cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 51 results. Next

A003173 Heegner numbers: imaginary quadratic fields with unique factorization (or class number 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163
Offset: 1

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Comments

Could also be called Gauss numbers, since he discovered them. Heegner proved list is complete. - Artur Jasinski, Mar 21 2003
Numbers n such that Q(sqrt(-n)) has unique factorization into primes.
These are the squarefree values of n for which if some positive integer N can be written in the form (a/2)^2+n*(b/2)^2 for integers a and b, then every prime factor P of N which occurs to an odd power can also be written in the form (c/2)^2+n*(d/2)^2 for integers c and d. - V. Raman, Sep 17 2012, May 01 2013
Cases n = 1 and n = 2 correspond to the rings Z[i] (Gaussian integers) and Z[sqrt(-2)] = numbers of the form a + b*sqrt(-2), where a and b are integers. Other cases, satisfying a(n) == 3 (mod 4), correspond to the rings of numbers of the form (a/2) + (b/2)*sqrt(-a(n)), for integers a and b of the same parity. All these rings admit unique factorization. - V. Raman, Sep 17 2012, corrected by Eric M. Schmidt, Feb 17 2013
The Heegner numbers greater than 3 can also be found using the Kronecker symbol, as follows: A number k > 3 is a Heegner number if and only if s = Sum_{j = 1..k} j * (j|k) is prime, which happens to be negative, where (x|y) is the Kronecker symbol. Also note for these results s = -k. But if s = -k is used as the selection condition (instead of primality), then the cubes of {7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163} are also selected, followed by these same numbers to 9th power (and presumably followed by the 27th or 81st power). - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 18 2016
Theorem: The ring of integers of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-n)) is Euclidean iff n = 1, 2, 3, 7 and 11. (Otherwise, the ring of integers of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-n)) is principal iff n is a term of this sequence) [Link Stark-Heegner theorem]. - Bernard Schott, Feb 07 2020
Named after the German high school teacher and radio engineer Kurt Heegner (1893-1965). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 15 2021

References

  • John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, Copernicus Press, NY, 1996, p. 224.
  • G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1979, p. 213.
  • Wilfred W. J. Hulsbergen, Conjectures in Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, Vieweg, 1994, p. 8.
  • Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 143.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • Harold M. Stark, An Introduction to Number Theory. Markham, Chicago, 1970, p. 295.

Crossrefs

Cf. A003174, A005847 (for class number 2), A014602 (for discriminants of these fields), A048981, A263465.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Union[ Select[ -NumberFieldDiscriminant[ Sqrt[-#]]& /@ Range[200], NumberFieldClassNumber[ Sqrt[-#]] == 1 & ] /. {4 -> 1, 8 -> 2}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 04 2012 *)
    heegnerNums = {}; Do[s = Sum[j * KroneckerSymbol[j, k], {j, 1, k}]; If[PrimeQ[s], AppendTo[heegnerNums, {s, k}]], {k, 1, 10000}]; heegnerNums (* Richard R. Forberg, Jul 18 2016 *)
  • PARI
    select(n->qfbclassno(-n*if(n%4==3,1,4))==1, vector(200,i,i)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

Formula

a(n) = A263465(n) = -A048981(6-n) for n <= 5. - Jonathan Sondow, May 28 2016

A006203 Discriminants of imaginary quadratic fields with class number 3 (negated).

Original entry on oeis.org

23, 31, 59, 83, 107, 139, 211, 283, 307, 331, 379, 499, 547, 643, 883, 907
Offset: 1

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Also n such that Q(sqrt(-n)) has class number 3. Lubelski in 1936 proved that 907 is maximal term of this sequence. - Artur Jasinski, Oct 07 2011

References

  • H. Cohen, Course in Computational Alg. No. Theory, Springer, 1993, p. 514.
  • J. M. Masley, Where are the number fields with small class number?, pp. 221-242 of Number Theory Carbondale 1979, Lect. Notes Math. 751 (1982).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. also A003173, A005847, ...
Cf. A191410.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Union[ (-NumberFieldDiscriminant[ Sqrt[-#]] & ) /@ Select[ Range[1000], NumberFieldClassNumber[ Sqrt[-#]] == 3 & ]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 04 2012 *)
  • PARI
    ok(n)={isfundamental(-n) && quadclassunit(-n).no == 3} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jul 20 2018
    
  • Sage
    [n for n in (1..1000) if is_fundamental_discriminant(-n) and QuadraticField(-n, 'a').class_number()==3] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 01 2019

A046002 Discriminants of imaginary quadratic fields with class number 5 (negated).

Original entry on oeis.org

47, 79, 103, 127, 131, 179, 227, 347, 443, 523, 571, 619, 683, 691, 739, 787, 947, 1051, 1123, 1723, 1747, 1867, 2203, 2347, 2683
Offset: 1

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Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Union[(-NumberFieldDiscriminant[Sqrt[-#]] &) /@ Select[Range[2700], NumberFieldClassNumber[Sqrt[-#]] == 5 &]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 27 2012 *)
  • PARI
    select(n->qfbclassno(-n)==5,vector(670,n,4*n+3)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 25 2013
    
  • Sage
    [n for n in (1..3000) if is_fundamental_discriminant(-n) and QuadraticField(-n, 'a').class_number()==5] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 01 2019

A014603 Discriminants of imaginary quadratic fields with class number 2 (negated).

Original entry on oeis.org

15, 20, 24, 35, 40, 51, 52, 88, 91, 115, 123, 148, 187, 232, 235, 267, 403, 427
Offset: 1

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Author

Eric Rains (rains(AT)caltech.edu)

Keywords

Comments

Includes only fundamental discriminants. The list of non-fundamental imaginary quadratic discriminants with class number 2 (negated) is 32, 36, 48, 60, 64, 72, 75, 99, 100, 112, 147. - Andrew V. Sutherland, Apr 08 2010

References

  • H. Cohen, Course in Computational Alg. No. Theory, Springer, 1993, p. 229.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Union[ (-NumberFieldDiscriminant[ Sqrt[-#]] &) /@ Select[ Range[500], NumberFieldClassNumber[ Sqrt[-#]] == 2 &]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 04 2012 *)
  • PARI
    ok(n)={isfundamental(-n) && quadclassunit(-n).no == 2} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jul 20 2018
    
  • Sage
    [n for n in (1..500) if is_fundamental_discriminant(-n) and QuadraticField(-n, 'a').class_number()==2] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 01 2019

Extensions

Offset corrected by Jianing Song, Aug 29 2018

A046020 Discriminants of imaginary quadratic fields with class number 23 (negated).

Original entry on oeis.org

647, 1039, 1103, 1279, 1447, 1471, 1811, 1979, 2411, 2671, 3491, 3539, 3847, 3923, 4211, 4783, 5387, 5507, 5531, 6563, 6659, 6703, 7043, 9587, 9931, 10867, 10883, 12203, 12739, 13099, 13187, 15307, 15451, 16267, 17203, 17851, 18379, 20323
Offset: 1

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Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Reap[ Do[ If[ NumberFieldClassNumber[ Sqrt[-n] ] == 23, d = -NumberFieldDiscriminant[ Sqrt[-n] ]; Print[d]; Sow[d]], {n, 1, 21000}]][[2, 1]] // Union (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 22 2012 *)
  • PARI
    select(n->qfbclassno(-n)==23, vector(22696, n, 4*n+3)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 25 2013

Extensions

68 discriminants in this sequence (proved).

A003656 Discriminants of real quadratic fields with unique factorization.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 28, 29, 33, 37, 41, 44, 53, 56, 57, 61, 69, 73, 76, 77, 88, 89, 92, 93, 97, 101, 109, 113, 124, 129, 133, 137, 141, 149, 152, 157, 161, 172, 173, 177, 181, 184, 188, 193, 197, 201, 209, 213, 217, 233, 236, 237, 241, 248, 249, 253, 268, 269
Offset: 1

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Discriminants of real quadratic fields with class number 1.
Other than the term 8, every term is of one of the three following forms: (i) p, where p is a prime congruent to 1 modulo 4; (ii) 4p or 8p, where p is a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4; (iii) pq, where p, q are distinct primes congruent to 3 modulo 4. In fact, for a positive fundamental discriminant d, the class number of the real quadratic field of discriminant d is odd if and only if d = 8 or is of the form (i), (ii) or (iii). See Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 of Ezra Brown's link. - Jianing Song, Feb 24 2021

References

  • D. A. Buell, Binary Quadratic Forms. Springer-Verlag, NY, 1989, pp. 224-241.
  • H. Cohen, Advanced Topics in Computational Number Theory, Springer, 2000, p. 534.
  • H. Hasse, Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1980, p. 576.
  • Pohst and Zassenhaus, Algorithmic Algebraic Number Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press, page 432.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A003652, A003658, A014602 (imaginary case).
For discriminants of real quadratic number fields with class number 2, 3, ..., 10, see A094619, A094612-A094614, A218156-A218160; see also A035120.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    maxDisc = 269; t = Table[ {NumberFieldDiscriminant[ Sqrt[n] ], NumberFieldClassNumber[ Sqrt[n] ]}, {n, Select[ Range[2, maxDisc], SquareFreeQ] } ]; Union[ Select[ t, #[[2]] == 1 && #[[1]] <= maxDisc & ][[All, 1]]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 24 2012 *)
  • Sage
    is_fund_and_qfbcn_1 = lambda n: is_fundamental_discriminant(n) and QuadraticField(n, 'a').class_number() == 1
    A003656 = lambda n: filter(is_fund_and_qfbcn_1, (1,2,..,n))
    A003656(270) # Peter Luschny, Aug 10 2014

Extensions

More terms from Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)hotmail.com), May 15 2002

A046125 Number of negative fundamental discriminants having class number n.

Original entry on oeis.org

9, 18, 16, 54, 25, 51, 31, 131, 34, 87, 41, 206, 37, 95, 68, 322, 45, 150, 47, 350, 85, 139, 68, 511, 95, 190, 93, 457, 83, 255, 73, 708, 101, 219, 103, 668, 85, 237, 115, 912, 109, 339, 106, 691, 154, 268, 107, 1365, 132, 345, 159, 770, 114, 427, 163, 1205, 179, 291
Offset: 1

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Examples

			a(1) = 9 because the discriminants {-3,-4,-7,-8,-11,-19,-43,-67,-163} are the only ones with class number 1.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    FundamentalDiscriminantQ[n_] := n != 1 && (Mod[n, 4] == 1 || ! Unequal[ Mod[n, 16], 8, 12]) && SquareFreeQ[n/2^IntegerExponent[n, 2]] (* via Eric E. Weisstein *);
    k = 1; t = Table[0, {125}]; While[k < 2000001, If[ FundamentalDiscriminantQ@ -k, a = NumberFieldClassNumber@ Sqrt@ -k; If[a < 126, t[[a]]++]]; k++]; t (* Robert G. Wilson v Jun 01 2011 *)
  • PARI
    lista(nn=10^7) = {my(NMAX=100, v = vector(NMAX), c); for (k=1, nn, if (isfundamental(-k), if ((c = qfbclassno(-k)) <= NMAX, v[c] ++););); v;} \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 17 2022

Formula

From Amiram Eldar, Apr 15 2025: (Start)
Formulas from Soundararajan (2007):
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) = (3*zeta(2)/zeta(3)) * n^2 + O(n^2 * log(n)^(-1/2+eps)).
a(n) << n^2 * log(log(n))^4 / log(n). (End)

Extensions

Edited by Robert G. Wilson v, May 13 2003
Corrected and extended by Dean Hickerson, May 20 2003. The values were obtained by transcribing and combining data from Tables 1-3 of Buell's paper, which has information for all values of n up to 125.

A056987 Discriminants of imaginary quadratic fields with class number 25 (negated).

Original entry on oeis.org

479, 599, 1367, 2887, 3851, 4787, 5023, 5503, 5843, 7187, 7283, 7307, 7411, 8011, 8179, 9227, 9923, 10099, 11059, 11131, 11243, 11867, 12211, 12379, 12451, 12979, 14011, 14923, 15619, 17483, 18211, 19267, 19699, 19891, 20347, 21107, 21323
Offset: 1

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Sequence contains 95 members; largest is 93307.
The class group of Q[sqrt(-d)] is isomorphic to C_5 X C_5 for d = 12451 and 37363. For all other d in this sequence, the class group of Q[sqrt(-d)] is isomorphic to C_25. - Jianing Song, Dec 01 2019

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Reap[ For[n = 1, n < 22000, n++, s = Sqrt[-n]; If[ NumberFieldClassNumber[s] == 25, d = -NumberFieldDiscriminant[s]; Print[d]; Sow[d]]]][[2, 1]] // Union (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 05 2012 *)

A351664 Discriminants of imaginary quadratic fields with class number 26 (negated).

Original entry on oeis.org

551, 951, 1247, 1256, 1735, 1832, 2651, 2771, 2792, 2823, 2839, 2984, 3092, 3327, 3368, 3611, 3736, 3903, 3992, 4052, 4207, 4244, 4376, 4739, 5123, 5435, 5524, 5891, 6059, 6443, 6515, 6587, 6676, 6847, 6891, 6964, 7156, 8003, 8339, 8383, 8408, 8691, 8743
Offset: 1

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Author

Andy Huchala, Feb 16 2022

Keywords

Comments

Sequence contains 190 terms; largest is 103027.
The class group of Q[sqrt(-d)] is isomorphic to C_26 for all d in this sequence.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Sage
    ls = [(QuadraticField(-n, 'a').discriminant(), QuadraticField(-n, 'a').class_number()) for n in (0..10000) if is_fundamental_discriminant(-n) and not is_square(n)];
    [-a[0] for a in ls if a[1] == 26]

A191410 Class number, k, of n, i.e.; imaginary quadratic fields negated Q(sqrt(-n))=k, or 0 if n is not a fundamental discriminant (A003657).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 6, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0
Offset: 1

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Author

Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 01 2011

Keywords

Crossrefs

a(n)= 0: n/a The complement of A003657; a(n)= 1: A014602; a(n)= 2: A014603; a(n)= 3: A006203; a(n)= 4: A013658; a(n)= 5: A046002; a(n)= 6: A046003; a(n)= 7: A046004; a(n)= 8: A046005; a(n)= 9: A046006; a(n)=10: A046007; a(n)=11: A046008; a(n)=12: A046009; a(n)=13: A046010; a(n)=14: A046011; a(n)=15: A046012; a(n)=16: A046013; a(n)=17: A046014; a(n)=18: A046015; a(n)=19: A046016; a(n)=20: A123563; a(n)=21: A046018; a(n)=22: A171724; a(n)=23: A046020; a(n)=24: A048925; a(n)=25: A056987; etc.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    FundamentalDiscriminantQ[n_] := n != 1 && (Mod[n, 4] == 1 || !Unequal[ Mod[n, 16], 8, 12]) && SquareFreeQ[n/2^IntegerExponent[n, 2]] (* via Eric E. Weisstein *);
    f[n_] := If[ !FundamentalDiscriminantQ@ -n, 0, NumberFieldClassNumber@ Sqrt@ -n]; Array[f, 105]
  • PARI
    a(n)=if(isfundamental(-n),qfbclassno(-n),0) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012
Showing 1-10 of 51 results. Next