A059023 -id:A059023 - cp's OEIS frontend

A008299 Triangle T(n,k) of associated Stirling numbers of second kind, n >= 2, 1 <= k <= floor(n/2).

1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 10, 1, 25, 15, 1, 56, 105, 1, 119, 490, 105, 1, 246, 1918, 1260, 1, 501, 6825, 9450, 945, 1, 1012, 22935, 56980, 17325, 1, 2035, 74316, 302995, 190575, 10395, 1, 4082, 235092, 1487200, 1636635, 270270, 1, 8177, 731731, 6914908, 12122110

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane

T(n,k) is the number of set partitions of [n] into k blocks of size at least 2. Compare with A008277 (blocks of size at least 1) and A059022 (blocks of size at least 3). See also A200091. Reading the table by diagonals gives A134991. The row generating polynomials are the Mahler polynomials s_n(-x). See [Roman, 4.9]. - Peter Bala, Dec 04 2011
Row n gives coefficients of moments of Poisson distribution about the mean expressed as polynomials in lambda [Haight]. The coefficients of the moments about the origin are the Stirling numbers of the second kind, A008277. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 24 2020
Rows are of lengths 1,1,2,2,3,3,..., a pattern typical of matrices whose diagonals are rows of another lower triangular matrix--in this instance those of A134991. - Tom Copeland, May 01 2017
For a relation to decomposition of spin correlators see Table 2 of the Delfino and Vito paper. - Tom Copeland, Nov 11 2012

			There are 3 ways of partitioning a set N of cardinality 4 into 2 blocks each of cardinality at least 2, so T(4,2)=3.
Table begins:
  1;
  1;
  1,    3;
  1,   10;
  1,   25,     15;
  1,   56,    105;
  1,  119,    490,     105;
  1,  246,   1918,    1260;
  1,  501,   6825,    9450,      945;
  1, 1012,  22935,   56980,    17325;
  1, 2035,  74316,  302995,   190575,   10395;
  1, 4082, 235092, 1487200,  1636635,  270270;
  1, 8177, 731731, 6914908, 12122110, 4099095, 135135;
  ...
Reading the table by diagonals produces the triangle A134991.

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 222.
Frank Avery Haight, "Handbook of the Poisson distribution," John Wiley, 1967. See pages 6,7, but beware of errors. [Haight on page 7 gives five different ways to generate these numbers (see link)].
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 76.
S. Roman, The Umbral Calculus, Dover Publications, New York (2005), pp. 129-130.

Vincenzo Librandi and Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 2..200, flattened (rows n = 2..104 from Vincenzo Librandi)
Joerg Arndt and N. J. A. Sloane, Counting Words that are in "Standard Order"
Peter Bala, Diagonals of triangles with generating function exp(t*F(x)).
J. Fernando Barbero G., Jesús Salas, and Eduardo J. S. Villaseñor, Bivariate Generating Functions for a Class of Linear Recurrences. I. General Structure, arXiv:1307.2010 [math.CO], 2013.
J. Fernando Barbero G., Jesús Salas, and Eduardo J. S. Villaseñor, Generalized Stirling permutations and forests: Higher-order Eulerian and Ward numbers, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 22(3) (2015), #P3.37.
Fufa Beyene, Jörgen Backelin, Roberto Mantaci, and Samuel A. Fufa, Set Partitions and Other Bell Number Enumerated Objects, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.1.8.
Gilles Bonnet and Anna Gusakova, Concentration inequalities for Poisson U-statistics, arXiv:2404.16756 [math.PR], 2024. See p. 17.
E. Rodney Canfield, J. William Helton, and Jared A. Hughes, Uniform Convergence of an Asymptotic Approximation to Associated Stirling Numbers, arXiv:2409.01489 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 12.
Tom Copeland, Generators, Inversion, and Matrix, Binomial, and Integral Transforms
Tom Copeland, Short note on Lagrange inversion
Robert Coquereaux and Jean-Bernard Zuber, Counting partitions by genus. II. A compendium of results, arXiv:2305.01100 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 3.
Daniel W. Cranston and Chun-Hung Liu, Proper Conflict-free Coloring of Graphs with Large Maximum Degree, arXiv:2211.02818 [math.CO], 2022.
Gesualdo Delfino and Jacopo Viti, Potts q-color field theory and scaling random cluster model, arXiv:1104.4323 [hep-th], 2011.
Ming-Jian Ding and Jiang Zeng, Proof of an explicit formula for a series from Ramanujan's Notebooks via tree functions, arXiv:2307.00566 [math.CO], 2023.
A. E. Fekete, Apropos two notes on notation, Amer. Math. Monthly, 101 (1994), 771-778.
F. A. Haight, Handbook of the Poisson distribution, John Wiley, 1967 [Annotated scan of page 7 only. Note that there is an error in the table.]
Mathematics Stack Exchange, Mahler polynomials and the zeros of the incomplete gamma function, a Mathematics Stack Exchange question by Tom Copeland, Jan 06 2016.
R. Paris, A uniform asymptotic expansion for the incomplete gamma function, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 148 (2002), p. 223-239 (See 332. From Tom Copeland, Jan 03 2016).
Andrew Elvey Price and Alan D. Sokal, Phylogenetic trees, augmented perfect matchings, and a Thron-type continued fraction (T-fraction) for the Ward polynomials, arXiv:2001.01468 [math.CO], 2020.
E. G. Santos, Counting non-attacking chess pieces placements: Bishops and Anassas, arXiv:2411.16492 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 2.
L. M. Smiley, Completion of a Rational Function Sequence of Carlitz, arXiv:math/0006106 [math.CO], 2000.
M. Z. Spivey, On Solutions to a General Combinatorial Recurrence, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.9.7.
Erik Vigren and Andreas Dieckmann, A New Result in Form of Finite Triple Sums for a Series from Ramanujan’s Notebooks, Symmetry (2022) Vol. 14, No. 6, 1090.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Mahler polynomial
Wikipedia, Mahler polynomials

Rows: A000247 (k=2), A000478 (k=3), A058844 (k=4).
Row sums: A000296, diagonal: A259877.
Cf. A059022, A059023, A059024, A059025, A134991, A137375, A200091, A269939, A340556.

A008299 := proc(n,k) local i,j,t1; if k<1 or k>floor(n/2) then t1 := 0; else
t1 := add( (-1)^i*binomial(n, i)*add( (-1)^j*(k - i - j)^(n - i)/(j!*(k - i - j)!), j = 0..k - i), i = 0..k); fi; t1; end; # N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 06 2016
G:= exp(lambda*(exp(x)-1-x)):
S:= series(G,x,21):
seq(seq(coeff(coeff(S,x,n)*n!,lambda,k),k=1..floor(n/2)),n=2..20); # Robert Israel, Jan 15 2020
T := proc(n, k) option remember; if n < 0 then return 0 fi; if k = 0 then return k^n fi; k*T(n-1, k) + (n-1)*T(n-2, k-1) end:
seq(seq(T(n,k), k=1..n/2), n=2..9); # Peter Luschny, Feb 11 2021

t[n_, k_] := Sum[ (-1)^i*Binomial[n, i]*Sum[ (-1)^j*(k - i - j)^(n - i)/(j!*(k - i - j)!), {j, 0, k - i}], {i, 0, k}]; Flatten[ Table[ t[n, k], {n, 2, 14}, {k, 1, Floor[n/2]}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 13 2011, after David Wasserman *)
Table[Sum[Binomial[n, k - j] StirlingS2[n - k + j, j] (-1)^(j + k), {j, 0, k}], {n, 15}, {k, n/2}] // Flatten (* Eric W. Weisstein, Nov 13 2018 *)

{T(n, k) = if( n < 1 || 2*k > n, n==0 && k==0, sum(i=0, k, (-1)^i * binomial( n, i) * sum(j=0, k-i, (-1)^j * (k-i-j)^(n-i) / (j! * (k-i-j)!))))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 19 2014 */

{ T(n,k) = sum(i=0,min(n,k), (-1)^i * binomial(n,i) * stirling(n-i,k-i,2) ); } /* Max Alekseyev, Feb 27 2017 */

T(n,k) = abs(A137375(n,k)).
E.g.f. with additional constant 1: exp(t*(exp(x)-1-x)) = 1 + t*x^2/2! + t*x^3/3! + (t+3*t^2)*x^4/4! + ....
Recurrence relation: T(n+1,k) = k*T(n,k) + n*T(n-1,k-1).
T(n,k) = A134991(n-k,k); A134991(n,k) = T(n+k,k).
More generally, if S_r(n,k) gives the number of set partitions of [n] into k blocks of size at least r then we have the recurrence S_r(n+1,k) = k*S_r(n,k) + binomial(n,r-1)*S_r(n-r+1,k-1) (for this sequence, r=2), with associated e.g.f.: Sum_{n>=0, k>=0} S_r(n,k)*u^k*(t^n/n!) = exp(u*(e^t - Sum_{i=0..r-1} t^i/i!)).
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..k} (-1)^i*binomial(n, i)*Sum_{j=0..k-i} (-1)^j*(k-i-j)^(n-i)/(j!*(k-i-j)!). - David Wasserman, Jun 13 2007
G.f.: (R(0)-1)/(x^2*y), where R(k) = 1 - (k+1)*y*x^2/( (k+1)*y*x^2 - (1-k*x)*(1-x-k*x)/R(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Nov 09 2013
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..min(n,k)} (-1)^i * binomial(n,i) * Stirling2(n-i,k-i) = Sum_{i=0..min(n,k)} (-1)^i * A007318(n,i) * A008277(n-i,k-i). - Max Alekseyev, Feb 27 2017
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} binomial(j, n-2*k)*E2(n-k, n-k-j) where E2(n, k) are the second-order Eulerian numbers A340556. - Peter Luschny, Feb 11 2021

Formula and cross-references from Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu), Dec 14 2000
Edited by Peter Bala, Dec 04 2011
Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 24 2020

A057837 Number of partitions of a set of n elements where the partitions are of size > 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 36, 127, 337, 793, 7525, 48764, 238954, 997790, 6401435, 49107697, 345482807, 2150694855, 14656830110, 116678887407, 978172378669, 7886661080873, 63905475745765, 553437891603452, 5122279358273976, 48331088541366296, 458771027309344261

Offset: 0

Steven C. Fairgrieve (fsteven(AT)math.wvu.edu), Nov 06 2000

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..583 (terms 0..250 from Alois P. Heinz)
E. A. Enneking and J. C. Ahuja, Generalized Bell numbers, Fib. Quart., 14 (1976), 67-73.
I. Mezo, Periodicity of the last digits of some combinatorial sequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.1637 [math.CO], 2013 and J. Int. Seq. 17 (2014) #14.1.1.

Column k=3 of A293024.
Row sums of A059023.
Cf. A000110, A000296, A006505, A057814.
Cf. A293039.

G:={P=Set(Set(Atom,card>=4))}:combstruct[gfsolve](G,unlabeled,x):seq(combstruct[count]([P,G,labeled],size=i),i=0..26); # Zerinvary Lajos, Dec 16 2007

With[{nn=30},CoefficientList[Series[Exp[Exp[x]-1-x-x^2/2-x^3/6],{x,0,nn}], x]Range[0,nn]!] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 28 2012 *)

E.g.f.: exp(exp(x)-1-x-x^2/2-x^3/6).

a(0) = 1; a(n) = Sum_{k=4..n} binomial(n-1,k-1) * a(n-k). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Feb 09 2020

Corrected and extended by Christian G. Bower and James Sellers, Nov 09 2000

A059022 Triangle of Stirling numbers of order 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 1, 35, 1, 91, 1, 210, 280, 1, 456, 2100, 1, 957, 10395, 1, 1969, 42735, 15400, 1, 4004, 158301, 200200, 1, 8086, 549549, 1611610, 1, 16263, 1827826, 10335325, 1401400, 1, 32631, 5903898, 57962905, 28028000, 1, 65382, 18682014, 297797500

Offset: 3

Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu), Dec 14 2000

The number of partitions of the set N, |N|=n, into k blocks, all of cardinality greater than or equal to 3. This is the 3-associated Stirling number of the second kind (Comtet) or the Stirling number of order 3 (Fekete).
This is entered as a triangular array. The entries S_3(n,k) are zero for 3k>n, so these values are omitted. The initial entry in the sequence is S_3(3,1).
Rows are of lengths 1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,...

			There are 10 ways of partitioning a set N of cardinality 6 into 2 blocks each of cardinality at least 3, so S_3(6,2) = 10.
From _Wesley Ivan Hurt_, Feb 24 2022: (Start)
Triangle starts:
  1;
  1;
  1;
  1,   10;
  1,   35;
  1,   91;
  1,  210,   280;
  1,  456,  2100;
  1,  957, 10395;
  1, 1969, 42735, 15400;
  ...
(End)

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 222.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 76.

Gilles Bonnet and Anna Gusakova, Concentration inequalities for Poisson U-statistics, arXiv:2404.16756 [math.PR], 2024. See p. 17.
Antal E. Fekete, Apropos two notes on notation, Amer. Math. Monthly, 101 (1994), 771-778.
Gergő Nemes, On the Coefficients of the Asymptotic Expansion of n!, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010), 10.6.6.

Row sums give A006505.

Cf. A008299, A059023, A059024, A059025, A100861, A272352 (column 2), A272982 (column 3), A261724 (column 4), A352611 (column 5).

b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add(
      expand(x*b(n-j))*binomial(n-1, j-1), j=3..n))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=1..degree(p)))(b(n)):
seq(T(n), n=3..20);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2022
# alternative
A059022 := proc(n, k)
    option remember;
    if n<3 then
        0;
    elif n < 6 and k=1 then
        1 ;
    else
        k*procname(n-1, k)+binomial(n-1, 2)*procname(n-3, k-1) ;
    end if;
end proc:  # R. J. Mathar, Apr 15 2022

S3[3, 1] = S3[4, 1] = S3[5, 1] = 1; S3[n_, k_] /; 1 <= k <= Floor[n/3] := S3[n, k] = k*S3[n-1, k] + Binomial[n-1, 2]*S3[n-3, k-1]; S3[, ] = 0; Flatten[ Table[ S3[n, k], {n, 3, 20}, {k, 1, Floor[n/3]}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 21 2012 *)

S_r(n+1,k) = k*S_r(n,k) + binomial(n,r-1)*S_r(n-r+1,k-1); for this sequence, r=3.
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0, k>=0} S_r(n,k)*u^k*t^n/n! = exp(u(e^t - Sum_{i=0..r-1} t^i/i!)).
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..min(n/2,k)} (-1)^j*B(n,j)*S_2(n-2j,k-j), where B are the Bessel numbers A100861 and S_2 are the 2-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind A008299. - Fabián Pereyra, Feb 20 2022

A059024 Triangle of Stirling numbers of order 5.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 126, 1, 462, 1, 1254, 1, 3003, 1, 6721, 1, 14443, 126126, 1, 30251, 1009008, 1, 62322, 5309304, 1, 127024, 23075052, 1, 257108, 89791416, 1, 518092, 325355316, 488864376, 1, 1041029, 1122632043, 6844101264, 1, 2088043

Offset: 5

Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu), Dec 14 2000

The number of partitions of the set N, |N|=n, into k blocks, all of cardinality greater than or equal to 5. This is the 5-associated Stirling number of the second kind.
This is entered as a triangular array. The entries S_5(n,k) are zero for 5k>n, so these values are omitted. Initial entry in sequence is S_5(5,1).
Rows are of lengths 1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,...

			There are 126 ways of partitioning a set N of cardinality 10 into 2 blocks each of cardinality at least 5, so S_5(10,2) = 126.
Triangle begins:
1;
1;
1;
1;
1;
1,    126;
1,    462;
1,   1254;
1,   3003;
1,   6721;
1,  14443,    126126;
1,  30251,   1009008;
1,  62322,   5309304;
1, 127024,  23075052;
1, 257108,  89791416;
1, 518092, 325355316, 488864376;
...

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 222.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 76.

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 5..320, flattened
A. E. Fekete, Apropos two notes on notation, Amer. Math. Monthly, 101 (1994), 771-778.

Row sums give A057814.

Cf. A008299, A059022, A059023, A059025.

T:= proc(n,k) option remember; `if`(k<1 or k>n/5, 0,
      `if`(k=1, 1, k*T(n-1, k)+binomial(n-1, 4)*T(n-5, k-1)))
    end:
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=1..n/5), n=5..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 18 2017

S5[n_ /; 5 <= n <= 9, 1] = 1; S5[n_, k_] /; 1 <= k <= Floor[n/5] := S5[n, k] = k*S5[n-1, k] + Binomial[n-1, 4]*S5[n-5, k-1]; S5[, ] = 0; Flatten[ Table[ S5[n, k], {n, 5, 25}, {k, 1, Floor[n/5]}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 21 2012 *)

S_r(n+1, k) = k*S_r(n, k) + binomial(n, r-1)*S_r(n-r+1, k-1); for this sequence, r=5.
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0, k>=0} S_r(n,k)*u^k*t^n/n! = exp(u(e^t-sum(t^i/i!, i=0..r-1))).
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..min(n/4,k)} (-1)^j*n!/(24^j*j!*(n-4j)!)*S_4(n-4j,k-j), where S_4 are the 4-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind A059023. - Fabián Pereyra, Feb 21 2022

A059025 Triangle of Stirling numbers of order 6.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 462, 1, 1716, 1, 4719, 1, 11440, 1, 25883, 1, 56134, 1, 118456, 2858856, 1, 245480, 23279256, 1, 502588, 124710300, 1, 1020680, 551496660, 1, 2061709, 2181183147, 1, 4149752, 8021782197, 1, 8333153, 28051272535

Offset: 6

Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu), Dec 14 2000

The number of partitions of the set N, |N|=n, into k blocks, all of cardinality greater than or equal to 6. This is the 6-associated Stirling number of the second kind.
This is entered as a triangular array. The entries S_6(n,k) are zero for 6k>n, so these values are omitted. Initial entry in sequence is S_6(6,1).
Rows are of lengths 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, ...

			There are 462 ways of partitioning a set N of cardinality 12 into 2 blocks each of cardinality at least 6, so S_6(12,2)=462.

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 222.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 76.

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 6..13205 (rows n = 6..400, flattened).
Bishal Deb and Alan D. Sokal, Higher-order Stirling cycle and subset triangles: Total positivity, continued fractions and real-rootedness, arXiv:2507.18959 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 5.
A. E. Fekete, Apropos two notes on notation, Amer. Math. Monthly, 101 (1994), 771-778.

Cf. A008299, A059022, A059023, A059024.

S6[n_ /; 6 <= n <= 11, 1] = 1; S6[n_, k_] /; 1 <= k <= Floor[n/6] := S6[n, k] = k*S6[n-1, k] + Binomial[n-1, 5]*S6[n-6, k-1]; S6[, ] = 0; Flatten[ Table[ S6[n, k], {n, 6, 24}, {k, 1, Floor[n/6]}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 21 2012 *)

S_r(n+1, k)=k S_r(n, k)+binomial(n, r-1)S_r(n-r+1, k-1) for this sequence, r=6.

G.f.: Sum_{n>=0, k>=0} S_r(n,k)*u^k*t^n/n! = exp(u(e^t - Sum_{i=0..r-1} t^i/i!)).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A008299 Triangle T(n,k) of associated Stirling numbers of second kind, n >= 2, 1 <= k <= floor(n/2).

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A057837 Number of partitions of a set of n elements where the partitions are of size > 3.

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A059022 Triangle of Stirling numbers of order 3.

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A059024 Triangle of Stirling numbers of order 5.

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A059025 Triangle of Stirling numbers of order 6.

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