A168616 -id:A168616 - cp's OEIS frontend

A027960 'Lucas array': triangular array T read by rows.

1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 5, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 15, 13, 6, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 26, 28, 19, 7, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 44, 54, 47, 26, 8, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 73, 98, 101, 73, 34, 9, 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, 120, 171, 199, 174, 107, 43, 10, 1

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling

The k-th row contains 2k+1 numbers.
Columns in the right half consist of convolutions of the Lucas numbers with the natural numbers.
T(n,k) = number of strings s(0),...,s(n) such that s(n)=n-k. s(0) in {0,1,2}, s(1)=1 if s(0) in {1,2}, s(1) in {0,1,2} if s(0)=0 and for 1 <= i <= n, s(i) = s(i-1)+d, with d in {0,2} if s(i)=2i, in {0,1,2} if s(i)=2i-1, in {0,1} if 0 <= s(i) <= 2i-2.

			                           1
                       1,  3,  1
                   1,  3,  4,  4,  1
               1,  3,  4,  7,  8,  5,   1
           1,  3,  4,  7, 11, 15, 13,   6,  1
        1, 3,  4,  7, 11, 18, 26, 28,  19,  7,  1
     1, 3, 4,  7, 11, 18, 29, 44, 54,  47, 26,  8, 1
  1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 73, 98, 101, 73, 34, 9, 1

Nathaniel Johnston, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000

Central column is the Lucas numbers without initial 2: A000204.
Columns in the right half include A027961, A027962, A027963, A027964, A053298.
Bisection triangles are in A026998 and A027011.
Row sums: A036563, A153881 (alternating sign).
Sums include: A023537, A027973, A027974, A027975, A027976, A027978, A027979, A027980, A027981, A027982, A027984, A027985, A027986, A027987, A053298.
Diagonals of the form T(n, 2*n-p): A000012 (p=0), A000027 (p=1), A034856 (p=2), A027965 (p=3), A027966 (p=4), A027967 (p=5), A027968 (p=6), A027969 (p=7), A027970 (p=8), A027971 (p=9), A027972 (p=10).
Diagonals of the form T(n, n+p): A000032 (p=0), A027961 (p=1), A023537 (p=2), A027963 (p=3), A027964 (p=4), A053298 (p=5), A027002 U A027018 (p=6), A027007 U A027014 (p=7), A027003 U A027019 (p=8).
Cf. A000032, A004396, A026998, A027011, A027977, A075193, A168616.

function T(n,k) // T = A027960
      if k le n then return Lucas(k+1);
      elif k gt 2*n then return 0;
      else return T(n-1, k-2) + T(n-1, k-1);
      end if;
end function;
[T(n,k): k in [0..2*n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 08 2025

T:=proc(n,k)option remember:if(k=0 or k=2*n)then return 1:elif(k=1)then return 3:else return T(n-1,k-2) + T(n-1,k-1):fi:end:
for n from 0 to 6 do for k from 0 to 2*n do print(T(n,k));od:od: # Nathaniel Johnston, Apr 18 2011

(* First program *)
t[, 0] = 1; t[, 1] = 3; t[n_, k_] /; (k == 2*n) = 1; t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] = t[n-1, k-2] + t[n-1, k-1]; Table[t[n, k], {n, 0, 8}, {k, 0, 2*n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 27 2013 *)
(* Second program *)
f[n_, k_]:= f[n,k]= Sum[Binomial[2*n-k+j,j]*LucasL[2*(k-n-j)], {j,0,k-n-1}];
A027960[n_, k_]:= LucasL[k+1] - f[n,k]*Boole[k>n];
Table[A027960[n,k], {n,0,12}, {k,0,2*n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jun 08 2025 *)

T(r,n)=if(r<0||n>2*r,return(0)); if(n==0||n==2*r,return(1)); if(n==1,3,T(r-1,n-1)+T(r-1,n-2)) /* Ralf Stephan, May 04 2005 */

@CachedFunction
def T(n, k): # T = A027960
    if (k>2*n): return 0
    elif (kG. C. Greubel, Jun 01 2019; Jun 08 2025

T(n, k) = Lucas(k+1) for k <= n, otherwise the (2n-k)th coefficient of the power series for (1+2*x)/{(1-x-x^2)*(1-x)^(k-n)}.
Recurrence: T(n, 0)=T(n, 2n)=1 for n >= 0; T(n, 1)=3 for n >= 1; and for n >= 2, T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-2) + T(n-1, k-1) for 2 <= k <= 2*n-1.
From G. C. Greubel, Jun 08 2025: (Start)
T(n, k) = A000032(k+1) - f(n, k)*[k > n], where f(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..k-n-1} binomial(2*n -k+j, j)*A000032(2*(k-n-j)).
Sum_{k=0..A004396(n+1)} T(n-k, k) = A027975(n).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k) = A027961(n).
Sum_{k=0..2*n} T(n, k) = A168616(n+2) + 2.
Sum_{k=n+1..2*n} (-1)^k*T(n, k) = A075193(n-1), n >= 1. (End)

Edited by Ralf Stephan, May 04 2005

A179606 Eight white kings and one red king on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 3x - 5x^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 17, 71, 298, 1249, 5237, 21956, 92053, 385939, 1618082, 6783941, 28442233, 119246404, 499950377, 2096083151, 8788001338, 36844419769, 154473265997, 647641896836, 2715292020493, 11384085545659, 47728716739442

Offset: 0

Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 28 2010

a(n) represents the number of n-move routes of a fairy chess piece starting in the central square (m = 5) on a 3 X 3 chessboard. This fairy chess piece behaves like a king on the eight side and corner squares but on the central square the king goes crazy and turns into a red king, see A179596.
The sequence above corresponds to 24 red king vectors, i.e., A[5] vectors, with decimal values 27, 30, 51, 54, 57, 60, 90, 114, 120, 147, 150, 153, 156, 177, 180, 210, 216, 240, 282, 306, 312, 402, 408 and 432. These vectors lead for the corner squares to A015523 and for the side squares to A152187.
This sequence belongs to a family of sequences with g.f. (1 + (k-4)*x)/(1 - 3*x - k*x^2). Red king sequences that are members of this family are A007483 (k= 2), A015521 (k=4), A179606 (k=5; this sequence), A154964 (k=6), A179603 (k=7) and A179599 (k=8). We observe that there is no red king sequence for k=3. Other members of this family are A006190 (k=1), A133494 (k=0) and A168616 (k=-2).
Inverse binomial transform of A052918.
The sequence b(n+1) = 6*a(n), n >= 0 with b(0)=1, is a berserker sequence, see A180147. The b(n) sequence corresponds to 16 A[5] vectors with decimal values between 111 and 492. These vectors lead for the corner squares to sequence c(n+1)=4*A179606(n), n >= 0 with c(0)=1, and for the side squares to A180140. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 14 2010
Equals the INVERT transform of A063782: (1, 3, 10, 32, 104, ...). Example: a(3) = 71 = (1, 1, 4, 7) dot (32, 10, 3, 1) = (32 + 10 + 12 + 17). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1603
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,5).

Cf. A179597 (central square).

Cf. A072263, A072264, A152187, A197189.

with(LinearAlgebra): nmax:=22; m:=5; A[1]:= [0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0]: A[2]:= [1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0]: A[3]:= [0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0]: A[4]:= [1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0]: A[5]:= [0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1]: A[6]:= [0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1]: A[7]:= [0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0]: A[8]:= [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1]: A[9]:= [0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0]: A:=Matrix([A[1],A[2],A[3],A[4],A[5],A[6],A[7],A[8],A[9]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax);

CoefficientList[Series[(1+x)/(1-3*x-5*x^2), {x, 0, 22}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{3,5,0},{1,4},23] (* Indranil Ghosh, Mar 05 2017 *)

print(Vec((1 + x)/(1- 3*x - 5*x^2) + O(x^23))); \\ Indranil Ghosh, Mar 05 2017

G.f.: (1+x)/(1 - 3*x - 5*x^2).
a(n) = A015523(n) + A015523(n+1).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 5*a(n-2) with a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 4.
a(n) = ((29 + 7*sqrt(29))*A^(-n-1) + (29-7*sqrt(29))*B^(-n-1))/290 with A = (-3+sqrt(29))/10 and B = (-3-sqrt(29))/10
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = (-1)^(n+1)*A000351(n)*A130196(n)/(A015523(n)*sqrt(29) - A072263(n)) for n >= 1.

A238976 a(n) = ((3^(n-1)-1)^2)/4.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 16, 169, 1600, 14641, 132496, 1194649, 10758400, 96845281, 871666576, 7845176329, 70607118400, 635465659921, 5719195722256, 51472775849209, 463255025689600, 4169295360346561, 37523658630539536, 337712928837117289, 3039416363020840000, 27354747277647913201, 246192725530212278416

Offset: 1

Kival Ngaokrajang, Mar 07 2014

If the Cantor square fractal is modified as shown in the illustration (see Links), then 4*a(n) is the total number of holes in the modified Cantor square fractal after n iterations. The total number of sides (outside) is 4*A171498(n-1). The total length of the sides (outside) converges to 20 when the initial total side length is 12 (starting with 5 unit squares).
For the Cantor square fractal, the total number of sides (outside) is 4*A168616(n+2). The total number of holes is 4*A060867(n-1) for n > 1. The total length of the sides (outside) converges to 12 with the same initial condition (i.e., 5 unit square); its maximum is 17.333... and is reached at n = 2, 3. The Cantor square fractal and modified one are not true fractals.
See illustrations in links.

Kival Ngaokrajang, Illustrations of initial terms
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Cantor Square Fractal
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (13,-39,27)

Cf. A024023, A060867, A060868, A168616, A171498.

a(n) = ((3^(n-1)-1)^2)/4; \\ Joerg Arndt, Mar 08 2014

a(n) = (A024023(n-1))^2/4.

G.f.: x*(3*x + 1)/((1-x)*(1-3*x)*(1-9*x)). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 14 2014

A367559 Square array T(n, k) = 2^k - n, read by ascending antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 2, -1, 1, 4, -2, 0, 3, 8, -3, -1, 2, 7, 16, -4, -2, 1, 6, 15, 32, -5, -3, 0, 5, 14, 31, 64, -6, -4, -1, 4, 13, 30, 63, 128, -7, -5, -2, 3, 12, 29, 62, 127, 256, -8, -6, -3, 2, 11, 28, 61, 126, 255, 512, -9, -7, -4, 1, 10, 27, 60, 125, 254, 511, 1024

Offset: 0

Paul Curtz, Nov 22 2023

			This sequence as square array T(n, k):
  n\k  0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    10.
  ---------------------------------------------------------.
  0 :  1    2    4    8   16   32   64  128  256  512  1024.
  1 :  0    1    3    7   15   31   63  127  255  511  1023.
  2 : -1    0    2    6   14   30   62  126  254  510  1022.
  3 : -2   -1    1    5   13   29   61  125  253  509  1021.
  4 : -3   -2    0    4   12   28   60  124  252  508  1020.
  5 : -4   -3   -1    3   11   27   59  123  251  507  1019.
  6 : -5   -4   -2    2   10   26   58  122  250  506  1018.
  7 : -6   -5   -3    1    9   25   57  121  249  505  1017.
  8 : -7   -6   -4    0    8   24   56  120  248  504  1016.
  9 : -8   -7   -5   -1    7   23   55  119  247  503  1015.
  10: -9   -8   -6   -2    6   22   54  118  246  502  1014.

Paolo Xausa, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11475 (antidiagonals 0..150, flattened).

Cf. A000079, A000225, A000325, A000295.
Cf. A000325, A000918, A084634, A036563.
Cf. A168616, A185346, A246168.
Cf. A002262, A025581.

Table[2^k-n+k,{n,0,10},{k,0,n}] (* Paolo Xausa, Nov 28 2023 *)

T(n, k) = 2^k-n \\ Thomas Scheuerle, Nov 23 2023

G.f. of row n: 1/(1-2*x) - n/(1-x).
E.g.f. of row n: exp(2*x) - n*exp(x).
T(0, k) = 2^k = A000079(k).
T(1, k) = 2^k - 1 = A000225(k).
T(2, k) = 2^k - 2 = A000918(k).
T(3, k) = 2^k - 3 = A036563(k).
T(5, k) = 2^k - 5 = A168616(k).
T(9, k) = 2^k - 9 = A185346(k).
T(10, k) = 2^k - 10 = A246168(k).
T(n, k) = 3*T(n, k-1) - 2*T(n, k-2) for k > 1.
T(n+1, k) = T(n, k) + 1.
T(n, n) = 2^n - n = A000325(n).
Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n - k, k) = A084634(n).
a(n) = 2^A002262(n) - A025581(n).
G.f.: (1 - 2*x - y + 3*x*y)/((1 - x)^2*(1 - y)*(1 - 2*y)). - Stefano Spezia, Nov 27 2023

A224380 Table read by antidiagonals of numbers of form (2^n -1)*2^(m+2) + 3 where n>=1, m>=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

11, 19, 27, 35, 51, 59, 67, 99, 115, 123, 131, 195, 227, 243, 251, 259, 387, 451, 483, 499, 507, 515, 771, 899, 963, 995, 1011, 1019, 1027, 1539, 1795, 1923, 1987, 2019, 2035, 2043, 2051, 3075, 3587, 3843, 3971, 4035, 4067, 4083, 4091, 4099, 6147, 7171, 7683, 7939, 8067, 8131, 8163, 8179

Offset: 1

Brad Clardy, Apr 05 2013

The table has row labels 2^n - 1 and column labels 2^(m+2). The table entry is row*col + 3. A MAGMA program is provided that generates the numbers in a table format. The sequence is read along the antidiagonals starting from the top left corner. Using the lexicographic ordering of A057555  the sequence is:
A(n) = Table(i,j) with (i,j)=(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(1,3),(2,2),(3,1)...
+3  |    8    16    32    64   128    256    512 ...
----|-------------------------------------------
1   |   11    19    35    67   131    259    515
3   |   27    51    99   195   387    771   1539
7   |   59   115   227   451   899   1795   3587
15  |  123   243   483   963  1923   3843   7683
31  |  251   499   995  1987  3971   7939  15875
63  |  507  1011  2019  4035  8067  16131  32259
127 | 1019  2035  4067  8131 16259  32515  65027
...
All of these numbers have the following property: let m be a member of A(n); if a sequence B(n) = all i such that i XOR (m - 1) = i - (m - 1), then the differences between successive members of B(n) is an alternating series of 1's and 3's with the last difference in the pattern m. The number of alternating 1's and 3's in the pattern is 2^(j+1) - 1, where j is the column index.
As an example consider A(1) which is 11, the sequence B(n) where i XOR 10 = i - 10 starts as 10, 11, 14, 15, 26, 27, 30, 31, 42, ... (A214864) with successive differences of 1, 3, 1, 11.
Main diagonal is A191341, the largest k such that k-1 and k+1 in binary representation have the same number of 1's and 0's

Brad Clardy, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000

Cf. A057555(lexicographic ordering), A214864(example), A224195.
Rows: A062729(i=1), A147595(2 n>=5), A164285(3 n>=3).
Cols: A168616(j=1 n>=4).
Diagonal: A191341.

//program generates values in a table form,row labels of 2^i -1
for i:=1 to 10 do
    m:=2^i - 1;
    m, [ m*2^n +1 : n in [1..10]];
end for;
//program generates sequence in lexicographic ordering of A057555, read
//along antidiagonals from top. Primes in the sequence are marked with *.
for i:=2 to 18 do
    for j:=1 to i-1 do
       m:=2^j -1;
       k:=m*2^(2+i-j) + 3;
       if IsPrime(k) then k, "*";
          else k;
       end if;;
    end for;
end for;

a(n) = 2^(A057555(2*n - 1))*2^(A057555(2*n) + 2) + 3 for n>=1.

A246168 a(n) = 2^n - 10.

Original entry on oeis.org

-9, -8, -6, -2, 6, 22, 54, 118, 246, 502, 1014, 2038, 4086, 8182, 16374, 32758, 65526, 131062, 262134, 524278, 1048566, 2097142, 4194294, 8388598, 16777206, 33554422, 67108854, 134217718, 268435446, 536870902, 1073741814, 2147483638

Offset: 0

Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 18 2014

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-2).

Sequences of the form 2^n-k: A000079 (k=0), A000225 (k=1), A000918 (k=2), A036563 (k=3), A028399 (k=4), A168616 (k=5), A131130 (k=6), A048490 (k=7), A159741 (k=8), A185346 (k=9), this sequence (k=10).

Magma
```
[2^n-10: n in [0..40]];
```

Table[2^n - 10, {n, 0, 35}] (* or *) CoefficientList[Series[(-9 + 19 x)/(1 - 3 x + 2 x^2), {x, 0, 35}], x]
LinearRecurrence[{3,-2},{-9,-8},50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 11 2024 *)

vector(50, n, 2^(n-1)-10) \\ Derek Orr, Aug 18 2014

G.f.: (-9+19*x)/(1-3*x+2*x^2).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2).
a(n) = A000079(n) - 10.
From Elmo R. Oliveira, Dec 21 2023: (Start)
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + 10 for n>0.
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(exp(x) - 10). (End)

A267615 a(n) = 2^n + 11.

Original entry on oeis.org

12, 13, 15, 19, 27, 43, 75, 139, 267, 523, 1035, 2059, 4107, 8203, 16395, 32779, 65547, 131083, 262155, 524299, 1048587, 2097163, 4194315, 8388619, 16777227, 33554443, 67108875, 134217739, 268435467, 536870923, 1073741835, 2147483659, 4294967307, 8589934603, 17179869195, 34359738379

Offset: 0

Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jan 18 2016

Recurrence relation b(n) = 3*b(n - 1) - 2*b(n - 2) for n>1, b(0) = k, b(1) = k + 1, gives the closed form b(n) = 2^n + k - 1.

Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-2).

Cf. sequences with closed form 2^n + k - 1: A168616 (k=-4), A028399 (k=-3), A036563 (k=-2), A000918 (k=-1), A000225 (k=0), A000079 (k=1), A000051 (k=2), A052548 (k=3), A062709 (k=4), A140504 (k=5), A168614 (k=6), A153972 (k=7), A168415 (k=8), A242475 (k=9), A188165 (k=10), A246139 (k=11), this sequence (k=12).

Cf. A156940.

[2^n+11: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 19 2016

Table[2^n + 11, {n, 0, 35}]
LinearRecurrence[{3, -2}, {12, 13}, 40] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 19 2016 *)

a(n) = 2^n + 11; \\ Altug Alkan, Jan 18 2016

G.f.: (12 - 23*x)/(1 - 3*x + 2*x^2).
a(n) = 3*a(n - 1) - 2*a(n - 2) for n>1, a(0)=12, a(1)=13.
a(n) = A000079(n) + A010850(n).
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 0.367971714327125...
Lim_{n->oo} a(n + 1)/a(n) = 2.
E.g.f.: exp(2*x) + 11*exp(x). - Elmo R. Oliveira, Nov 08 2023

A268182 A solution to a(n+1) in {a(n)+2, a(n)-2, a(n)*2, a(n)/2} which is a rearrangement of the natural numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 3, 6, 4, 8, 10, 5, 7, 9, 11, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 24, 26, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 54, 52, 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 56, 58, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59

Offset: 1

Toby Chamberlain, Jan 28 2016

nonn

Use algorithm: when a(n)=2k+1 2k+1 -> 4k+2, 4k, 4k-2, 4k-4, ...-> 2k+2 -> *2-> 4k+4 +2-> 4k+6 -> /2-> 2k+3, 2k+5, +2... ->4k+7. This covers all numbers between 2k+1 and 4k+7 and then the algorithm can be reapplied.

Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers

Cf. A168616.

{get_next_stage(v) = local(k = (v[#v] - 1)/2);
forstep(m = 2*v[#v], 2*k + 2, -2, v = concat(v, m));
v = concat(v, [2*v[#v], 4*k + 6]);
forstep(m = v[#v]/2, 4*k + 7, 2, v = concat(v, m)); v}
a = [2, 1, 3]; \\ code assumes last entry here is odd.
\\ n-th call to function returns 2^(n + 2) more terms
while (#a < 59, a = get_next_stage(a)); a \\ Rick L. Shepherd, May 21 2016

a(n) = n if and only if n is a positive term of A168616. Also, for j > 2, a(n) < a(2^j - 5) if and only if n < 2^j - 5. - Rick L. Shepherd, May 22 2016

cp's OEIS Frontend

A027960 'Lucas array': triangular array T read by rows.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

SageMath

Formula

Extensions

A179606 Eight white kings and one red king on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 3*x - 5*x^2).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

A238976 a(n) = ((3^(n-1)-1)^2)/4.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

PARI

Formula

A367559 Square array T(n, k) = 2^k - n, read by ascending antidiagonals.

Views

Author

Keywords

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

A224380 Table read by antidiagonals of numbers of form (2^n -1)*2^(m+2) + 3 where n>=1, m>=1.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Formula

A246168 a(n) = 2^n - 10.

Views

Author

Keywords

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

A267615 a(n) = 2^n + 11.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

A179606 Eight white kings and one red king on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 3x - 5x^2).