -10, 0, 1, 1, 8

Offset: 0

Ralf Stephan, Mar 17 2005

Riordan array ((1-x)/(1-x+x^2),x(1-x)/(1-x+x^2)). - Paul Barry, Jun 21 2008

			1
0,1
-1,0,1
-1,-2,0,1
0,-2,-3,0,1
1,1,-3,-4,0,1
1,4,3,-4,-5,0,1
0,3,9,6,-5,-6,0,1
-1,-2,5,16,10,-6,-7,0,1
-1,-6,-9,6,25,15,-7,-8,0,1

D. Merlini, R. Sprugnoli and M. C. Verri, An algebra for proper generating trees, Mathematics and Computer Science, Part of the series Trends in Mathematics pp 127-139, 2000. [alternative link]
D. Merlini, R. Sprugnoli and M. C. Verri, An algebra for proper generating trees, Colloquium on Mathematics and Computer Science, Versailles, September 2000.

Row sums are A009116 with different signs.
Row sums are A146559(n).
Cf. A005043, A091867, A030528, A000108.

# Uses function InvPMatrix from A357585. Adds column 1, 0, 0, ... to the left.
InvPMatrix(10, n -> A005043(n-1)); # Peter Luschny, Oct 09 2022

T(n,m):=sum(binomial(m,j)*sum(binomial(k,n-k)*(-1)^(n-k)*binomial(k+j-1,j-1),k,0,n)*(-1)^(m-j),j,0,m); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 08 2011 */

T(n,m) = sum(j=0..m, binomial(m,j)*sum(k=0..n, binomial(k,n-k)*(-1)^(n-k)*binomial(k+j-1,j-1))*(-1)^(m-j)). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 08 2011
T(n,m) = sum(k=ceiling((n-m-1)/2)..n-m, binomial(k+m,m)*binomial(k+1,n-k-m)*(-1)^(n-k-m)). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Dec 17 2011
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k) - T(n-2,k-1), T(0,0) = T(1,1) = 1, T(1,0) = 0, T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 20 2013
T(n+5,n) = (n+1)^2. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 20 2013
From Tom Copeland, Nov 04 2014: (Start)
O.g.f.: G(x,t) = Pinv[Cinv(x),t+1] = Cinv(x) / [1 - (t+1)Cinv(x)] = x*(1-x) / [1-(t+1)x(1-x)] = x + t * x^2 + (-1 + t^2) * x^3 + ..., where Cinv(x)= x * (1-x) is the inverse of C(x) = [1-sqrt(1-4*x)]/2, an o.g.f. for the Catalan numbers A000108 and Pinv(x,t) = -P(-x,t) = x/(1-t*x) is the inverse of P(x,t) = x/(1+x*t).
Ginv(x,t)= C[P[x,t+1]]= C[x/(1+(t+1)x)] = {1-sqrt[1-4*x/(1+(t+1)x)]}/2.
The inverse in x of G(x,t) with t replaced by -t is the o.g.f. of A091867, and G(x,t-1) is a signed version of the (mirrored) Fibonacci polynomials A030528. (End)

A210736 Expansion of (1 + sqrt( (1 + 2x) / (1 - 2x))) / 2 in powers of x.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, 70, 126, 252, 462, 924, 1716, 3432, 6435, 12870, 24310, 48620, 92378, 184756, 352716, 705432, 1352078, 2704156, 5200300, 10400600, 20058300, 40116600, 77558760, 155117520, 300540195, 601080390, 1166803110, 2333606220, 4537567650

Offset: 0

Michael Somos, May 10 2012

nonn

Hankel transform is period 4 sequence [ 1, 0, -1, 0, ...] A056594 and the Hankel transform of sequence omitting a(0) is the all 1s sequence A000012. This is the unique sequence with that property.
Series reversion of x*A(x) apparently yields x*A036765(-x). - R. J. Mathar, Sep 24 2012
a(n) is the number of length n words on {-1,1} such that the sum of any of its prefixes is always positive.  Cf. A001405 where the sum of all prefixes is nonnegative. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 08 2013

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 3*x^4 + 6*x^5 + 10*x^6 + 20*x^7 + 35*x^8 + 70*x^9 + ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Jean-Luc Baril and José L. Ramírez, Knight's paths towards Catalan numbers, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté (2022).
Paul Barry, d-orthogonal polynomials, Fuss-Catalan matrices and lattice paths, arXiv:2505.16718 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 25.
Philippe Flajolet and Robert Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009; page 77.

Essentially the same as A001405.
Cf. A056594, A138350, A210628, A211278.
Cf. A000108, A091867, A146559, A126930.

nn=36; d=(1-(1-4x^2)^(1/2))/(2x^2);CoefficientList[Series[1/(1-x d),{x,0,nn}],x] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 08 2013 *)
CoefficientList[Series[2 x / (-1 + 2 x + Sqrt[1 - 4 x^2]), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 10 2014 *)

{a(n) = if( n<1, n==0, binomial( n - 1, (n - 1)\2))};

{a(n) = polcoeff( (1 + sqrt( (1 + 2*x) / (1 - 2*x) + x * O(x^n))) / 2, n)};

G.f.: 2 * x / (-1 + 2*x + sqrt(1 - 4*x^2)).
G.f. A(x) satisfies A(x) = A(x)^2 - x / (1 - 2*x).
G.f. A(x) satisfies A( x / (1 + x^2) ) = 1 / (1 - x).
G.f. A(x) satisfies A(1/3) = (1 + sqrt(5))/2.
G.f. A(x) = 1 + x / (1 - 2*x + x / A(x)).
G.f. A(x) = 1 + x / (1 - x / (1 - x / (1 + x / A(x)))).
G.f. A(x) = 1 + x * A001405(x). a(n+1) = A001405(n).
Convolution inverse is A210628. Partial sums is A072100.
Binomial transform with offset 1 is A211278 with offset 1. a(n+2) * a(n) - a(n+1)^2 = A138350(n-1).
a(n) = (-1)^floor(n/2)*hypergeom2F1([1-n, -n],[1],-1). - Peter Luschny, Sep 01 2012
D-finite with recurrence: n*a(n) -2*a(n-1) +4*(2-n)*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 14 2012
G.f. A(x) = 1 / (1 - x / (1 - x^2 / (1 - x^2 / (1 - x^2 / ...)))). - Michael Somos, Jan 02 2013
G.f.: 1/(1 - x*C(x)) where C(x) is the o.g.f. for A126120. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 08 2013
a(n) ~ 2^(n-1/2) / sqrt(Pi*n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 01 2014
G.f.: A(x) = 1 - x/(- 1 + x/A(-x)). - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Feb 28 2014
From Tom Copeland, Nov 07 2014: (Start)
Setting a(0)=0 here, we have a signed version in A126930 and
O.g.f. G(x)=[-1+sqrt(1+4*x/(1-2x))]/2 = x + x^2 + 2 x^3 + ... = -C[-P(P(x,-1),-1)]= -C[-P(x,-2)] where C(x)= [1-sqrt(1-4*x)]/2= x + x^2 + 2 x^3 + ... = A000108(x) with inverse Cinv(x)=x*(1-x), and P(x,t)= x/(1 + t*x) with inverse P(x,-t).
These types of arrays are from linear fractional transformations of C(x). See A091867.
Ginv(x) = P[-Cinv(-x),2] = x*(1+x)/(1+2*x*(1-x))= (x+x^2)/(1+2(x+x^2)) (see A146559). (End)

A124644 Triangle read by rows. T(n, k) = binomial(n, k) * CatalanNumber(n - k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 5, 6, 3, 1, 14, 20, 12, 4, 1, 42, 70, 50, 20, 5, 1, 132, 252, 210, 100, 30, 6, 1, 429, 924, 882, 490, 175, 42, 7, 1, 1430, 3432, 3696, 2352, 980, 280, 56, 8, 1, 4862, 12870, 15444, 11088, 5292, 1764, 420, 72, 9, 1, 16796, 48620, 64350, 51480, 27720

Offset: 0

Farkas Janos Smile (smile_farkasjanos(AT)yahoo.com.au), Dec 21 2006

Equal to A091867*A007318. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 12 2009
Exponential Riordan array [exp(2x)*(Bessel_I(0,2x)-Bessel_I(1,2x)),x]. - Paul Barry, Mar 03 2011
From Tom Copeland, Nov 04 2014: (Start)
O.g.f: G(x,t) = C[Pinv(x,t)] =  {1 - sqrt[1 - 4 *x /(1-x*t)]}/2 where C(x) = [1 - sqrt(1-4x)]/2, an o.g.f. for the shifted Catalan numbers A000108 with inverse Cinv(x) = x*(1-x), and Pinv(x,t)= -P(-x,t) = x/(1-t*x) with inverse P(x,t) = 1/(1+t*x). This puts this array in a family of arrays formed from the composition of C and P and their inverses. -G(-x,t) is the comp. inverse of the o.g.f. of A030528.
This is an Appell sequence with lowering operator d/dt p(n,t) = n*p(n-1,t) and (p(.,t)+a)^n = p(n,t+a). The e.g.f. has the form e^(x*t)/w(t) where 1/w(t) is the e.g.f. of the first column, which is the Catalan sequence A000108. (End)

			From _Paul Barry_, Jan 28 2009: (Start)
Triangle begins
   1,
   1,  1,
   2,  2,  1,
   5,  6,  3,  1,
  14, 20, 12,  4,  1,
  42, 70, 50, 20,  5,  1 (End)

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..125, flattened
Paul Barry, Continued fractions and transformations of integer sequences, JIS 12 (2009) 09.7.6.

Cf. A098474 (mirror image), A000108, A091867, A030528, A104597.

Row sums give A007317(n+1).

m:=n->binomial(2*n, n)/(n+1): T:=proc(n, k) if k<=n then binomial(n, k)*m(n-k) else 0 fi end: for n from 0 to 10 do seq(T(n, k), k=0..n) od;

Table[Binomial[n, #] Binomial[2 #, #]/(# + 1) &[n - k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* or *)
Table[Abs[(-1)^k*CatalanNumber[#] Pochhammer[-n, #]/#!] &[n - k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 17 2017 *)

def A124644(n,k):
    return (-1)^(n-k)*catalan_number(n-k)*rising_factorial(-n,n-k)/factorial(n-k)
for n in range(7): [A124644(n,k) for k in (0..n)] # Peter Luschny, Feb 05 2015

T(n,k) = [x^(n-k)]F(-n,n-k+1;1;-1-x). - Paul Barry, Sep 05 2008
G.f.: 1/(1-xy-x/(1-x/(1-xy-x/(1-x/(1-xy-x/(1-x.... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Jan 06 2009
G.f.: 1/(1-x-xy-x^2/(1-2x-xy-x^2/(1-2x-xy-x^2/(1-.... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Jan 28 2009
T(n,k) = Sum_{i = 0..n} C(n,i)*(-1)^(n-i)*Sum{j = 0..i} C(j,k)*C(i,j)*A000108(i-j). - Paul Barry, Aug 03 2009
Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A126930(n), A005043(n), A000108(n), A007317(n+1), A064613(n), A104455(n) for x = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 respectively. T(n,k)= A007318(n,k)*A000108(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 12 2009
E.g.f.: exp(2*x + x*y)*(Bessel_I(0,2*x) - Bessel_I(1,2*x)). - Paul Barry, Mar 10 2010
From Tom Copeland, Nov 08 2014: (Start)
O.g.f.: G(x,t) = C[P(x,t)] = [1 - sqrt(1-4*x / (1-t*x))] / 2 = Sum_{n >= 1} (C. +  t)^(n-1) * x^n] = x + (1 + t) x^2 + (2 + 2t + t^2) x^3 + ... umbrally, where (C.)^n = C_n = (1,1,2,5,8,...) = A000108(x), C(x)= x*A000108(x)= G(x,0), and P(x,t) = x/(1 + t*x), a special linear fractional (Mobius) transformation. P(x,-t)= -P(-x,t) is the inverse of P(x,t).
Inverse o.g.f.: Ginv(x,t) = P[Cinv(x),-t] = x*(1-x) / [1 - t*x(1-x)] = -A030528(-x,t), where Cinv(x) = x*(1-x) is the inverse of C(x).
G(x,t) = x*A091867(x,t+1), and Ginv(x,t) = x*A104597(x,-(t+1)). (End)
T(n, k) = (-1)^(n-k)*Catalan(n-k)*Pochhammer(-n,n-k)/(n-k)!. - Peter Luschny, Feb 05 2015
Recurrence: T(n, 0) = Catalan(n) = 1/(n+1)*binomial(2*n, n) and, for 1 <= k <= n, T(n, k) = (n/k) * T(n-1, k-1). - Peter Bala, Feb 04 2024

Name brought in line with the Maple program by Peter Luschny, Jun 21 2023

A211357 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of noncrossing partitions up to rotation of an n-set that contain k singleton blocks.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 0, 1, 5, 6, 9, 4, 3, 0, 1, 6, 15, 18, 15, 5, 3, 0, 1, 15, 36, 56, 42, 29, 7, 4, 0, 1, 28, 91, 144, 142, 84, 42, 10, 4, 0, 1, 67, 232, 419, 432, 322, 152, 66, 12, 5, 0, 1, 145, 603, 1160, 1365, 1080, 630, 252, 90, 15, 5, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Tilman Piesk, Apr 12 2012

			From _Andrew Howroyd_, Nov 16 2017: (Start)
Triangle begins: (n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n)
   1;
   0,   1;
   1,   0,   1;
   1,   1,   0,   1;
   2,   1,   2,   0,   1;
   2,   3,   2,   2,   0,   1;
   5,   6,   9,   4,   3,   0,  1;
   6,  15,  18,  15,   5,   3,  0,  1;
  15,  36,  56,  42,  29,   7,  4,  0, 1;
  28,  91, 144, 142,  84,  42, 10,  4, 0, 1;
  67, 232, 419, 432, 322, 152, 66, 12, 5, 0, 1;
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1274 (terms 0..90 from Tilman Piesk)

Column k=0 is A295198.
Row sums are A054357.
Cf. A091867 (noncrossing partitions of an n-set with k singleton blocks), A211359 (up to rotations and reflections).
Cf. A171128.

a91867[n_, k_] := If[k == n, 1, (Binomial[n + 1, k]/(n + 1)) Sum[Binomial[n + 1 - k, j] Binomial[n - k - j - 1, j - 1], {j, 1, (n - k)/2}]];
a2426[n_] := Sum[Binomial[n, 2*k]*Binomial[2*k, k], {k, 0, Floor[n/2]}];
a171128[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k]*a2426[n - k];
T[0, 0] = 1;
T[n_, k_] := (1/n)*(a91867[n, k] - a171128[n, k] + Sum[EulerPhi[d]* a171128[n/d, k/d], {d, Divisors[GCD[n, k]]}]);
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 03 2018, after Andrew Howroyd *)

g(x,y) = {1/sqrt((1 - (1 + y)*x)^2 - 4*x^2) - 1}
S(n)={my(A=(1-sqrt(1-4*x/(1-(y-1)*x) + O(x^(n+2))))/(2*x)-1); Vec(1+intformal((A + sum(k=2, n, eulerphi(k)*g(x^k + O(x*x^n), y^k)))/x))}
my(v=S(10)); for(n=1, #v, my(p=v[n]); for(k=0, n-1, print1(polcoeff(p,k), ", ")); print) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 16 2017

T(n,k) = (1/n)*(A091867(n,k) - A171128(n,k) + Sum_{d|gcd(n,k)} phi(d) * A171128(n/d, k/d)) for n > 0. - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 16 2017

cp's OEIS Frontend

A039717 Row sums of convolution triangle A030523.

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A104597 Triangle T read by rows: inverse of Motzkin triangle A097609.

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A210736 Expansion of (1 + sqrt( (1 + 2*x) / (1 - 2*x))) / 2 in powers of x.

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A124644 Triangle read by rows. T(n, k) = binomial(n, k) * CatalanNumber(n - k).

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A211357 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of noncrossing partitions up to rotation of an n-set that contain k singleton blocks.

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A210736 Expansion of (1 + sqrt( (1 + 2x) / (1 - 2x))) / 2 in powers of x.