A068319 -id:A068319 - cp's OEIS frontend

A020639 Lpf(n): least prime dividing n (when n > 1); a(1) = 1. Or, smallest prime factor of n, or smallest prime divisor of n.

1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 2, 7, 2, 3, 2, 11, 2, 13, 2, 3, 2, 17, 2, 19, 2, 3, 2, 23, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 29, 2, 31, 2, 3, 2, 5, 2, 37, 2, 3, 2, 41, 2, 43, 2, 3, 2, 47, 2, 7, 2, 3, 2, 53, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 59, 2, 61, 2, 3, 2, 5, 2, 67, 2, 3, 2, 71, 2, 73, 2, 3, 2, 7, 2, 79, 2, 3, 2, 83, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 89, 2, 7, 2, 3, 2, 5, 2, 97

Offset: 1

David W. Wilson

Also, the largest number of distinct integers such that all their pairwise differences are coprime to n. - Max Alekseyev, Mar 17 2006
The unit 1 is not a prime number (although it has been considered so in the past). 1 is the empty product of prime numbers, thus 1 has no least prime factor. - Daniel Forgues, Jul 05 2011
a(n) = least m > 0 for which n! + m and n - m are not relatively prime. - Clark Kimberling, Jul 21 2012
For n > 1, a(n) = the smallest k > 1 that divides n. - Antti Karttunen, Feb 01 2014
For n > 1, records are at prime indices. - Zak Seidov, Apr 29 2015
The initials "lpf" might be mistaken for "largest prime factor" (A009190), using "spf" for "smallest prime factor" would avoid this. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 29 2015
n = 89 is the first index > 1 for which a(n) differs from the smallest k > 1 such that (2^k + n - 2)/k is an integer. - M. F. Hasler, Aug 11 2015
From Stanislav Sykora, Jul 29 2017: (Start)
For n > 1, a(n) is also the smallest k, 1 < k <= n, for which the binomial(n,k) is not divisible by n.
Proof: (A) When k and n are relatively prime then binomial(n,k) is divisible by n because k*binomial(n,k) = n*binomial(n-1,k-1). (B) When gcd(n,k) > 1, one of its prime factors is the smallest; let us denote it p, p <= k, and consider the binomial(n,p) = (1/p!)*Product_{i=0..p-1} (n-i). Since p is a divisor of n, it cannot be a divisor of any of the remaining numerator factors. It follows that, denoting as e the largest e > 0 such that p^e|n, the numerator is divisible by p^e but not by p^(e+1). Hence, the binomial is divisible by p^(e-1) but not by p^e and therefore not divisible by n. Applying (A), (B) to all considered values of k completes the proof. (End)
From Bob Selcoe, Oct 11 2017, edited by M. F. Hasler, Nov 06 2017: (Start)
a(n) = prime(j) when n == J (mod A002110(j)), n, j >= 1, where J is the set of numbers <= A002110(j) with smallest prime factor = prime(j). The number of terms in J is A005867(j-1). So:
a(n) = 2 when n == 0 (mod 2);
a(n) = 3 when n == 3 (mod 6);
a(n) = 5 when n == 5 or 25 (mod 30);
a(n) = 7 when n == 7, 49, 77, 91, 119, 133, 161 or 203 (mod 210);
etc. (End)
For n > 1, a(n) is the leftmost term, other than 0 or 1, in the n-th row of A127093. - Davis Smith, Mar 05 2019

D. S. Mitrinovic et al., Handbook of Number Theory, Kluwer, Section IV.1.

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100000 (terms 1..10000 from T. D. Noe)
A. E. Brouwer, Two number theoretic sums, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. Zuivere Wiskunde, Report ZW 19/74 (1974): 3 pages. [Copy included with the permission of the author.]
OEIS Wiki, Least prime factor of n
David Singmaster, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 3 1982.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Least Prime Factor
Index entries for "core" sequences

Cf. A090368 (bisection).
Cf. A000040, A009190, A006530, A034684, A028233, A034699, A053585.
See also A032742, A055396, A068319, A088377, A007978, A053669, A117818.
Cf. A046669 (partial sums), A072486 (partial products).
Cf. A002110, A005867.
Cf. A127093.

a020639 n = spf a000040_list where
  spf (p:ps) | n < p^2      = n
             | mod n p == 0 = p
             | otherwise    = spf ps
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 13 2011

A020639 := proc(n) if n = 1 then 1; else min(op(numtheory[factorset](n))) ; end if; end proc: seq(A020639(n),n=1..20) ; # R. J. Mathar, Oct 25 2010

f[n_]:=FactorInteger[n][[1,1]]; Join[{1}, Array[f,120,2]]  (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 06 2011 *)
Join[{1}, Table[If[EvenQ[n], 2, FactorInteger[n][[1,1]]], {n, 2, 120}]] (* Zak Seidov, Nov 17 2013 *)
Riffle[Join[{1},Table[FactorInteger[n][[1,1]],{n,3,101,2}]],2] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 16 2021 *)

A020639(n) = { vecmin(factor(n)[,1]) } \\ [Will yield an error for n = 1.] - R. J. Mathar, Mar 02 2012

A020639(n)=if(n>1, if(n>n=factor(n,0)[1,1], n, factor(n)[1,1]), 1) \\ Avoids complete factorization if possible. Often the smallest prime factor can be found quickly even if it is larger than primelimit. If factoring takes too long for large n, use debugging level >= 3 (\g3) to display the smallest factor as soon as it is found. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 29 2015

from sympy import factorint
def a(n): return 1 if n == 1 else min(factorint(n))
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 98)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Dec 09 2021

def A020639_list(n) : return [1] + [prime_divisors(n)[0] for n in (2..n)]
A020639_list(97) # Peter Luschny, Jul 16 2012

[trial_division(n) for n in (1..100)] # Giuseppe Coppoletta, May 25 2016

(define (A020639 n) (if (< n 2) n (let loop ((k 2)) (cond ((zero? (modulo n k)) k) (else (loop (+ 1 k))))))) ;; Antti Karttunen, Feb 01 2014

A014673(n) = a(A032742(n)); A115561(n) = a(A054576(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 10 2006
A028233(n) = a(n)^A067029(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 13 2006
a(n) = A027746(n,1) = A027748(n,1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 27 2011
For n > 1: a(n) = A240694(n,2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 10 2014
a(n) = A000040(A055396(n)) = n / A032742(n). - Antti Karttunen, Mar 07 2017
a(n) has average order n/(2 log n) [Brouwer] - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 03 2017

Deleted wrong comment from M. Lagneau in 2012, following an observation by Gionata Neri. - M. F. Hasler, Aug 11 2015
Edited by M. F. Hasler, Nov 06 2017
Expanded definition to make this easier to find. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 21 2020

A032742 a(1) = 1; for n > 1, a(n) = largest proper divisor of n (that is, for n>1, maximum divisor d of n in range 1 <= d < n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6, 1, 7, 5, 8, 1, 9, 1, 10, 7, 11, 1, 12, 5, 13, 9, 14, 1, 15, 1, 16, 11, 17, 7, 18, 1, 19, 13, 20, 1, 21, 1, 22, 15, 23, 1, 24, 7, 25, 17, 26, 1, 27, 11, 28, 19, 29, 1, 30, 1, 31, 21, 32, 13, 33, 1, 34, 23, 35, 1, 36, 1, 37, 25, 38, 11, 39, 1, 40

Offset: 1

Patrick De Geest, May 15 1998

It seems that a(n) = Max_{j=n+1..2n-1} gcd(n,j). - Labos Elemer, May 22 2002
This is correct: No integer in the range [n+1, 2n-1] has n as its divisor, but certainly at least one multiple of the largest proper divisor of n will occur there (e.g., if it is n/2, then at n + (n/2)). - Antti Karttunen, Dec 18 2014
The slopes of the visible lines made by the points in the scatter plot are 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/7, ... (reciprocals of primes). - Moosa Nasir, Jun 19 2022

Rémi Eismann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 1000 terms from T. D. Noe)
Moosa Nasir, Slopes.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Proper Divisor.

Cf. A002110, A002808, A005867, A006530, A008578, A020639, A032741, A003961, A052126, A054576, A055396, A060681, A068319, A063928, A130064, A246277, A250245, A250246, A276085, A276086, A276151, A286477, A300236, A302025, A302026, A302032, A302042, A325563, A325567.

Maximal GCD of k positive integers with sum n for k = 2..10: this sequence (k=2,n>=2), A355249 (k=3), A355319 (k=4), A355366 (k=5), A355368 (k=6), A355402 (k=7), A354598 (k=8), A354599 (k=9), A354601 (k=10).

a032742 n = n `div` a020639 n  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 03 2012

A032742 :=proc(n) option remember; if n = 1 then 1; else numtheory[divisors](n) minus {n} ; max(op(%)) ; end if; end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Jun 13 2011
1, seq(n/min(numtheory:-factorset(n)), n=2..1000); # Robert Israel, Dec 18 2014

f[n_] := If[n == 1, 1, Divisors[n][[-2]]]; Table[f[n], {n, 100}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 03 2010 *)
Join[{1},Divisors[#][[-2]]&/@Range[2,80]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 29 2011 *)
a[n_] := n/FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Nov 26 2020 *)
Table[Which[n==1,1,PrimeQ[n],1,True,Divisors[n][[-2]]],{n,80}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 02 2022 *)

a(n)=if(n==1,1,n/factor(n)[1,1]) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 15 2011

from sympy import factorint
def a(n): return 1 if n == 1 else n//min(factorint(n))
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 81)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jun 21 2022

(define (A032742 n) (/ n (A020639 n))) ;; Antti Karttunen, Dec 18 2014

a(n) = n / A020639(n).
Other identities and observations:
A054576(n) = a(a(n)); A117358(n) = a(a(a(n))) = a(A054576(n)); a(A008578(n)) = 1, a(A002808(n)) > 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 10 2006
a(n) = A130064(n) / A006530(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 05 2007
a(m)*a(n) < a(m*n) for m and n > 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 11 2008
a(m*n) = max(m*a(n), n*a(m)). - Robert Israel, Dec 18 2014
From Antti Karttunen, Mar 31 2018: (Start)
a(n) = n - A060681(n).
For n > 1, a(n) = A003961^(r)(A246277(n)), where r = A055396(n)-1 and A003961^(r)(n) stands for shifting the prime factorization of n by r positions towards larger primes.
a(n) = A250246(A302042(A250245(n))) = A302026(A302032(A302025(n))).
For all n >= 1, A276085(a(A276086(n))) = A276151(n).
(End)
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^2, where c = (1/2) * Sum_{k>=1} A005867(k-1)/(prime(k)*A002110(k)) = 0.165049... . - Amiram Eldar, Nov 19 2022

Definition clarified by N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 26 2022

A111234 a(1)=2; thereafter a(n) = (largest proper divisor of n) + (smallest prime divisor of n).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 5, 8, 6, 6, 7, 12, 8, 14, 9, 8, 10, 18, 11, 20, 12, 10, 13, 24, 14, 10, 15, 12, 16, 30, 17, 32, 18, 14, 19, 12, 20, 38, 21, 16, 22, 42, 23, 44, 24, 18, 25, 48, 26, 14, 27, 20, 28, 54, 29, 16, 30, 22, 31, 60, 32, 62, 33, 24, 34, 18, 35, 68, 36, 26, 37, 72, 38, 74, 39

Offset: 1

Leroy Quet, Oct 28 2005

nonn

If (but not only if) n is squarefree, then a(n) is coprime to n.

Largest semiperimeter of rectangle of area n. If n is prime, a(n) = n+1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 14 2019

			12's largest proper divisor is 6. 12's smallest prime divisor is 2. So a(12) = 6 + 2 = 8.

Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A032742, A020639, A068319, A063655.

f[n_] := Divisors[n][[ -2]] + FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]]; Table[ f[n], {n, 2, 74}] (* Robert G. Wilson v *)

a(n) = if (n==1, 2, my(p=factor(n)[1,1]); n/p + p); \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 14 2019

from sympy import factorint
A111234_list = [2] + [a+b//a for a, b in ((min(factorint(n)), n) for n in range(2,10001))] # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 14 2019

For all n >= 1, a(n) = A020639(n)+n/A020639(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 14 2019

More terms from Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 31 2005

Added a(1) = 2. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 14 2019

cp's OEIS Frontend

A020639 Lpf(n): least prime dividing n (when n > 1); a(1) = 1. Or, smallest prime factor of n, or smallest prime divisor of n.

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A032742 a(1) = 1; for n > 1, a(n) = largest proper divisor of n (that is, for n>1, maximum divisor d of n in range 1 <= d < n).

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A111234 a(1)=2; thereafter a(n) = (largest proper divisor of n) + (smallest prime divisor of n).

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A088377 a(n) = (smallest prime factor of n)^2; a(1) = 1.

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