cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A067760 a(n) is the least positive k such that (2n+1) + 2^k is prime, or 0 if no such k exists.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 5, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 8, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 7, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 7, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 10, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 6, 5, 3, 6
Offset: 0

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Author

Don Reble, Feb 05 2002

Keywords

Comments

From Phil Moore (moorep(AT)lanecc.edu), Dec 14 2009: (Start)
It is known that a(39278) = 0, since no such prime exists for the Sierpiński number 78557 (cf. A076336).
It has recently been discovered that 2131+2^4583176 and 41693+2^5146295 are probable primes, so a(1065) is probably 4583176 and a(20846) is probably 5146295.
At present, the only odd value less than 78557 for which no prime or strong probable prime of the form t+2^k is known is t = 40291, so a(20145) is completely unknown. In addition, for 25 values of t < 78557, only strong probable primes are known. (End)
The last case was resolved in 2011 when the probable prime 40291+2^9092392 was found as a part of a distributed project "Five or Bust". See links. - Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Mar 29 2019

Examples

			a(15)=4 because (2*15+1)+2^k is composite for k=1,2,3 and prime for k=4.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • PARI
    a(n) = {my(k=1); while (! isprime((2*n+1)+2^k), k++); k;} \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 26 2018

A180247 Prime Brier numbers: primes p such that for all k >= 1 the numbers p*2^k + 1 and p*2^k - 1 are composite.

Original entry on oeis.org

10439679896374780276373, 21444598169181578466233, 105404490005793363299729, 178328409866851219182953, 239365215362656954573813, 378418904967987321998467, 422280395899865397194393, 474362792344501650476113, 490393518369132405769309
Offset: 1

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Author

Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Aug 19 2010

Keywords

Comments

WARNING: These are just the smallest examples known - there may be smaller ones. Even the first term is uncertain. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 20 2017
There are no prime Brier numbers below 10^10. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Jan 12 2011
It is a conjecture that every such number has more than 11 digits. In 2011 I have calculated that for any prime p < 10^11 there is a k such that either p*2^k + 1 or p*2^k - 1 has all its prime factors greater than 1321. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Feb 03 2016
The first term was found by Dan Ismailescu and Peter Seho Park and the next two by Christophe Clavier (see below). See also A076335. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 03 2014
a(4)-a(9) computed in 2017 by the author.

Crossrefs

Extensions

Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 03 2014
Entry revised by Arkadiusz Wesolowski, May 29 2017

A057778 a(n) is the least odd k such that k*2^n + 1 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 3, 3, 5, 1, 15, 13, 9, 3, 5, 7, 5, 1, 9, 3, 11, 7, 11, 25, 45, 45, 5, 7, 15, 13, 23, 3, 35, 43, 9, 75, 59, 3, 15, 15, 5, 27, 3, 9, 9, 15, 35, 19, 27, 15, 23, 7, 17, 7, 51, 49, 5, 27, 29, 99, 27, 31, 53, 105, 9, 25, 9, 3, 9, 31, 23, 39, 39, 127, 23, 67, 5, 93, 29, 15, 249
Offset: 0

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Author

Labos Elemer, Nov 02 2000

Keywords

Comments

There are no Sierpiński numbers in the sequence. See A076336. - Thomas Ordowski, Aug 13 2017
Conjecture: for n > 0, a(n) = k < 2^n, so k*2^n + 1 is a Proth prime A080076. - Thomas Ordowski, Apr 13 2019

Examples

			For n = 10, the first primes in the 1024k + 1 arithmetic progression occur at k = 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, ...; 13 is the first odd number, so a(10)=13, while A035050(10)=12. The corresponding primes are 12289 and 13313.
For n = 79, the first primes in the (2^79)k + 1 = 604462909807314587353088k + 1 progression occur at k = 36, 44, 104, 249, 296, 299, so a(79)=249, the first odd number, while A035050(79)=36. The two primes arising are 21760664753063325144711169 and 150511264542021332250918913, respectively.
		

Crossrefs

Terms are not necessarily in A035050.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Table[k = 1; While[! PrimeQ[k 2^n + 1], k += 2]; k, {n, 0, 80}] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jul 04 2016 *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = k=1; while(!isprime(k*2^n+1), k+=2); k; \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 10 2013

Formula

a(n) = Min{k: 1+2^n*k is prime and k is odd}.
a(n) << 19^n by Xylouris's improvement to Linnik's theorem. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 10 2013
Conjecture: a(n) = O(n*log(n)). - Thomas Ordowski, Oct 16 2014

A092131 Distance from 2^n to the next prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 1, 5, 3, 3, 1, 9, 7, 5, 3, 17, 27, 3, 1, 29, 3, 21, 7, 17, 15, 9, 43, 35, 15, 29, 3, 11, 3, 11, 15, 17, 25, 53, 31, 9, 7, 23, 15, 27, 15, 29, 7, 59, 15, 5, 21, 69, 55, 21, 21, 5, 159, 3, 81, 9, 69, 131, 33, 15, 135, 29, 13, 131, 9, 3, 33, 29, 25, 11, 15, 29, 37, 33, 15, 11, 7, 23
Offset: 1

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Author

Helmut Richter (richter(AT)lrz.de), Mar 30 2004

Keywords

Comments

Essentially the same as A013597. - T. D. Noe, Jul 17 2007
From Jianing Song, May 28 2024: (Start)
Not every odd number is present, as no term can be equal to a Sierpiński number (for example 78557); cf. A076336. See also A067760.
Conjecture: Every odd number which is not a Sierpiński number is a term. In other words, for every odd k which is not a Sierpiński number, there exists some n >= 1 such that 2^n + 1, 2^n + 3, ..., 2^n + (k-2) are all composite while 2^n + k is prime. (End)

Examples

			a(13)=17 because 2^13=8192 and the next prime is 8209=8192+17.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A013597.
Equivalent sequence for previous prime: A013603.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Join[{0},NextPrime[#]-#&/@(2^Range[2,80])] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 06 2012 *)
  • PARI
    for(i=1,100,x=2^i;print1(nextprime(x)-x,","))

Formula

a(n) = nextprime(2^n) - 2^n.
a(n) = A007920(A000079(n)). - Michel Marcus, Oct 19 2022

A057192 Least m such that 1 + prime(n)*2^m is a prime, or -1 if no such m exists.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1, 1, 8, 2, 1, 2, 583, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 16, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4, 8, 2, 7, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 15, 2, 20, 8, 11, 6, 1, 1, 36, 1, 279, 29, 3, 4, 2, 1, 30, 1, 2, 9, 4, 7, 4, 4, 3, 10, 21, 1, 12, 2, 14, 6393, 11, 4, 3, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 6, 1, 3, 8, 5, 6, 19, 3, 2, 1, 2, 5
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Labos Elemer, Jan 10 2001

Keywords

Comments

Primes p such that p * 2^m + 1 is composite for all m are called Sierpiński numbers. The smallest known prime Sierpiński number is 271129. Currently, 10223 is the smallest prime whose status is unknown.
For 0 < k < a(n), prime(n)*2^k is a nontotient. See A005277. - T. D. Noe, Sep 13 2007
With the discovery of the primality of 10223 * 2^31172165 + 1 on November 6, 2016, we now know that 10223 is not a Sierpiński number. The smallest prime of unknown status is thus now 21181. The smallest confirmed instance of a(n) = -1 is for n = 78557. - Alonso del Arte, Dec 16 2016 [Since we only care about prime Sierpiński numbers in this sequence, 78557 should be replaced by primepi(271129) = 23738. - Jianing Song, Dec 15 2021]
Aguirre conjectured that, for every n > 1, a(n) is even if and only if prime(n) mod 3 = 1 (see the MathStackExchange link below). - Lorenzo Sauras Altuzarra, Feb 12 2021
If prime(n) is not a Fermat prime, then a(n) is also the least m such that prime(n)*2^m is a totient number, or -1 if no such m exists. If prime(n) = 2^2^e + 1 is a Fermat prime, then the least m such that prime(n)*2^m is a totient number is min{2^e, a(n)} if a(n) != -1 or 2^e if a(n) = -1, since 2^2^e * (2^2^e + 1) = phi((2^2^e+1)^2) is a totient number. For example, the least m such that 257*2^m is a totient number is m = 8, rather than a(primepi(257)) = 279; the least m such that 65537*2^m is a totient number is m = 16, rather than a(primepi(65537)) = 287. - Jianing Song, Dec 15 2021

Examples

			a(8) = 6 because prime(8) = 19 and the first prime in the sequence 1 + 19 * {2, 4, 8,1 6, 32, 64} = {39, 77, 153, 305, 609, 1217} is 1217 = 1 + 19 * 2^6.
		

References

Crossrefs

Cf. A046067 (least k such that (2n - 1) * 2^k + 1 is prime).
a(n) = -1 if and only if n is in A076336.

Programs

  • Maple
    a := proc(n)
       local m:
       m := 0:
       while not isprime(1+ithprime(n)*2^m) do m := m+1: od:
       m:
    end: # Lorenzo Sauras Altuzarra, Feb 12 2021
  • Mathematica
    Table[p = Prime[n]; k = 0; While[Not[PrimeQ[1 + p * 2^k]], k++]; k, {n, 100}] (* T. D. Noe *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = my(m=0, p=prime(n)); while (!isprime(1+p*2^m), m++); m; \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 12 2021

Extensions

Corrected by T. D. Noe, Aug 03 2005

A123159 Conjectured smallest Sierpiński numbers of the second kind S, base b=2,3,4,5,..., where S*b^n+1 is composite for all n>=1 and gcd(S+1, b-1) = 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

78557, 125050976086, 66741, 159986, 174308, 1112646039348, 1, 2344, 9175, 1490, 521, 132, 4, 91218919470156, 2500, 278, 398, 765174, 8, 1002, 6694, 182, 30651, 262638, 221, 8, 4554, 4, 867, 6360528, 1, 1854, 6, 214018, 1886, 2604, 14, 166134, 826477, 8, 13372, 2256, 4, 53474
Offset: 2

Views

Author

Robert Smith (robert_smith44(AT)hotmail.com), Oct 02 2006

Keywords

Comments

Some values with base b=2^x+1 for integers x have also been calculated - see the links.

Examples

			For base=3, S+1 should be coprime to 3-1 = 2, so S must be even. Find a covering set of multiplicative orders of primes base b and discover S by trial and error using the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A076336.

Extensions

a(6) from Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 20 2014
a(3) corrected and a(7)-a(45) from Eric Chen, Dec 16 2014

A244561 Odd integers m such that for every integer k > 0, m*2^k+1 has a divisor in the set {3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 241}.

Original entry on oeis.org

271129, 271577, 482719, 575041, 603713, 903983, 965431, 1518781, 1624097, 1639459, 2131043, 2131099, 2541601, 2931767, 2931991, 3083723, 3098059, 3555593, 3608251, 4067003, 4573999, 6134663, 6135559, 6557843, 6676921, 6678713, 6742487, 6799831, 7400371, 7523267, 7523281, 7761437, 7765021, 7892569, 8007257, 8629967, 8840599, 8871323, 9208337, 9454129, 9454157, 9854491, 9854603, 9930469, 9937637, 10192733, 10422109, 10675607
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Pierre CAMI, Jun 30 2014

Keywords

Comments

For n > 48, a(n) = a(n-48) + 11184810; the first 48 values are in the data.
The set {3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 241} is the set of prime divisors of 2^24 - 1. Hence for every p in the set the multiplicative order of 2 modulo p divides 24. Note that twice the product of {3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 241} is 11184810. - Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Mar 10 2019
Subset of provable Sierpiński numbers A076336. - Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Mar 10 2019

Crossrefs

Programs

  • PARI
    D=[3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 241];P=2*lcm(D);M=lcm(apply(d->znorder(Mod(2,d)),D));forstep(k=1,+oo,2,if(k%P==1,print();print());for(n=0,M-1,for(i=1,#D,k*Mod(2,D[i])^n+1==0 && next(2));next(2));print1(k,", ")) \\ Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Mar 10 2019

Formula

For n > 48, a(n) = a(n-48) + 11184810.

A058887 Smallest prime p such that (2^n)*p is a nontotient number.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 7, 17, 19, 19, 19, 31, 31, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Labos Elemer, Jan 08 2001

Keywords

Comments

For n=8,9,...,582, a(n) = 47. Note that A040076(47)=583.
For n=583,584,...,6392, a(n) = 383. Note that A040076(383)=6393.
Subsequent primes are 2897, 3061, 5297, and 7013 (cf. A057192 and A071628). [These are primes p such that the least e such that 2^e*p + 1 is prime sets a new record. - Jianing Song, Dec 14 2021]
Starting with some large N, a(n)=p for all n >= N. This prime p will likely be the first prime Sierpiński number, which is conjectured to be 271129.
In particular, a(n) <= 271129 for all n.
From Jianing Song, Dec 14 2021: (Start)
a(n) is the smallest prime p such that 2^e*p + 1 is composite for all 0 <= e <= n. A proof is given in the a-file below.
a(n) is also the smallest number k such that 2^n*k is a nontotient number (see A181662). (End)

Examples

			For n=1, the initial segment of {2p} sequence is nops(invphi({2p}))={4, 4, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, ...}, where the position of the first 0 is 4, corresponding to p(4)=7, so a(1)=7.
For n=8 the same initial segment is: {11, 32, 23, 18, 24, 10, 11, 4, 9, 21, 2, 16, 9, 12, 0, 14, 5, 6, 12, ...}, where the first 0 is the 15th, corresponding to p(15)=47, thus a(8)=47.
		

References

  • David Harden, Posting to Sequence Fans Mailing List, Sep 19 2010.
  • J. L. Selfridge, Solution to Problem 4995, Amer. Math. Monthly, 70:1 (1963), page 101.

Crossrefs

Cf. A005277, A007617, A057192, A071628, A076336 (Sierpiński numbers), A000010, A181662.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Needs["CNT`"]; Table[p=3; While[PhiInverse[p*2^n] != {}, p=NextPrime[p]]; p, {n,0,20}]
  • PARI
    a(n) = my(p=2); while(istotient(2^n*p), p=nextprime(p+1)); p; \\ Michel Marcus, May 14 2020

Formula

Min{p|p is prime and card(invphi((2^n)*p))=0}.
From Jianing Song, Dec 14 2021: (Start)
a(0) = 3;
a(1) = 7;
a(2) = 17;
a(3..5) = 19;
a(6..7) = 31;
a(8..582) = 47;
a(583..6392) = 383;
a(6393..9714) = 2897;
a(9715..33287) = 3061;
a(33288..50010) = 5297;
a(50011..126112) = 7013;
a(126113..31172164) = 10223.
a(n) = A181662(n) / 2^n. (End)

Extensions

Edited by T. D. Noe, Nov 15 2010
Edited by Max Alekseyev, Nov 19 2010

A243969 Integers n not of form 3m+2 such that for any integer k > 0, n*10^k+1 has a divisor in the set { 7, 11, 13, 37 }.

Original entry on oeis.org

9175, 9351, 17676, 24826, 26038, 28612, 38026, 38158, 46212, 46927, 48247, 56473, 61863, 63075, 63898, 65649, 75063, 75195, 83425, 83964, 85284, 91750, 93510, 100935
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Pierre CAMI, Jun 16 2014

Keywords

Comments

For n>24 a(n) = a(n-24) + 111111, the first 24 values are in the data.
If n is of form 3m+2 then n*10^k+1 is always divisible by 3. The sequence is a base 10 variant of provable Sierpiński numbers (A076336). It is currently unknown whether 7666*10^k+1 is always composite but based on heuristics it probably has large undiscovered primes. 7666 is the only remaining base 10 Sierpiński candidate below 9175. - Jens Kruse Andersen, Jul 09 2014

Examples

			9175*10^k+1 is divisible by 11 for k of form 6m+1, 6m+3, 6m+5, by 37 for k of form 6m (and also 6m+3), by 13 for 6m+2, and by 7 for 6m+4. This covers all k. {7, 11, 13, 37} is called a covering set. - _Jens Kruse Andersen_, Jul 09 2014
		

Crossrefs

Formula

For n>24 a(n) = a(n-24) + 111111.

Extensions

Definition corrected by Jens Kruse Andersen, Jul 09 2014

A244562 Odd integers n such that for every integer k>0, n*2^k+1 has a divisor in the set { 3, 5, 7, 13, 19, 37, 73 }.

Original entry on oeis.org

78557, 2191531, 2510177, 2576089, 7134623, 7696009, 8184977, 10275229, 10391933, 11201161, 12151397, 12384413, 12756019, 13065289, 13085029, 15168739, 16391273, 18140153, 18156631, 19436611, 19558853, 20312899, 20778931, 21610427
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Pierre CAMI, Jun 30 2014

Keywords

Comments

For n > 144 a(n) = a(n-144) + 140100870, the first 144 values are in the table.

Crossrefs

Formula

For n > 144 a(n) = a(n-144) + 140100870.
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