A000719 -id:A000719 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001349 Number of simple connected graphs on n unlabeled nodes.

1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 112, 853, 11117, 261080, 11716571, 1006700565, 164059830476, 50335907869219, 29003487462848061, 31397381142761241960, 63969560113225176176277, 245871831682084026519528568, 1787331725248899088890200576580, 24636021429399867655322650759681644

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The singleton graph K_1 is considered connected even though it is conventionally taken to have vertex connectivity 0. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 21 2020

Inverse Euler transform of A000088 but with a(0) omitted so that Sum_{k>=0} A000088(n) * x^n = Product_{k>0} (1 - x^k)^-a(k). It is debatable if there is a connected graph with 0 nodes and so a(0)=0 or better start from a(1)=1. - Michael Somos, Jun 01 2013. [As Harary once remarked in a famous paper ("Is the null-graph a pointless concept?"), the empty graph has every property, which is why a(0)=1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 08 2014]

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 6*x^4 + 21*x^5 + 112*x^6 + 853*x^7 + ....

P. Butler and R. W. Robinson, On the computer calculation of the number of nonseparable graphs, pp. 191 - 208 of Proc. Second Caribbean Conference Combinatorics and Computing (Bridgetown, 1977). Ed. R. C. Read and C. C. Cadogan. University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados, 1977. vii+223 pp.
F. Harary and R. C. Read, Is the null-graph a pointless concept?, pp. 37-44 of Graphs and Combinatorics (Washington, Jun 1973), Ed. by R. A. Bari and F. Harary. Lect. Notes Math., Vol. 406. Springer-Verlag, 1974.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, page 48, c(x). Also page 242.
Lupanov, O. B. Asymptotic estimates of the number of graphs with n edges. (Russian) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 126 1959 498--500. MR0109796 (22 #681).
Lupanov, O. B. "On asymptotic estimates of the number of graphs and networks with n edges." Problems of Cybernetics [in Russian], Moscow 4 (1960): 5-21.
R. C. Read and R. J. Wilson, An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford, 1998.
R. W. Robinson, Numerical implementation of graph counting algorithms, AGRC Grant, Math. Dept., Univ. Newcastle, Australia, 1978.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
Robin J. Wilson, Introduction to Graph Theory, Academic Press, 1972. (But see A126060!)

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..75 [Computed using Keith Briggs's values for A000088]
Michal Adamaszek, Small flag complexes with torsion, arXiv:1208.3892 [math.CO], 2012.
C. O. Aguilar and B. Gharesifard, Graph Controllability Classes for the Laplacian Leader-Follower Dynamics, 2014. See Table 1.
Jonathan Baker, Kevin N. Vander Meulen, and Adam Van Tuyl, Shedding vertices of vertex decomposable well-covered graphs, Discrete Mathematics (2018) Vol. 341, Issue 12, 3355-3369. Also arXiv:1606.04447 [math.NT], 2016.
Johannes Bausch and Felix Leditzky, Error Thresholds for Arbitrary Pauli Noise, arXiv:1910.00471 [quant-ph], 2019.
Gunnar Brinkmann, Kris Coolsaet, Jan Goedgebeur and Hadrien Melot, House of Graphs: a database of interesting graphs, arXiv:1204.3549 [math.CO], 2012.
P. Butler and R. W. Robinson, On the computer calculation of the number of nonseparable graphs, pp. 191 - 208 of Proc. Second Caribbean Conference Combinatorics and Computing (Bridgetown, 1977). Ed. R. C. Read and C. C. Cadogan. University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados, 1977. vii+223 pp. [Annotated scanned copy]
P. J. Cameron, Some sequences of integers, Discrete Math., 75 (1989), 89-102.
P. J. Cameron, Some sequences of integers, in "Graph Theory and Combinatorics 1988", ed. B. Bollobas, Annals of Discrete Math., 43 (1989), 89-102.
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
CombOS - Combinatorial Object Server, Generate graphs
Matt DeVos, Adam Dyck, Jonathan Jedwab, and Samuel Simon, Which graphs occur as gamma-graphs?, arXiv:1810.01583 [math.CO], 2018.
J. P. Dolch, Names of Hamiltonian graphs, Proc. 4th S-E Conf. Combin., Graph Theory, Computing, Congress. Numer. 8 (1973), 259-271. (Annotated scanned copy of 3 pages)
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018.
E. Friedman, Illustration of small graphs
F. Harary, The number of linear, directed, rooted, and connected graphs, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 78 (1955) 445-463.
Yoshiaki Horiike and Yuki Kawaguchi, A comprehensive exploration of interaction networks reveals a connection between entanglement and network structure, arXiv:2505.11466 [quant-ph], 2025. See p. 9.
Avraham Itzhakov and Michael Codish, Incremental Symmetry Breaking Constraints for Graph Search Problems, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (Beer-Sheva, Israel, 2019).
Markus Kirchweger and Stefan Szeider, SAT Modulo Symmetries for Graph Generation and Enumeration, ACM Trans. Comput. Logic (2024). See p. 27.
X. Li, D. S. Stones, H. Wang, H. Deng, X. Liu and G. Wang, NetMODE: Network Motif Detection without Nauty, PLoS ONE 7(12): e50093. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Feb 02 2013
Steffen Lauritzen, Alessandro Rinaldo, and Kayvan Sadeghi, On Exchangeability in Network Models, arXiv:1709.03885 [math.ST], 2017.
Richard J. Mathar, Counting Connected Graphs without Overlapping Cycles, arXiv:1808.06264 [math.CO], 2018.
B. D. McKay, Simple Graphs
A. Milicevic and N. Trinajstic, Combinatorial Enumeration in Chemistry, Chem. Modell., Vol. 4, (2006), pp. 405-469.
Marius Möller, Laura Hindersin, and Arne Traulsen, Exploring and mapping the universe of evolutionary graphs, arXiv:1810.12807 [q-bio.PE], 2018.
Marius Möller, Laura Hindersin, and Arne Traulsen, Exploring and mapping the universe of evolutionary graphs identifies structural properties affecting fixation probability and time, Communications Biology 2 (2019), Article number: 137.
L. Naughton and G. Pfeiffer, Integer Sequences Realized by the Subgroup Pattern of the Symmetric Group, J. Int. Seq. 16 (2013) #13.5.8
M. Petkovsek and T. Pisanski, Counting disconnected structures: chemical trees, fullerenes, I-graphs and others, Croatica Chem. Acta, 78 (2005), 563-567.
R. W. Robinson, Enumeration of non-separable graphs, J. Combin. Theory 9 (1970), 327-356.
Gordon Royle, Small graphs
Yoav Spector and Moshe Schwartz, Study of potential Hamiltonians for quantum graphity, arXiv:1808.05632 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2018.
M. L. Stein and P. R. Stein, Enumeration of Linear Graphs and Connected Linear Graphs up to p = 18 Points. Report LA-3775, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California, Los Alamos, NM, Oct 1967.
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 1, Part 17 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
D. Stolee, Isomorph-free generation of 2-connected graphs with applications, arXiv:1104.5261 [math.CO], 2011.
Rodrigo Stange Tessinari, Marcia Helena Moreira Paiva, Maxwell E. Monteiro, Marcelo E. V. Segatto, Anilton Garcia, George T. Kanellos, Reza Nejabati, and Dimitra Simeonidou, On the Impact of the Physical Topology on the Optical Network Performance, IEEE British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP 2018), London.
James Turner and William H. Kautz, A survey of progress in graph theory in the Soviet Union SIAM Rev. 12 1970 suppl. iv+68 pp. MR0268074 (42 #2973). See p. 18. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Apr 08 2014
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Connected Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, k-Connected Graph
Myung-Gon Yoon, Peter Rowlinson, Dragos Cvetkovic, and Zoran Stanic, Controllability of multi-agent dynamical systems with a broadcasting control signal, Asian J. Control 16 (4) (2014) 1066-1072, Table 1.
Index entries for "core" sequences

Cf. A000088, A002218, A006290, A000719, A201922 (Multiset transform).

Row sums of A054924.

# To produce all connected graphs on 4 nodes, for example (from N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 07 2013):
with(GraphTheory):
L:=[NonIsomorphicGraphs](4,output=graphs,outputform=adjacency, restrictto=connected):

<<"Combinatorica`"; max = 19; A000088 = Table[ NumberOfGraphs[n], {n, 0, max}]; f[x_] = 1 - Product[ 1/(1 - x^k)^a[k], {k, 1, max}]; a[0] = a[1] = a[2] = 1; coes = CoefficientList[ Series[ f[x], {x, 0, max}], x]; sol = First[ Solve[ Thread[ Rest[ coes + A000088 ] == 0]]]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, max}] /. sol (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 24 2011 *)
terms = 20;
mob[m_, n_] := If[Mod[m, n] == 0, MoebiusMu[m/n], 0];
EULERi[b_] := Module[{a, c, i, d}, c = {}; For[i = 1, i <= Length[b], i++, c = Append[c, i*b[[i]] - Sum[c[[d]]*b[[i - d]], {d, 1, i - 1}]]]; a = {}; For[i = 1, i <= Length[b], i++, a = Append[a, (1/i)*Sum[mob[i, d]*c[[d]], {d, 1, i}]]]; Return[a]];
permcount[v_] := Module[{m = 1, s = 0, k = 0, t}, For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, t = v[[i]]; k = If[i > 1 && t == v[[i - 1]], k + 1, 1]; m *= t*k; s += t]; s!/m];
edges[v_] := Sum[GCD[v[[i]], v[[j]]], {i, 2, Length[v]}, {j, 1, i - 1}] + Total[Quotient[v, 2]];
a88[n_] := Module[{s = 0}, Do[s += permcount[p]*2^edges[p], {p, IntegerPartitions[n]}]; s/n!];
Join[{1}, EULERi[Array[a88, terms]]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 28 2018, after Andrew Howroyd *)

from functools import lru_cache
from itertools import combinations
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod, gcd, factorial
from sympy import mobius, divisors
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A001349(n):
    if n == 0: return 1
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def b(n): return int(sum(Fraction(1<>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items()),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n)))
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def c(n): return n*b(n)-sum(c(k)*b(n-k) for k in range(1,n))
    return sum(mobius(n//d)*c(d) for d in divisors(n,generator=True))//n # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 02-03 2024

property=lambda G: G.is_connected()
def a(n):
    return len([1 for G in graphs(n) if property(G)])
# Ralf Stephan, May 30 2014

For asymptotics see Lupanov 1959, 1960, also Turner and Kautz, p. 18. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 08 2014

More terms from Ronald C. Read

A259862 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of unlabeled graphs with n nodes and connectivity exactly k (n>=1, 0<=k<=n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 2, 1, 13, 11, 7, 2, 1, 44, 56, 39, 13, 3, 1, 191, 385, 332, 111, 21, 3, 1, 1229, 3994, 4735, 2004, 345, 34, 4, 1, 13588, 67014, 113176, 66410, 13429, 992, 54, 4, 1, 288597, 1973029, 4629463, 3902344, 1109105, 99419, 3124, 81, 5, 1, 12297299, 105731474, 327695586, 388624106, 162318088, 21500415, 820956, 9813, 121, 5, 1

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 08 2015

These are vertex-connectivities. Spanning edge-connectivity is A263296. Non-spanning edge-connectivity is A327236. Cut-connectivity is A327127. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 03 2019

			Triangle begins:
       1;
       1,       1;
       2,       1,       1;
       5,       3,       2,       1;
      13,      11,       7,       2,       1;
      44,      56,      39,      13,       3,     1;
     191,     385,     332,     111,      21,     3,    1;
    1229,    3994,    4735,    2004,     345,    34,    4,  1;
   13588,   67014,  113176,   66410,   13429,   992,   54,  4, 1;
  288597, 1973029, 4629463, 3902344, 1109105, 99419, 3124, 81, 5, 1;
  12297299,105731474,327695586,388624106,162318088,21500415,820956,9813,121,5,1;
  ...

Georg Grasegger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..78
Brendan McKay, confusion over k-connected graphs, posting to Sequence Fans Mailing List, Jul 08 2015.
Jens M. Schmidt, Combinatorial Data
Gus Wiseman, The graphs counted by row n = 5 (isolated vertices not shown).

Columns k=0..10 (up to initial nonzero terms) are A000719, A052442, A052443, A052444, A052445, A324234, A324235, A324088, A324089, A324090, A324091.
Row sums are A000088.
Number of graphs with connectivity at least k for k=1..10 are A001349, A002218, A006290, A086216, A086217, A324240, A324092, A324093, A324094, A324095.
The labeled version is A327334.
Cf. A002494, A263296, A322389, A326786, A327127, A327236.

A007146 Number of unlabeled simple connected bridgeless graphs with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 3, 11, 60, 502, 7403, 197442, 9804368, 902818087, 153721215608, 48443044675155, 28363687700395422, 30996524108446916915, 63502033750022111383196, 244852545022627009655180986, 1783161611023802810566806448531, 24603891215865809635944516464394339

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Also unlabeled simple graphs with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2. The spanning edge-connectivity of a set-system is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a set-system that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 02 2019

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..40 (terms 1..22 from R. J. Mathar)
P. Hanlon and R. W. Robinson, Counting bridgeless graphs, J. Combin. Theory, B 33 (1982), 276-305, Table III.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Bridgeless Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Connected Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Simple Graph
Gus Wiseman, The a(3) = 1 through a(5) = 11 connected bridgeless graphs.

Cf. A005470 (number of simple graphs).
Cf. A007145 (number of simple connected rooted bridgeless graphs).
Cf. A052446 (number of simple connected bridged graphs).
Cf. A263914 (number of simple bridgeless graphs).
Cf. A263915 (number of simple bridged graphs).
The labeled version is A095983.
Row sums of A263296 if the first two columns are removed.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327109.
Graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity >= 2 are A327200.
2-vertex-connected graphs are A013922.
Cf. A000719, A001349, A002494, A261919, A327069, A327071, A327074, A327075, A327077, A327109, A327144, A327146.

\\ Translation of theorem 3.2 in Hanlon and Robinson reference. See A004115 for graphsSeries and A339645 for combinatorial species functions.
cycleIndexSeries(n)={my(gc=sLog(graphsSeries(n)), gcr=sPoint(gc)); sSolve( gc + gcr^2/2 - sRaise(gcr,2)/2, x*sv(1)*sExp(gcr) )}
NumUnlabeledObjsSeq(cycleIndexSeries(15)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 31 2020

a(n) = A001349(n) - A052446(n). - Gus Wiseman, Sep 02 2019

Reference gives first 22 terms.

A263296 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of graphs with n vertices with edge connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 2, 1, 13, 10, 8, 2, 1, 44, 52, 41, 15, 3, 1, 191, 351, 352, 121, 25, 3, 1, 1229, 3714, 4820, 2159, 378, 41, 4, 1, 13588, 63638, 113256, 68715, 14306, 1095, 65, 4, 1, 288597, 1912203, 4602039, 3952378, 1141575, 104829, 3441, 100, 5, 1

Offset: 1

Christian Stump, Oct 13 2015

This is spanning edge-connectivity. The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a graph that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices. The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph (A327236) is the minimum number of edges that must be removed to obtain a graph whose edge-set is disconnected or empty. Compare to vertex-connectivity (A259862). - Gus Wiseman, Sep 03 2019

			Triangle begins:
     1;
     1,    1;
     2,    1,    1;
     5,    3,    2,    1;
    13,   10,    8,    2,   1;
    44,   52,   41,   15,   3,  1;
   191,  351,  352,  121,  25,  3, 1;
  1229, 3714, 4820, 2159, 378, 41, 4, 1;
  ...

Georg Grasegger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..78 (rows 1..12)
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The edge connectivity of a graph.
Jens M. Schmidt, Combinatorial Data
Gus Wiseman, Unlabeled graphs with 5 vertices organized by spanning edge-connectivity (isolated vertices not shown).

Row sums give A000088, n >= 1.
Columns k=0..10 are A000719, A052446, A052447, A052448, A241703, A241704, A241705, A324096, A324097, A324098, A324099.
Number of graphs with edge connectivity at least k for k=1..10 are A001349, A007146, A324226, A324227, A324228, A324229, A324230, A324231, A324232, A324233.
The labeled version is A327069.
Cf. A002494, A095983, A259862, A327076, A327108, A327109, A327111, A327144, A327145, A327147, A327236.

a(22)-a(55) added by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 11 2019

A054592 Number of disconnected labeled graphs with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 4, 26, 296, 6064, 230896, 16886864, 2423185664, 687883494016, 387139470010624, 432380088071584256, 959252253993204724736, 4231267540316814507357184, 37138269572860613284747227136, 649037449132671895468073434916864, 22596879313063804832510513481261154304

Offset: 0

Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 15 2000

Cf. A001187, A000719, A360604.

upto := 18: g := add(2^binomial(n, 2) * x^n / n!, n = 0..upto+1):
ser := series(g - log(g) - 1, x, upto+1):
seq(n!*coeff(ser, x, n), n = 0..upto); # Peter Luschny, Feb 24 2023

g=Sum[2^Binomial[n,2]x^n/n!,{n,0,20}]; Range[0,20]! CoefficientList[Series[g-Log[g]-1,{x,0,20}],x]  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 11 2011 *)

a(n) = 2^binomial(n, 2) - A001187(n).
a(n) = n!*[x^n](g - log(g) - 1) where g = Sum_{n>=0} 2^binomial(n, 2) * x^n / n!. - Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 11 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A360604(n, k) * A001187(k). - Peter Luschny, Feb 24 2023

Edited and extended with a(0) = 0 by Peter Luschny, Feb 24 2023

A327070 Number of non-connected simple labeled graphs covering n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 40, 745, 21028, 973889, 80133088, 12523299729, 3847333778244, 2341705361100633, 2821794389863015840, 6728707109106848947081, 31769173063866390661714996, 297278309767391164611330317921

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

nonn

We consider the empty graph to be neither connected (one component) nor disconnected (more than one component).

			The a(4) = 3 graphs:
  {{1,2},{3,4}}
  {{1,3},{2,4}}
  {{1,4},{2,3}}

Column k = 0 of A327149.
The unlabeled version is A327075.
The non-covering version is A327199.
Cf. A000719, A001187, A001349, A002494, A006125, A006129, A054592, A327070.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[csm[#]]!=1&]],{n,0,5}]

a(n) = A006129(n) - A001187(n), if we assume A001187(0) = 0 and A001187(1) = 0.

Inverse binomial transform of A327199.

A052443 Number of simple unlabeled n-node graphs of connectivity 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 2, 7, 39, 332, 4735, 113176, 4629463, 327695586, 40525166511, 8850388574939, 3453378695335727, 2435485662537561705, 3137225298932374490227, 7448146273273417700880931, 32837456713651735794742705141, 270528237651574516777595556494978, 4186091025846007046878947026003803389

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

Jean-François Alcover, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..23
Jens M. Schmidt, Data files in graph6 format
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, k-Connected Graph.
Gus Wiseman, The a(5) = 7 graphs with vertex-connectivity 2.

Column k=2 of A259862.
Cf. A000719, A002218, A006290, A052442, A052444, A052445.
The labeled version is A327198.
2-vertex-connected graphs are A013922.
Cf. A322387, A327051, A327101, A327334.

A002218 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A002218/b002218.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
A006290 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A006290/b006290.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
a[1] = 0; a[2] = 0; a[3] = 1;
a[n_] := A002218[[n]] - A006290[[n-3]];
Array[a, 23] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 07 2021, after Andrew Howroyd *)

a(n) = A002218(n) - A006290(n) for n > 2. - Andrew Howroyd, Sep 04 2019

Name clarified and a(8)-a(11) by Jens M. Schmidt, Feb 18 2019
a(2)-a(3) corrected by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 28 2019
a(12)-a(20) from Andrew Howroyd, Sep 04 2019

A327075 Number of non-connected unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 10, 35, 185, 1242, 13929, 292131, 12344252, 1032326141, 166163019475, 50671385831320, 29105332577409883, 31455744378606296280, 64032559078724993894492, 245999991257359808853560276, 1787823917424909126688749033668, 24639597815428343970034635549911427

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Aug 26 2019

nonn

We consider the empty graph to be neither connected (one component) nor disconnected (more than one component).

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(0) = 1 through a(6) = 10 graphs (empty columns not shown):
  {}  {12,34}  {12,35,45}     {12,34,56}
               {12,34,35,45}  {12,35,46,56}
                              {12,36,46,56}
                              {13,23,46,56}
                              {12,34,35,46,56}
                              {12,36,45,46,56}
                              {13,23,45,46,56}
                              {12,13,23,45,46,56}
                              {12,35,36,45,46,56}
                              {12,34,35,36,45,46,56}

Gus Wiseman, The a(4) = 1 through a(6) = 10 non-connected covering graphs.

Column k = 0 of A327201.
The labeled version is A327070.
Disconnected graphs are A000719.
Cf. A000088, A001187, A001349, A002494, A006129, A054592.

from functools import lru_cache
from itertools import combinations
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod, gcd, factorial
from sympy import mobius, divisors
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A327075(n):
    if n <= 1: return 1-n
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def b(n): return int(sum(Fraction(1<>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items()),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n)))
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def c(n): return n*b(n)-sum(c(k)*b(n-k) for k in range(1,n))
    return b(n)-b(n-1)-sum(mobius(n//d)*c(d) for d in divisors(n,generator=True))//n # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 03 2024

a(n) = A002494(n) - A001349(n), if we assume A001349(0) = A001349(1) = 0.

a(20)-a(21) from Chai Wah Wu, Jul 03 2024

A graph with one vertex and no edges is considered to be connected. Except for complete graphs, this is the same as vertex-connectivity (A259862).

There are two ways to define (vertex) connectivity: the minimum size of a vertex cut, and the minimum of the maximum number of internally disjoint paths between two distinct vertices. For non-complete graphs they coincide, which is tremendously useful. For complete graphs with at least 2 vertices, there are no cuts but the second method still works so it is customary to use it to justify the connectivity of K_n being n-1. - Brendan McKay, Aug 28 2019.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001349 Number of simple connected graphs on n unlabeled nodes.

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A259862 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of unlabeled graphs with n nodes and connectivity exactly k (n>=1, 0<=k<=n-1).

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A007146 Number of unlabeled simple connected bridgeless graphs with n nodes.

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A263296 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of graphs with n vertices with edge connectivity k.

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A054592 Number of disconnected labeled graphs with n nodes.

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A327070 Number of non-connected simple labeled graphs covering n vertices.

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A052443 Number of simple unlabeled n-node graphs of connectivity 2.

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A327075 Number of non-connected unlabeled simple graphs covering n vertices.

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