cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 18 results. Next

A000699 Number of irreducible chord diagrams with 2n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 4, 27, 248, 2830, 38232, 593859, 10401712, 202601898, 4342263000, 101551822350, 2573779506192, 70282204726396, 2057490936366320, 64291032462761955, 2136017303903513184, 75197869250518812754, 2796475872605709079512, 109549714522464120960474, 4509302910783496963256400, 194584224274515194731540740
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Perturbation expansion in quantum field theory: spinor case in 4 spacetime dimensions.
a(n)*2^(-n) is the coefficient of the x^(2*n-1) term in the series reversal of the asymptotic expansion of 2*DawsonF(x) = sqrt(Pi)*exp(-x^2)*erfi(x) for x -> inf. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2016
The September 2018 talk by Noam Zeilberger (see link to video) connects three topics (planar maps, Tamari lattices, lambda calculus) and eight sequences: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 17 2018
A set partition is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the blocks and whose edges are crossing pairs of blocks is connected, where two blocks cross each other if they are of the form {{...x...y...},{...z...t...}} for some x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y. Then a(n) is the number of topologically connected 2-uniform set partitions of {1...2n}. See my links for examples. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 23 2019
From Julien Courtiel, Oct 09 2024: (Start)
a(n) is the number of rooted bridgeless combinatorial maps with n edges (genus is not fixed). A map is bridgeless if it has no edge whose removal disconnects the graph. For example, for n=2, there are 4 bridgeless maps with 2 edges: 2 planar maps with 1 vertex (either two consecutive loops, or two nested loops), 1 toric map with 1 vertex, and 1 planar map with 2 vertices connected by a double edge.
Also, a(n) is the number of trees with n edges equipped with a binary tubing. A tube is a connected subgraph. A binary tubing of a tree is a nested set collection S of tubes such that 1. S contains the tube of all vertices 2. Every tube of S is either reduced to one vertex, or it can be can partitioned by 2 tubes of S.
(End)

Examples

			a(31)=627625976637472254550352492162870816129760 was computed using Kreimer's Hopf algebra of rooted trees. It subsumes 2.6*10^21 terms in quantum field theory.
G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x + x^2 + 4*x^3 + 27*x^4 + 248*x^5 + 2830*x^6 +...
where d/dx (A(x) - 1)^2/x = 1 + 4*x + 27*x^2 + 248*x^3 + 2830*x^4 +...
		

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Sequences mentioned in the Noam Zeilberger 2018 video: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827.
Cf. A004300, A051862, A212273. Column sums of A232223. First column of A322402.

Programs

  • Maple
    A000699 := proc(n)
        option remember;
        if n <= 1 then
            1;
        else
            add((2*i-1)*procname(i)*procname(n-i),i=1..n-1) ;
        end if;
    end proc:
    seq(A000699(n),n=0..30) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jun 12 2018
  • Mathematica
    terms = 22; A[] = 0; Do[A[x] = x + x^2 * D[A[x]^2/x, x] + O[x]^(terms+1) // Normal, terms]; CoefficientList[A[x], x] // Rest (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 06 2012, after Paul D. Hanna, updated Jan 11 2018 *)
    a = ConstantArray[0,20]; a[[1]]=1; Do[a[[n]] = (n-1)*Sum[a[[i]]*a[[n-i]],{i,1,n-1}],{n,2,20}]; a (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 22 2014 *)
    Module[{max = 20, s}, s = InverseSeries[ComplexExpand[Re[Series[2 DawsonF[x], {x, Infinity, 2 max + 1}]]]]; Table[SeriesCoefficient[s, 2 n - 1] 2^n, {n, 1, max}]] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2016 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n)=local(A=1+x*O(x^n)); for(i=1, n, A=1+x+x^2*deriv((A-1)^2/x)+x*O(x^n)); polcoeff(A, n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2010 [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020]
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = my(A); A = 1+O(x) ; for( i=0, n, A = 1+x + (A-1)*(2*x*A' - A + 1)); polcoeff(A, n)}; /* Michael Somos, May 12 2012 [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020] */
    
  • PARI
    seq(N) = {
      my(a = vector(N)); a[1] = 1;
      for (n=2, N, a[n] = sum(k=1, n-1, (2*k-1)*a[k]*a[n-k])); a;
    };
    seq(22)  \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Jan 22 2017
    
  • PARI
    seq(n)={my(g=serlaplace(1 / sqrt(1 - 2*x + O(x*x^n)))); Vec(sqrt((x/serreverse( x*g^2 ))))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 21 2024
    
  • Python
    def A000699_list(n):
        list = [1, 1] + [0] * (n - 1)
        for i in range(2, n + 1):
            list[i] = (i - 1) * sum(list[j] * list[i - j] for j in range(1, i))
        return list
    print(A000699_list(22)) # M. Eren Kesim, Jun 23 2021

Formula

a(n) = (n-1)*Sum_{i=1..n-1} a(i)*a(n-i) for n > 1, with a(1) = a(0) = 1. [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020]
A212273(n) = n * a(n). - Michael Somos, May 12 2012
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = 1 + x + x^2*[d/dx (A(x) - 1)^2/x]. - Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2010 [Modified to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020]
a(n) ~ n^n * 2^(n+1/2) / exp(n+1) * (1 - 31/(24*n) - 2207/(1152*n^2) - 3085547/(414720*n^3) - 1842851707/(39813120*n^4) - ...). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 22 2014, extended Oct 23 2017
G.f. A(x) satisfies: 1 = A(x) - x/(A(x) - 2*x/(A(x) - 3*x/(A(x) - 4*x/(A(x) - 5*x/(A(x) - ...))))), a continued fraction relation. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 04 2020
G.f. A(x) satisfies: A(x*B(x)^2) = B(x) where B(x) is the g.f. of A001147. - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 21 2024

Extensions

More terms from David Broadhurst, Dec 14 1999
Inserted "chord" in definition. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 19 2017
Added a(0)=1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 05 2020
Modified formulas slightly to include a(0) = 1. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 06 2020

A326293 Number of non-nesting, topologically connected simple graphs with vertices {1..n}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 27, 192, 1750
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jun 29 2019

Keywords

Comments

Two edges {a,b}, {c,d} are crossing if a < c < b < d or c < a < d < b, and nesting if a < c < d < b or c < a < b < d. A graph with positive integer vertices is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the edges and whose edges are crossing pairs of edges is connected.

Crossrefs

The inverse binomial transform is the covering case A326349.
Topologically connected simple graphs are A324328.
Non-crossing simple graphs are A054726.
Topologically connected set partitions are A099947.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    croXQ[eds_]:=MatchQ[eds,{_,{x_,y_},_,{z_,t_},_}/;x_,{x_,y_},_,{z_,t_},_}/;x0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],!nesXQ[#]&&Length[csm[Union[Subsets[#,{1}],Select[Subsets[#,{2}],croXQ]]]]<=1&]],{n,0,5}]

A324327 Number of topologically connected chord graphs covering {1,...,n}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 11, 257
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Feb 22 2019

Keywords

Comments

A graph is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the edges and whose edges are crossing pairs of edges is connected, where two edges cross each other if they are of the form {{x,y},{z,t}} with x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y.
Covering means there are no isolated vertices.

Examples

			The a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 11 graphs:
  {}  {{12}}  {{13}{24}}  {{13}{14}{25}}
                          {{13}{24}{25}}
                          {{13}{24}{35}}
                          {{14}{24}{35}}
                          {{14}{25}{35}}
                          {{13}{14}{24}{25}}
                          {{13}{14}{24}{35}}
                          {{13}{14}{25}{35}}
                          {{13}{24}{25}{35}}
                          {{14}{24}{25}{35}}
                          {{13}{14}{24}{25}{35}}
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000108, A000699 (the case with disjoint edges), A001764, A002061, A007297, A016098, A054726, A099947, A136653 (the case with set-theoretical connectedness also), A268814.
Cf. A324167, A324169 (non-crossing covers), A324172, A324173, A324323, A324328 (non-covering case).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    croXQ[stn_]:=MatchQ[stn,{_,{_,x_,_,y_,_},_,{_,z_,_,t_,_},_}/;x0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    crosscmpts[stn_]:=csm[Union[Subsets[stn,{1}],Select[Subsets[stn,{2}],croXQ]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],And[Union@@#==Range[n],Length[crosscmpts[#]]<=1]&]],{n,0,5}]

Formula

Inverse binomial transform of A324328.

A324328 Number of topologically connected chord graphs on a subset of {1,...,n}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 27, 354
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Feb 22 2019

Keywords

Comments

A graph is topologically connected if the graph whose vertices are the edges and whose edges are crossing pairs of edges is connected, where two edges cross each other if they are of the form {{x,y},{z,t}} with x < z < y < t or z < x < t < y.

Examples

			The a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 27 graphs:
  {}  {}  {}      {}      {}          {}
          {{12}}  {{12}}  {{12}}      {{12}}
                  {{13}}  {{13}}      {{13}}
                  {{23}}  {{14}}      {{14}}
                          {{23}}      {{15}}
                          {{24}}      {{23}}
                          {{34}}      {{24}}
                          {{13}{24}}  {{25}}
                                      {{34}}
                                      {{35}}
                                      {{45}}
                                      {{13}{24}}
                                      {{13}{25}}
                                      {{14}{25}}
                                      {{14}{35}}
                                      {{24}{35}}
                                      {{13}{14}{25}}
                                      {{13}{24}{25}}
                                      {{13}{24}{35}}
                                      {{14}{24}{35}}
                                      {{14}{25}{35}}
                                      {{13}{14}{24}{25}}
                                      {{13}{14}{24}{35}}
                                      {{13}{14}{25}{35}}
                                      {{13}{24}{25}{35}}
                                      {{14}{24}{25}{35}}
                                      {{13}{14}{24}{25}{35}}
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000108, A000699, A001764, A002061, A007297, A016098, A054726 (non-crossing chord graphs), A099947, A136653, A268814.
Cf. A324168, A324169, A324172, A324173, A324323, A324327 (covering case).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    croXQ[stn_]:=MatchQ[stn,{_,{_,x_,_,y_,_},_,{_,z_,_,t_,_},_}/;x0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    crosscmpts[stn_]:=csm[Union[Subsets[stn,{1}],Select[Subsets[stn,{2}],croXQ]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Length[crosscmpts[#]]<=1&]],{n,0,5}]

Formula

Binomial transform of A324327.

A326330 Number of simple graphs with vertices {1..n} whose nesting edges are connected.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 30, 654
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jun 27 2019

Keywords

Comments

Two edges {a,b}, {c,d} are nesting if a < c < d < b or c < a < b < d. A graph has its nesting edges connected if the graph whose vertices are the edges and whose edges are nesting pairs of edges is connected.

Crossrefs

The covering case is the inverse binomial transform A326331.
Graphs whose crossing edges are connected are A324328.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    nesXQ[stn_]:=MatchQ[stn,{_,{x_,y_},_,{z_,t_},_}/;x0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Length[nestcmpts[#]]<=1&]],{n,0,5}]

A326337 Number of simple graphs covering the vertices {1..n} whose weakly nesting edges are connected.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 3, 29, 595, 23437
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jun 28 2019

Keywords

Comments

Two edges {a,b}, {c,d} are weakly nesting if a <= c < d <= b or c <= a < b <= d. A graph has its weakly nesting edges connected if the graph whose vertices are the edges and whose edges are weakly nesting pairs of edges is connected.

Crossrefs

The binomial transform is the non-covering case A326338.
The non-weak case is A326331.
Simple graphs whose nesting edges are connected are A326330.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    wknXQ[stn_]:=MatchQ[stn,{_,{_,x_,y_,_},_,{_,z_,t_,_},_}/;(x<=z&&y>=t)||(x>=z&&y<=t)];
    wknestcmpts[stn_]:=csm[Union[List/@stn,Select[Subsets[stn,{2}],wknXQ]]];
    csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[wknestcmpts[#]]<=1&]],{n,0,5}]

A326331 Number of simple graphs covering the vertices {1..n} whose nesting edges are connected.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 14, 539
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jun 27 2019

Keywords

Comments

Covering means there are no isolated vertices. Two edges {a,b}, {c,d} are nesting if a < c < d < b or c < a < b < d. A graph has its nesting edges connected if the graph whose vertices are the edges and whose edges are nesting pairs of edges is connected.

Crossrefs

The non-covering case is the binomial transform A326330.
Covering graphs whose crossing edges are connected are A324327.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    nesXQ[stn_]:=MatchQ[stn,{_,{x_,y_},_,{z_,t_},_}/;x0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[nestcmpts[#]]<=1&]],{n,0,5}]

A326339 Number of connected simple graphs with vertices {1..n} and no crossing or nesting edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 4, 12, 36, 108, 324
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jun 29 2019

Keywords

Comments

Two edges {a,b}, {c,d} are crossing if a < c < b < d or c < a < d < b, and nesting if a < c < d < b or c < a < b < d.
Appears to be essentially the same as A003946.

Examples

			The a(2) = 1 through a(4) = 36 edge-sets:
  {12}  {12,13}     {12,13,14}
        {12,23}     {12,13,34}
        {13,23}     {12,14,34}
        {12,13,23}  {12,23,24}
                    {12,23,34}
                    {12,24,34}
                    {13,23,34}
                    {14,24,34}
                    {12,13,14,34}
                    {12,13,23,34}
                    {12,14,24,34}
                    {12,23,24,34}
		

Crossrefs

Covering graphs with no crossing or nesting edges are A326329.
Connected simple graphs are A001349.
The case with only crossing edges forbidden is A007297.
Graphs without crossing or nesting edges are A326244.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[csm[#]]<=1&&!MatchQ[#,{_,{x_,y_},_,{z_,t_},_}/;x
    				

A326340 Number of maximal simple graphs with vertices {1..n} and no crossing or nesting edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 9, 19, 42
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jun 29 2019

Keywords

Comments

Two edges {a,b}, {c,d} are crossing if a < c < b < d or c < a < d < b, and nesting if a < c < d < b or c < a < b < d.

Crossrefs

Covering graphs with no crossing or nesting edges are A326329.
The case with only crossing edges forbidden is A000108 shifted right twice.
Simple graphs without crossing or nesting edges are A326244.
Connected graphs with no crossing or nesting edges are A326339.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    fasmax[y_]:=Complement[y,Union@@(Most[Subsets[#]]&/@y)];
    Table[Length[fasmax[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],!MatchQ[#,{_,{x_,y_},_,{z_,t_},_}/;x
    				

A322402 Triangle read by rows: The number of chord diagrams with n chords and k topologically connected components, 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 6, 5, 0, 27, 36, 28, 14, 0, 248, 310, 225, 120, 42, 0, 2830, 3396, 2332, 1210, 495, 132, 0, 38232, 44604, 29302, 14560, 6006, 2002, 429, 0, 593859, 678696, 430200, 204540, 81900, 28392, 8008, 1430, 0, 10401712, 11701926, 7204821, 3289296, 1263780, 431256, 129948, 31824, 4862
Offset: 0

Views

Author

R. J. Mathar, Dec 06 2018

Keywords

Comments

If all subsets are allowed instead of just pairs (chords), we get A324173. The rightmost column is A000108 (see Riordan). - Gus Wiseman, Feb 27 2019

Examples

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 27 2019: (Start)
Triangle begins:
  1
  0      1
  0      1      2
  0      4      6      5
  0     27     36     28     14
  0    248    310    225    120     42
  0   2830   3396   2332   1210    495    132
  0  38232  44604  29302  14560   6006   2002    429
  0 593859 678696 430200 204540  81900  28392   8008   1430
Row n = 3 counts the following chord diagrams (see link for pictures):
  {{1,3},{2,5},{4,6}}  {{1,2},{3,5},{4,6}}  {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}
  {{1,4},{2,5},{3,6}}  {{1,3},{2,4},{5,6}}  {{1,2},{3,6},{4,5}}
  {{1,4},{2,6},{3,5}}  {{1,3},{2,6},{4,5}}  {{1,4},{2,3},{5,6}}
  {{1,5},{2,4},{3,6}}  {{1,5},{2,3},{4,6}}  {{1,6},{2,3},{4,5}}
                       {{1,5},{2,6},{3,4}}  {{1,6},{2,5},{3,4}}
                       {{1,6},{2,4},{3,5}}
(End)
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000699 (k = 1 column), A001147 (row sums), A000108 (diagonal), A002694 (subdiagonal k = n - 1).

Formula

The g.f. satisfies g(z,w) = 1+w*A000699(w*g^2), where A000699(z) is the g.f. of A000699.

Extensions

Offset changed to 0 by Gus Wiseman, Feb 27 2019
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