cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A001998 Bending a piece of wire of length n+1; walks of length n+1 on a tetrahedron; also non-branched catafusenes with n+2 condensed hexagons.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 10, 25, 70, 196, 574, 1681, 5002, 14884, 44530, 133225, 399310, 1196836, 3589414, 10764961, 32291602, 96864964, 290585050, 871725625, 2615147350, 7845353476, 23535971854, 70607649841, 211822683802, 635467254244, 1906400965570, 5719200505225, 17157599124190
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

The wire stays in the plane, there are n bends, each is R,L or O; turning the wire over does not count as a new figure.
Equivalently, walks of n+1 steps on a tetrahedron, visiting n+2 vertices, with n "corners"; the symmetry group is S4, reversing a walk does not count as different. Simply interpret R,L,O as instructions to turn R, turn L, or retrace the last step. Walks are not self-avoiding.
Also, it appears that a(n) gives the number of equivalence classes of n-tuples of 0, 1 and 2, where two n-tuples are equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of operations R and C, where R denotes reversal and C denotes taking the 2's complement (C(x)=2-x). This has been verified up to a(19)=290585050. Example: for n=3 there are ten equivalence classes {000, 222}, {001, 100, 122, 221}, {002, 022, 200, 220}, {010, 212}, {011, 110, 112, 211}, {012, 210}, {020, 202}, {021, 102, 120, 201}, {101, 121}, {111}, so a(3)=10. - John W. Layman, Oct 13 2009
There exists a bijection between chains of n+2 hexagons and the above described equivalence classes of n-tuples of 0,1, and 2. Namely, for a given chain of n+2 hexagons we take the sequence of the numbers of vertices of degree 2 (0, 1, or 2) between the consecutive contact vertices on one side of the chain; switching to the other side we obtain the 2's complement of this sequence; reversing the order of the hexagons, we obtain the reverse sequence. The inverse mapping is straightforward. For example, to a linear chain of 7 hexagons there corresponds the 5-tuple 11111. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 22 2013
If we treat two wire bends (or walks, or tuples) related by turning over (or reversing) as different in any of the above-given interpretations of this sequence, we get A007051 (or A124302). Also, a(n-1) is the sum of first 3 terms in n-th row of A284949, see crossrefs therein. - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Sep 29 2017
a(n-1) is the number of color patterns (set partitions) in an unoriented row of length n using 3 or fewer colors (subsets). - Robert A. Russell, Oct 28 2018
From Allan Bickle, Jun 02 2022: (Start)
a(n) is the number of (unlabeled) 3-paths with n+6 vertices. (A 3-path with order n at least 5 can be constructed from a 4-clique by iteratively adding a new 3-leaf (vertex of degree 3) adjacent to an existing 3-clique containing an existing 3-leaf.)
Recurrences appear in the papers by Bickle, Eckhoff, and Markenzon et al. (End)
a(n) is also the number of distinct planar embeddings of the (n+1)-alkane graph (up to at least n=9, and likely for all n). - Eric W. Weisstein, May 21 2024

Examples

			There are 2 ways to bend a piece of wire of length 2 (bend it or not).
For n=4 and a(n-1)=10, the 6 achiral patterns are AAAA, AABB, ABAB, ABBA, ABCA, and ABBC.  The 4 chiral pairs are AAAB-ABBB, AABA-ABAA, AABC-ABCC, and ABAC-ABCB. - _Robert A. Russell_, Oct 28 2018
		

References

  • A. T. Balaban, Enumeration of Cyclic Graphs, pp. 63-105 of A. T. Balaban, ed., Chemical Applications of Graph Theory, Ac. Press, 1976; see p. 75.
  • S. J. Cyvin, B. N. Cyvin, and J. Brunvoll, Enumeration of tree-like octagonal systems: catapolyoctagons, ACH Models in Chem. 134 (1997), 55-70.
  • M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2.]
  • R. C. Read, The Enumeration of Acyclic Chemical Compounds, pp. 25-61 of A. T. Balaban, ed., Chemical Applications of Graph Theory, Ac. Press, 1976. [I think this reference does not mention this sequence. - N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 10 2006]
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Column 3 of A320750, offset by one. Column k = 0 of A323942, offset by two.
Cf. A124302 (oriented), A107767 (chiral), A182522 (achiral), with varying offsets.
Column 3 of A320750.
The numbers of unlabeled k-paths for k = 2..7 are given in A005418, A001998, A056323, A056324, A056325, and A345207, respectively.
The sequences above converge to A103293(n+1).

Programs

  • GAP
    a:=[];; for n in [2..45] do if n mod 2 =0 then Add(a,((3^((n-2)/2)+1)/2)^2); else Add(a,  3^((n-3)/2)+(1/4)*(3^(n-2)+1)); fi; od; a; # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 28 2018
  • Maple
    A001998 := proc(n) if n = 0 then 1 elif n mod 2 = 1 then (1/4)*(3^n+4*3^((n-1)/2)+1) else (1/4)*(3^n+2*3^(n/2)+1); fi; end;
    A001998:=(-1+3*z+2*z**2-8*z**3+3*z**4)/(z-1)/(3*z-1)/(3*z**2-1); # conjectured by Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation; gives sequence with an extra leading 1
  • Mathematica
    a[n_?OddQ] := (1/4)*(3^n + 4*3^((n - 1)/2) + 1); a[n_?EvenQ] := (1/4)*(3^n + 2*3^(n/2) + 1); Table[a[n], {n, 0, 27}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 25 2013, from formula *)
    LinearRecurrence[{4,0,-12,9},{1,2,4,10},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 10 2013 *)
    Ach[n_, k_] := Ach[n, k] = If[n<2, Boole[n==k && n>=0], k Ach[n-2,k] + Ach[n-2,k-1] + Ach[n-2,k-2]] (* A304972 *)
    k=3; Table[Sum[StirlingS2[n,j]+Ach[n,j],{j,k}]/2,{n,40}] (* Robert A. Russell, Oct 28 2018 *)
  • PARI
    Vec((1-2*x-4*x^2+6*x^3)/((1-x)*(1-3*x)*(1-3*x^2)) + O(x^50)) \\ Colin Barker, May 15 2016
    

Formula

a(n) = if n mod 2 = 0 then ((3^((n-2)/2)+1)/2)^2 else 3^((n-3)/2)+(1/4)*(3^(n-2)+1).
G.f.: (1-2*x-4*x^2+6*x^3) / ((1-x)*(1-3*x)*(1-3*x^2)). - Corrected by Colin Barker, May 15 2016
a(n) = 4*a(n-1)-12*a(n-3)+9*a(n-4), with a(0)=1, a(1)=2, a(2)=4, a(3)=10. - Harvey P. Dale, Apr 10 2013
a(n) = (1+3^n+3^(1/2*(-1+n))*(2-2*(-1)^n+sqrt(3)+(-1)^n*sqrt(3)))/4. - Colin Barker, May 15 2016
E.g.f.: (2*sqrt(3)*sinh(sqrt(3)*x) + 3*exp(2*x)*cosh(x) + 3*cosh(sqrt(3)*x))/6. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 15 2016
From Robert A. Russell, Oct 28 2018: (Start)
a(n-1) = (A124302(n) + A182522(n)) / 2 = A124302(n) - A107767(n-1) = A107767(n-1) + A182522(n).
a(n-1) = Sum_{j=1..k} (S2(n,j) + Ach(n,j)) / 2, where k=3 is the maximum number of colors, S2 is the Stirling subset number A008277, and Ach(n,k) = [n>=0 & n<2 & n==k] + [n>1]*(k*Ach(n-2,k) + Ach(n-2,k-1) + Ach(n-2,k-2)).
a(n-1) = A057427(n) + A056326(n) + A056327(n). (End)
a(2*n) = A007051(n)^2; a(2*n+1) = A007051(n)*A007051(n+1). - Todd Simpson, Mar 25 2024

Extensions

Offset and Maple code corrected by Colin Mallows, Nov 12 1999
Term added by Robert A. Russell, Oct 30 2018

A343909 Number of generalized polyforms on the tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb with n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 4, 9, 44, 195, 1186, 7385, 49444, 337504, 2353664, 16608401, 118432965, 851396696, 6163949361, 44896941979
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Drake Thomas and Peter Kagey, May 03 2021

Keywords

Comments

This sequence counts "free" polyforms where holes are allowed. This means that two polyforms are considered the same if one is a rigid transformation (translation, rotation, reflection, or a combination thereof) of the other.

Examples

			For n = 1, the a(1) = 2 polyforms are the tetrahedron and the octahedron.
For n = 2, the a(2) = 1 polyform is a tetrahedron and an octahedron connected at a face.
For n = 3, there are a(3) = 4 polyforms with 3 cells:
  - 3 consisting of one octahedron with two tetrahedra, and
  - 1 consisting of two octahedra and one tetrahedron.
For n = 4, there are a(4) = 9 polyforms with 4 cells:
  - 3 with one octahedron and three tetrahedra,
  - 5 with two octahedra and three octahedra, and
  - 1 with three octahedra and one tetrahedron.
For n = 5, there are a(5) = 44 polyforms with 5 cells:
  - 6 with one octahedron and four tetrahedra,
  - 24 with two octahedra and three tetrahedra,
  - 13 with three octahedra and two tetrahedra, and
  - 1 with four octahedra and one tetrahedron.
		

Crossrefs

Row sums of A365970.
Analogous for other honeycombs/tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A038119 (cubical), A068870 (tesseractic), A197156 (prismatic pentagonal), A197159 (floret pentagonal), A197459 (rhombille), A197462 (kisrhombille), A197465 (tetrakis square), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal), A343577 (truncated square).

Extensions

a(11)-a(16) from Bert Dobbelaere, Jun 10 2025

A197465 Number of free tetrakis polyaboloes (poly-[4.8^2]-tiles) with n cells, allowing holes, where division into tetrakis cells (triangular quarters of square grid cells) is significant.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 6, 8, 22, 42, 112, 252, 650, 1584, 4091, 10369, 26938, 69651, 182116, 476272, 1253067, 3302187, 8733551, 23142116, 61477564, 163612714, 436278921, 1165218495, 3117021788, 8349892686, 22397754046, 60153261611
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Joseph Myers, Oct 15 2011

Keywords

Comments

See the link below for a definition of the tetrakis square tiling. When a square grid cell is divided into triangles, it must be divided dexter (\) or sinister (/) according to the parity of the grid cell.

Examples

			For n=3 there are 4 triaboloes.  Of these, 2 conform to the tetrakis grid.  Each of these 2 has a unique dissection into 6 tetrakis cells. - _George Sicherman_, Mar 25 2021
		

References

  • Branko Grünbaum and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987, Sections 2.7, 6.2 and 9.4.

Crossrefs

Analogous for other tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A197156 (prismatic pentagonal), A197159 (floret pentagonal), A197459 (rhombille), A197462 (kisrhombille), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal), A343577 (truncated square).

Extensions

Name clarified by George Sicherman, Mar 25 2021
a(21)-a(26) from Aaron N. Siegel, May 18 2022
a(27)-a(29) from Bert Dobbelaere, Jun 04 2025

A343577 Number of generalized polyforms on the truncated square tiling with n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 7, 22, 93, 413, 2073, 10741, 57540, 312805, 1722483, 9564565, 53489304, 300840332, 1700347858, 9650975401
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Kagey, Apr 20 2021

Keywords

Comments

This sequence counts "free" polyforms where holes are allowed. This means that two polyforms are considered the same if one is a rigid transformation (translation, rotation, reflection or glide reflection) of the other.
a(n) >= A343417(n), the number of (n-k)-polyominoes with k distinguished vertices.

Crossrefs

Cf. A121197 (one-sided).
Analogous for other tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A197156 (prismatic pentagonal), A197159 (floret pentagonal), A197459 (rhombille), A197462 (kisrhombille), A197465 (tetrakis square), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal).

Extensions

a(11) from Drake Thomas, May 02 2021
a(12)-a(16) from John Mason, Mar 20 2022

A197159 Number of free poly-[3^4.6]-tiles (holes allowed) with n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 8, 25, 80, 291, 1036, 3875, 14561, 55624, 213951, 830712, 3244355, 12747718, 50320659, 199491045, 793754027, 3168756843, 12687184463, 50932363171
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Joseph Myers, Oct 10 2011

Keywords

References

  • Branko Grünbaum and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987, Sections 2.7, 6.2 and 9.4.

Crossrefs

Cf. A197160.
Analogous for other tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A197156 (prismatic pentagonal), A197459 (rhombille), A197462 (kisrhombille), A197465 (tetrakis square), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal), A343577 (truncated square).

Extensions

a(16)-a(20) from Bert Dobbelaere, Jun 02 2025

A197459 Number of free poly-[3.6.3.6]-tiles (holes allowed) with n cells (division into rhombi is significant).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 4, 12, 27, 78, 208, 635, 1859, 5726, 17526, 54620, 170479, 536714, 1694567, 5376764, 17110286, 54631302, 174879997, 561229678, 1805022806, 5817191196, 18781911278, 60744460580
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Joseph Myers, Oct 15 2011

Keywords

Comments

[3.6.3.6] refers to the face configuration of the rhombille tiling. - Peter Kagey, Mar 01 2020
If we draw the short diagonals of each tile in the rhombille tiling, we get a subset of edges of the regular hexagonal grid; two edges are adjacent if and only if the corresponding rhombi are adjacent. These are polyedges where angles are constrained to 120 degrees. So there is a 1-to-1 correspondence with the subset of polyedges counted in A159867 after removing polyedges with angles of 60 and/or 180 degrees. - Joseph Myers, Jul 12 2020
These are also known as polytwigs, by association with their representation as polyedges. - Aaron N. Siegel, May 15 2022

References

  • Branko Grünbaum and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987, Sections 2.7, 6.2 and 9.4.

Crossrefs

Analogous for other tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A197156 (prismatic pentagonal), A197159 (floret pentagonal), A197462 (kisrhombille), A197465 (tetrakis square), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal), A343577 (truncated square).

Extensions

a(18)-a(22) from Aaron N. Siegel, May 15 2022
a(23)-a(25) from Bert Dobbelaere, Jun 04 2025

A197462 Number of free poly-[4.6.12]-tiles (holes allowed) with n cells (division into triangles is significant).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 3, 9, 14, 38, 74, 185, 414, 1026, 2440, 6077, 14926, 37454, 93749, 237035, 599815, 1526020, 3889117, 9944523, 25475398, 65416733, 168277945, 433705325, 1119610147, 2894928713
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Joseph Myers, Oct 15 2011

Keywords

Comments

[4.6.12] refers to the face configuration of the kisrhombille tiling. - Peter Kagey, May 10 2021

References

  • Branko Gruenbaum and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987, Sections 2.7, 6.2 and 9.4.

Crossrefs

Analogous for other tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A197156 (prismatic pentagonal), A197159 (floret pentagonal), A197459 (rhombille), A197465 (tetrakis square), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal), A343577 (truncated square).

Extensions

a(20)-a(26) from Aaron N. Siegel, Jun 03 2022

A197156 Number of free poly-[3^3.4^2]-tiles (polyhouses) (holes allowed) with n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 5, 20, 56, 225, 819, 3333, 13336, 55231, 229146, 963284, 4068503, 17301000, 73893082, 317013121, 1364917667, 5896350458, 25545737979, 110968732581
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Joseph Myers, Oct 10 2011

Keywords

References

  • Branko Grünbaum and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987, Sections 2.7, 6.2 and 9.4.

Crossrefs

Analogous for other tilings: A000105 (square), A000228 (hexagonal), A000577 (triangular), A197159 (floret pentagonal), A197459 (rhombille), A197462 (kisrhombille), A197465 (tetrakis square), A309159 (snub square), A343398 (trihexagonal), A343406 (truncated hexagonal), A343577 (truncated square).

Extensions

a(16)-a(20) from Bert Dobbelaere, Jun 02 2025

A309159 Number of generalized polyforms on the snub square tiling with n cells.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 4, 10, 28, 79, 235, 720, 2254, 7146, 22927, 74137, 241461, 790838, 2603210, 8604861, 28549166, 95027832, 317229779, 1061764660, 3562113987, 11976146355
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Kagey and Peter Taylor, Jul 15 2019

Keywords

Comments

The generalized polyforms counted by this sequence are "free", which means that they are counted up to rotation and reflection.

Crossrefs

Extensions

a(19)-a(22) from Christian Sievers

A258206 Number of strictly non-overlapping holeless polyhexes of perimeter 2n, counted up to rotations and turning over.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 3, 2, 12, 14, 50, 97, 312, 744, 2291, 6186, 18714, 53793, 162565, 482416, 1467094, 4436536, 13594266, 41640513, 128564463, 397590126, 1236177615, 3852339237, 12053032356, 37802482958, 118936687722, 375079338476
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 31 2015

Keywords

Comments

Differs from A057779 for the first time at n=12 as here a(12) = 97, one less than A057779(12) because this sequence excludes polyhexes with holes, the smallest which contains six hexagons in a ring, enclosing a hole of one hex, having thus perimeter of 18+6 = 24 (= 2*12) edges.
Differs from A258019 for the first time at n=13 as here a(13) = 312, one less than A258019(13) because this sequence counts only strictly non-overlapping and non-touching polyhex-patterns, while A258019(13) already includes one specimen of helicene-like self-reaching structures.
If one counts these structures by the number of hexagons (instead of perimeter length), one obtains sequence 1, 1, 3, 7, 22, 81, ... (A018190).
a(n) is also the number of 2n-step 2-dimensional closed self-avoiding paths on honeycomb lattice, reduced for symmetry. - Luca Petrone, Jan 08 2016

References

  • S. J. Cyvin, J. Brunvoll and B. N. Cyvin, Theory of Coronoid Hydrocarbons, Springer-Verlag, 1991. See sections 4.7 Annulene and 6.5 Annulenes.

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

a(n) = (1/2) * (A258204(n) + A258205(n)).
Other observations. For all n >= 1:
a(n) <= A057779(n).
a(n) <= A258019(n).

Extensions

a(14)-a(15) from Luca Petrone, Jan 08 2016
a(16)-a(23) from Cyvin, Brunvoll & Cyvin added by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Mar 01 2023
a(24)-a(32) from Bert Dobbelaere, May 12 2025
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