cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A037027 Skew Fibonacci-Pascal triangle read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 5, 3, 1, 5, 10, 9, 4, 1, 8, 20, 22, 14, 5, 1, 13, 38, 51, 40, 20, 6, 1, 21, 71, 111, 105, 65, 27, 7, 1, 34, 130, 233, 256, 190, 98, 35, 8, 1, 55, 235, 474, 594, 511, 315, 140, 44, 9, 1, 89, 420, 942, 1324, 1295, 924, 490, 192, 54, 10, 1, 144, 744, 1836
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Floor van Lamoen, Jan 01 1999

Keywords

Comments

T(n,k) is the number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,k) using steps (0,1), (1,0), (2,0). - Joerg Arndt, Jun 30 2011
T(n,k) is the number of lattice paths of length n, starting from the origin and ending at (n,k), using horizontal steps H=(1,0), up steps U=(1,1) and down steps D=(1,-1), never containing UUU, DD, HD. For instance, for n=4 and k=2, we have the paths; HHUU, HUHU, HUUH, UHHU, UHUH, UUHH, UUDU, UDUU, UUUD. - Emanuele Munarini, Mar 15 2011
Row sums form Pell numbers A000129, T(n,0) forms Fibonacci numbers A000045, T(n,1) forms A001629. T(n+k,n-k) is polynomial sequence of degree k.
T(n,k) gives a convolved Fibonacci sequence (A001629, A001872, etc.).
As a Riordan array, this is (1/(1-x-x^2),x/(1-x-x^2)). An interesting factorization is (1/(1-x^2),x/(1-x^2))*(1/(1-x),x/(1-x)) [abs(A049310) times A007318]. Diagonal sums are the Jacobsthal numbers A001045(n+1). - Paul Barry, Jul 28 2005
T(n,k) = T'(n+1,k+1), T' given by [0, 1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 19 2005
Equals A049310 * A007318 as infinite lower triangular matrices. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 28 2007
This triangle may also be obtained from the coefficients of the Morgan-Voyce polynomials defined by: Mv(x, n) = (x + 1)*Mv(x, n - 1) + Mv(x, n - 2). - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 09 2008
Row sums are A000129. - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 09 2008
Absolute value of coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of tridiagonal matrices with 1's along the main diagonal, and i's along the superdiagonal and the subdiagonal (where i=sqrt(-1), see Mathematica program). - John M. Campbell, Aug 23 2011
A037027 is jointly generated with A122075 as an array of coefficients of polynomials v(n,x): initially, u(1,x)=v(1,x)=1; for n>1, u(n,x)=u(n-1,x)+(x+1)*v(n-1)x and v(n,x)=u(n-1,x)+x*v(n-1,x). See the Mathematica section at A122075. - Clark Kimberling, Mar 05 2012
For a closed-form formula for arbitrary left and right borders of Pascal like triangle see A228196. - Boris Putievskiy, Aug 18 2013
For a closed-form formula for generalized Pascal's triangle see A228576. - Boris Putievskiy, Sep 09 2013
Row n, for n>=0, shows the coefficients of the polynomial u(n) = c(0) + c(1)*x + ... + c(n)*x^n which is the denominator of the n-th convergent of the continued fraction [x+1, x+1, x+1, ...]; see A230000. - Clark Kimberling, Nov 13 2013
T(n,k) is the number of ternary words of length n having k letters 2 and avoiding a runs of odd length for the letter 0. - Milan Janjic, Jan 14 2017
Let T(m, n, k) be an m-bonacci Pascal's triangle, where T(m, n, 0) gives the values of F(m, n), the n-th m-bonacci number, and T(m, n, k) gives the values for the k-th convolution of F(m, n). Then the classic Pascal triangle is T(1, n, k) and this sequence is T(2, n, k). T(m, n, k) is the number of compositions of n using only the positive integers 1, 1' and 2 through m, with the part 1' used exactly k times. G.f. for k-th column of T(m, n, k): x/(1 - x - x^2 - ... - x^m)^k. The row sum for T(m, n, k) is the number of compositions of n using only the positive integers 1, 1' and 2 through m. G.f. for row sum of T(m, n, k): 1/(1 - 2x - x^2 - ... - x^m). - Gregory L. Simay, Jul 24 2021

Examples

			Ratio of row polynomials R(3)/R(2) = (3 + 5*x + 3*x^2 + x^3)/(2 + 2*x + x^2) = [1+x; 1+x, 1+x].
Triangle begins:
                                 1;
                              1,    1;
                           2,    2,    1;
                        3,    5,    3,    1;
                     5,   10,    9,    4,    1;
                  8,   20,   22,   14,    5,    1;
              13,   38,   51,   40,   20,    6,    1;
           21,   71,  111,  105,   65,   27,    7,    1;
        34,  130,  233,  256,  190,   98,   35,    8,    1;
     55,  235,  474,  594,  511,  315,  140,   44,    9,    1;
  89,  420,  942, 1324, 1295,  924,  490,  192,   54,   10,    1;
		

Crossrefs

A038112(n) = T(2n, n). A038137 is reflected version. Maximal row entries: A038149.
Diagonal differences are in A055830. Vertical sums are in A091186.
Some other Fibonacci-Pascal triangles: A027926, A036355, A074829, A105809, A109906, A111006, A114197, A162741, A228074.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a037027 n k = a037027_tabl !! n !! k
    a037027_row n = a037027_tabl !! n
    a037027_tabl = [1] : [1,1] : f [1] [1,1] where
       f xs ys = ys' : f ys ys' where
         ys' = zipWith3 (\u v w -> u + v + w) (ys ++ [0]) (xs ++ [0,0]) ([0] ++ ys)
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 07 2012
  • Maple
    T := (n,k) -> `if`(n=0,1,binomial(n,k)*hypergeom([(k-n)/2, (k-n+1)/2], [-n], -4)): seq(seq(simplify(T(n,k)), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Peter Luschny, Apr 25 2016
    # Uses function PMatrix from A357368. Adds a row above and a column to the left.
    PMatrix(10, n -> combinat:-fibonacci(n)); # Peter Luschny, Oct 07 2022
  • Mathematica
    Mv[x, -1] = 0; Mv[x, 0] = 1; Mv[x, 1] = 1 + x; Mv[x_, n_] := Mv[x, n] = ExpandAll[(x + 1)*Mv[x, n - 1] + Mv[x, n - 2]]; Table[ CoefficientList[ Mv[x, n], x], {n, 0, 10}] // Flatten (* Roger L. Bagula, Apr 09 2008 *)
    Abs[Flatten[Table[CoefficientList[CharacteristicPolynomial[Array[KroneckerDelta[#1,#2]+KroneckerDelta[#1,#2+1]*I+KroneckerDelta[#1,#2-1]*I&,{n,n}],x],x],{n,1,20}]]] (* John M. Campbell, Aug 23 2011 *)
    T[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k] Hypergeometric2F1[(k-n)/2, (k-n+1)/2, -n, -4];
    Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 16 2019, after Peter Luschny *)
  • PARI
    {T(n, k) = if( k<0 || k>n, 0, if( n==0 && k==0, 1, T(n-1, k) + T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-2, k)))}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 29 2003 */
    
  • PARI
    T(n,k)=if(nPaul D. Hanna, Feb 27 2004
    

Formula

T(n, m) = T'(n-1, m) + T'(n-2, m) + T'(n-1, m-1), where T'(n, m) = T(n, m) for n >= 0 and 0< = m <= n and T'(n, m) = 0 otherwise.
G.f.: 1/(1 - y - y*z - y^2).
G.f. for k-th column: x/(1-x-x^2)^k.
T(n, m) = Sum_{k=0..n-m} binomial(m+k, m)*binomial(k, n-k-m), n >= m >= 0, otherwise 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 17 2002
T(n, m) = ((n-m+1)*T(n, m-1) + 2*(n+m)*T(n-1, m-1))/(5*m), n >= m >= 1; T(n, 0)= A000045(n+1); T(n, m)= 0 if n < m. - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 12 2000
Chebyshev coefficient triangle (abs(A049310)) times Pascal's triangle (A007318) as product of lower triangular matrices. T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..n} binomial((n+j)/2, j)*(1+(-1)^(n+j))*binomial(j, k)/2. - Paul Barry, Dec 22 2004
Let R(n) = n-th row polynomial in x, with R(0)=1, then R(n+1)/R(n) equals the continued fraction [1+x;1+x, ...(1+x) occurring (n+1) times ..., 1+x] for n >= 0. - Paul D. Hanna, Feb 27 2004
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n-j,j)*binomial(n-2*j,k); in Egorychev notation, T(n,k) = res_w(1-w-w^2)^(-k-1)*w^(-n+k+1). - Paul Barry, Sep 13 2006
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000045(n+1), A000129(n+1), A006190(n+1), A001076(n+1), A052918(n), A005668(n+1), A054413(n), A041025(n), A099371(n+1), A041041(n), A049666(n+1), A041061(n), A140455(n+1), A041085(n), A154597(n+1), A041113(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 29 2009
T((m+1)*n+r-1, m*n+r-1)*r/(m*n+r) = Sum_{k=1..n} k/n*T((m+1)*n-k-1, m*n-1)*(r+k,r), n >= m > 1.
T(n-1,m-1) = (m/n)*Sum_{k=1..n-m+1} k*A000045(k)*T(n-k-1,m-2), n >= m > 1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Mar 17 2011
T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*hypergeom([(k-n)/2, (k-n+1)/2], [-n], -4) for n >= 1. - Peter Luschny, Apr 25 2016

Extensions

Examples from Paul D. Hanna, Feb 27 2004

A168561 Riordan array (1/(1-x^2), x/(1-x^2)). Unsigned version of A049310.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 1, 0, 6, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 10, 0, 6, 0, 1, 1, 0, 10, 0, 15, 0, 7, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 8, 0, 1, 1, 0, 15, 0, 35, 0, 28, 0, 9, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 35, 0, 56, 0, 36, 0, 10, 0, 1, 1, 0, 21, 0, 70, 0, 84, 0, 45, 0, 11, 0, 1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Nov 29 2009

Keywords

Comments

Row sums: A000045(n+1), Fibonacci numbers.
A168561*A007318 = A037027, as lower triangular matrices. Diagonal sums : A077957. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 02 2009
T(n,k) is the number of compositions of n+1 into k+1 odd parts. Example: T(4,2)=3 because we have 5 = 1+1+3 = 1+3+1 = 3+1+1.
Coefficients of monic Fibonacci polynomials (rising powers of x). Ftilde(n, x) = x*Ftilde(n-1, x) + Ftilde(n-2, x), n >=0, Ftilde(-1,x) = 0, Ftilde(0, x) = 1. G.f.: 1/(1 - x*z - z^2). Compare with Chebyshev S-polynomials (A049310). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 29 2014

Examples

			The triangle T(n,k) begins:
n\k 0  1   2   3   4    5    6    7    8    9  10  11  12  13 14 15 ...
0:  1
1:  0  1
2:  1  0   1
3:  0  2   0   1
4:  1  0   3   0   1
5:  0  3   0   4   0    1
6:  1  0   6   0   5    0    1
7:  0  4   0  10   0    6    0    1
8:  1  0  10   0  15    0    7    0    1
9:  0  5   0  20   0   21    0    8    0    1
10: 1  0  15   0  35    0   28    0    9    0   1
11: 0  6   0  35   0   56    0   36    0   10   0   1
12: 1  0  21   0  70    0   84    0   45    0  11   0   1
13: 0  7   0  56   0  126    0  120    0   55   0  12   0   1
14: 1  0  28   0 126    0  210    0  165    0  66   0  13   0  1
15: 0  8   0  84   0  252    0  330    0  220   0  78   0  14  0  1
... reformatted by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 29 2014.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A162515 (rows reversed), A112552, A102426 (deflated).

Programs

  • Maple
    A168561:=proc(n,k) if n-k mod 2 = 0 then binomial((n+k)/2,k) else 0 fi end proc:
    seq(seq(A168561(n,k),k=0..n),n=0..12) ; # yields sequence in triangular form
  • Mathematica
    Table[If[EvenQ[n + k], Binomial[(n + k)/2, k], 0], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Apr 16 2017 *)
  • PARI
    T(n,k) = if ((n+k) % 2, 0, binomial((n+k)/2,k));
    tabl(nn) = for (n=0, nn, for (k=0, n, print1(T(n,k), ", ")); print();); \\ Michel Marcus, Oct 09 2016

Formula

Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A059841(n), A000045(n+1), A000129(n+1), A006190(n+1), A001076(n+1), A052918(n), A005668(n+1), A054413(n), A041025(n), A099371(n+1), A041041(n), A049666(n+1), A041061(n), A140455(n+1), A041085(n), A154597(n+1), A041113(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 02 2009
T(2n,2k) = A085478(n,k). T(2n+1,2k+1) = A078812(n,k). Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(n-k) = A000012(n), A000045(n+1), A006131(n), A015445(n), A168579(n), A122999(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 02 2009
T(n,k) = binomial((n+k)/2,k) if (n+k) is even; otherwise T(n,k)=0.
G.f.: (1-z^2)/(1-t*z-z^2) if offset is 1.
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-2,k), T(0,0) = 1, T(0,1) = 0. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 09 2012
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)^2 = A051286(n). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 09 2012
From R. J. Mathar, Feb 04 2022: (Start)
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*k = A001629(n+1).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*k^2 = 0,1,4,11,... = 2*A055243(n)-A099920(n+1).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*k^3 = 0,1,8,29,88,236,... = 12*A055243(n) -6*A001629(n+2) +A001629(n+1)-6*(A001872(n)-2*A001872(n-1)). (End)

Extensions

Typo in name corrected (1(1-x^2) changed to 1/(1-x^2)) by Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 20 2010

A111006 Another version of Fibonacci-Pascal triangle A037027.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 1, 5, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 10, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 9, 20, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 22, 38, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 14, 51, 71, 34, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 40, 111, 130, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 105, 233, 235, 89, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 65, 256, 474, 420, 144
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Oct 02 2005

Keywords

Comments

Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows, given by [0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...] DELTA [1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.
Row sums are the Jacobsthal numbers A001045(n+1) and column sums form Pell numbers A000129.
Maximal column entries: A038149 = {1, 1, 2, 5, 10, 22, ...}.
T(n,k) gives a convolved Fibonacci sequence (A001629, A001872, ...).
Triangle read by rows: T(n,n-k) is the number of ways to tile a 2 X n rectangle with k pieces of 2 X 2 tiles and n-2k pieces of 1 X 2 tiles (0 <= k <= floor(n/2)). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 17 2014
Diagonal sums are A013979(n). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 17 2014
T(n,k) is the number of ways to tile a 2 X n rectangle with k pieces of 2 X 2 tiles and 1 X 2 tiles. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 14 2014

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1, 2;
  0, 0, 2, 3;
  0, 0, 1, 5,  5;
  0, 0, 0, 3, 10,  8;
  0, 0, 0, 1,  9, 20, 13;
  0, 0, 0, 0,  4, 22, 38,  21;
  0, 0, 0, 0,  1, 14, 51,  71,  34;
  0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  5, 40, 111, 130,  55;
  0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  1, 20, 105, 233, 235,  89;
  0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  6,  65, 256, 474, 420, 144;
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000045, A000129, A001045, A037027, A038112, A038149, A084938, A128100 (reversed version).
Some other Fibonacci-Pascal triangles: A027926, A036355, A037027, A074829, A105809, A109906, A114197, A162741, A228074.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a111006 n k = a111006_tabl !! n !! k
    a111006_row n = a111006_tabl !! n
    a111006_tabl =  map fst $ iterate (\(us, vs) ->
       (vs, zipWith (+) (zipWith (+) ([0] ++ us ++ [0]) ([0,0] ++ us))
                        ([0] ++ vs))) ([1], [0,1])
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2013

Formula

T(0, 0) = 1, T(n, k) = 0 for k < 0 or for n < k, T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-2, k-1) + T(n-2, k-2).
T(n, k) = A037027(k, n-k). T(n, n) = A000045(n+1). T(3n, 2n) = (n+1)*A001002(n+1) = A038112(n).
G.f.: 1/(1-yx(1-x)-x^2*y^2). - Paul Barry, Oct 04 2005
Sum_{k=0..n} x^k*T(n,k) = (-1)^n*A053524(n+1), (-1)^n*A083858(n+1), (-1)^n*A002605(n), A033999(n), A000007(n), A001045(n+1), A083099(n) for x = -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 02 2006
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(n-k) = A053404(n), A015447(n), A015446(n), A015445(n), A015443(n), A015442(n), A015441(n), A015440(n), A006131(n), A006130(n), A001045(n+1), A000045(n+1) for x = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 17 2014

A124137 A signed aerated and skewed version of A038137.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 2, 0, -2, 0, 3, 1, 0, -5, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, -10, 0, 8, -1, 0, 9, 0, -20, 0, 13, 0, -4, 0, 22, 0, -38, 0, 21, 1, 0, -14, 0, 51, 0, -71, 0, 34, 0, 5, 0, -40, 0, 111, 0, -130, 0, 55, -1, 0, 20, 0, -105, 0, 233, 0, -235, 0, 89
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Nov 30 2006

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1;
0, 1;
-1, 0, 2;
0, -2, 0, 3;
1, 0, -5, 0, 5;
0, 3, 0, -10, 0, 8;
-1, 0, 9, 0, -20, 0, 13;
0, -4, 0, 22, 0, -38, 0, 21;
1, 0, -14, 0, 51, 0, -71, 0, 34;
0, 5, 0, -40, 0, 111, 0, -130, 0, 55;
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    T[0, 0]:= 1; T[n_, n_]:= Fibonacci[n + 1]; T[n_, k_]:= T[n, k] = If[k < 0 || n < k, 0, T[n - 1, k - 1] + T[n - 2, k - 2] - T[n - 2, k]]; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten  (* G. C. Greubel, May 27 2018 *)
  • PARI
    {T(n,k) = if(n==0 && k==0, 1, if(k==n, fibonacci(n+1), if(k<0 || nG. C. Greubel, May 27 2018

Formula

T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-2,k-2) - T(n-2,k), T(0,0)=1, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if nA000045(n+1).
Sum_{0<=k<=n} x^k*T(n,k)= A014983(n+1), A033999(n), A056594(n), A000012(n), A015518(n+1), A015525(n+1) for x=-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 respectively.

Extensions

Corrected and extended by Philippe Deléham, Apr 05 2012

A128100 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of ways to tile a 2 X n rectangle with k pieces of 2 X 2 tiles and n-2k pieces of 1 X 2 tiles (0 <= k <= floor(n/2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 5, 5, 1, 8, 10, 3, 13, 20, 9, 1, 21, 38, 22, 4, 34, 71, 51, 14, 1, 55, 130, 111, 40, 5, 89, 235, 233, 105, 20, 1, 144, 420, 474, 256, 65, 6, 233, 744, 942, 594, 190, 27, 1, 377, 1308, 1836, 1324, 511, 98, 7, 610, 2285, 3522, 2860, 1295, 315, 35, 1, 987, 3970
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Feb 18 2007

Keywords

Comments

Row sums are the Jacobsthal numbers (A001045). Column 0 yields the Fibonacci numbers (A000045); the other columns yield convolved Fibonacci numbers (A001629, A001628, A001872, A001873, etc.). Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} k*T(n,k) = A073371(n-2).
Triangle T(n,k), with zeros omitted, given by (1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012
Riordan array (1/(1-x-x^2), x^2/(1-x-x^2)), with zeros omitted. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 06 2012
Diagonal sums are A000073(n+2) (tribonacci numbers). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 16 2014
Number of induced subgraphs of the Fibonacci cube Gamma(n-1) that are isomorphic to the hypercube Q_k. Example: row n=4 is 5, 5, 1; indeed, the Fibonacci cube Gamma(3) is a square with an additional pendant edge attached to one of its vertices; it has 5 vertices (i.e., Q_0's), 5 edges (i.e., Q_1's) and 1 square (i.e., Q_2). - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 12 2014
Row n gives the coefficients of the polynomial p(n,x) defined as the numerator of the rational function given by f(n,x) = 1 + (x + 1)/f(n-1,x), where f(x,0) = 1. Conjecture: for n > 2, p(n,x) is irreducible if and only if n is a (prime - 2). - Clark Kimberling, Oct 22 2014

Examples

			Triangle starts:
   1;
   1;
   2,  1;
   3,  2;
   5,  5,  1;
   8, 10,  3;
  13, 20,  9,  1;
  21, 38, 22,  4;
From _Philippe Deléham_, Jan 24 2012: (Start)
Triangle (1, 1, -1, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, ...) begins:
   1;
   1,  0;
   2,  1,  0;
   3,  2,  0,  0;
   5,  5,  1,  0,  0;
   8, 10,  3,  0,  0,  0;
  13, 20,  9,  1,  0,  0,  0;
  21, 38, 22,  4,  0,  0,  0,  0; (End)
From _Clark Kimberling_, Oct 22 2014: (Start)
Here are the first 4 polynomials p(n,x) as in Comment and generated by Mathematica program:
  1
  2 +  x
  3 + 2x
  5 + 5x + x^2. (End)
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    G:=1/(1-z-(1+t)*z^2): Gser:=simplify(series(G,z=0,19)): for n from 0 to 16 do P[n]:=sort(coeff(Gser,z,n)) od: for n from 0 to 16 do seq(coeff(P[n],t,j),j=0..floor(n/2)) od; # yields sequence in triangular form
  • Mathematica
    p[x_, n_] := 1 + (x + 1)/p[x, n - 1]; p[x_, 1] = 1;
    Numerator[Table[Factor[p[x, n]], {n, 1, 20}]]  (* Clark Kimberling, Oct 22 2014 *)

Formula

G.f.: 1/(1-z-(1+t)z^2).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A053404(n), A015447(n), A015446(n), A015445(n), A015443(n), A015442(n), A015441(n), A015440(n), A006131(n), A006130(n), A001045(n+1), A000045(n+1), A000012(n), A010892(n), A107920(n+1), A106852(n), A106853(n), A106854(n), A145934(n), A145976(n), A145978(n), A146078(n), A146080(n), A146083(n), A146084(n) for x = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, and -13, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k) + T(n-2,k-1). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 24 2012
G.f.: T(0)/2, where T(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - (2*k+1+ x*(1+y))*x/((2*k+2+ x*(1+y))*x + 1/T(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Nov 06 2013
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=k..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-i,i)*binomial(i,k). See Corollary 3.3 in the Klavzar et al. link. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 12 2014

A128505 Irregular triangular array a(n,m) for third (k=3) convolution of Chebyshev's S(n,x) = U(n,x/2) polynomials, read by rows (n >=0, 0 <= m <= floor(n/2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 10, -4, 20, -20, 35, -60, 10, 56, -140, 60, 84, -280, 210, -20, 120, -504, 560, -140, 165, -840, 1260, -560, 35, 220, -1320, 2520, -1680, 280, 286, -1980, 4620, -4200, 1260, -56, 364, -2860, 7920, -9240, 4200, -504, 455, -4004, 12870, -18480, 11550, -2520, 84, 560, -5460, 20020, -34320
Offset: 0

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Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 04 2007

Keywords

Comments

S3(n,x) := Sum_{k=0..n} S(n-k,x)*S2(k,x) = Sum_{m=0..floor(n/2)} a(n,m)*x^(n-2*m) with the second convolution S2(n,x) given by array A128503.
Row polynomials P3(n,x) := Sum_{m=0..floor(n/2)} a(n,m)*x^m (increasing powers of x).

Examples

			  1;
  4;
  10,   -4;
  20,  -20;
  35,  -60,  10;
  56, -140,  60;
  84, -280, 210,  -20;
  120,-504, 560, -140;
  ...
n=4: [35,-60,10] stands also for the row polynomial P3(4,x) = 35-60*x+10*x^2.
		

Crossrefs

Row sums (signed array) give A128506. Unsigned row sums are A001872.
Cf. A128503 (k=2 convolution).

Formula

a(n,m) = binomial(n-m+3,3)*binomial(n-m,m)*(-1)^m, m = 0..floor(n/2), n >= 0.
a(n,m) = binomial(m+3,3)*binomial(n-m+3,m+3)*(-1)^m, m = 0..floor(n/2), n >= 0.
G.f. for S3(n,x): 1/(1-x*z+z^2)^4.
G.f. for P3(n,x): 1/(1-z+x*z^2)^4.

Extensions

Name edited by Petros Hadjicostas, Sep 04 2019

A238241 Riordan array (1/(1-x-x^2)^2, x/(1-x-x^2)^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 5, 4, 1, 10, 14, 6, 1, 20, 40, 27, 8, 1, 38, 105, 98, 44, 10, 1, 71, 256, 315, 192, 65, 12, 1, 130, 594, 924, 726, 330, 90, 14, 1, 235, 1324, 2534, 2472, 1430, 520, 119, 16, 1, 420, 2860, 6588, 7776, 5522, 2535, 770, 152, 18, 1, 744, 6020, 16407, 22968
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Feb 20 2014

Keywords

Comments

Row sums are A097472(n).

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1;
2, 1;
5, 4, 1;
10, 14, 6, 1;
20, 40, 27, 8, 1;
38, 105, 98, 44, 10, 1;
71, 256, 315, 192, 65, 12, 1;
130, 594, 924, 726, 330, 90, 14, 1;
...
		

Crossrefs

Cf. Diagonals: A000012, A005843, A014106
Cf. Columns: A001629, A001872, A001874

Programs

  • Mathematica
    T[0, 0] = 1; T[n_, k_] := SeriesCoefficient[-1/(x*y - x^4 - 2*x^3 + x^2 + 2*x - 1), {x, 0, n}, {y, 0, k}]; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 29 2015, after Vladimir Kruchinin *)

Formula

T(n,k) = A037027(n+k+1, 2*k+1).
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + 2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k) - 2*T(n-3,k) - T(n-4,k), T(0,0) = 1, T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n.
G.f.: -1/(x*y-x^4-2*x^3+x^2+2*x-1). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 29 2015

A036682 T(n+3,3) with T as in A036355.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 10, 32, 84, 207, 478, 1060, 2272, 4744, 9692, 19446, 38420, 74909, 144378, 275464, 520864, 977005, 1819426, 3366182, 6191056, 11325040, 20613800, 37350060, 67389320, 121113335, 216877274, 387048080, 688559356, 1221323947
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    CoefficientList[Series[(-2x^2-2x+3)/(1-x-x^2)^4,{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{4,-2,-8,5,8,-2,-4,-1},{3,10,32,84,207,478,1060,2272},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 06 2012 *)

Formula

G.f.: (-2*x^2-2*x+3)/(1-x-x^2)^4.
a(0)=3, a(1)=10, a(2)=32, a(3)=84, a(4)=207, a(5)=478, a(6)=1060, a(7)=2272, a(n) = 4*a(n-1)-2*a(n-2)-8*a(n-3)+5*a(n-4)+8*a(n-5)-2*a(n-6)-4*a(n-7)-a(n-8). - Harvey P. Dale, May 06 2012
a(n) = 3*A001872(n)-2*A001872(n-1)-2*A001872(n-2) = A001872(n)+2*A001628(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 03 2022

A036683 T(n+4,4) with T as in A036355.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 20, 71, 207, 556, 1390, 3310, 7576, 16807, 36331, 76850, 159575, 326092, 657124, 1307992, 2575180, 5020570, 9702043, 18599391, 35397328, 66918850, 125738650, 234930380, 436660010, 807690455, 1487269940, 2727149885, 4981046893
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Programs

  • Mathematica
    LinearRecurrence[{5,-5,-10,15,11,-15,-10,5,5,1},{5,20,71,207,556,1390,3310,7576,16807,36331},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 26 2025 *)

Formula

G.f.: (x^4+2x^3-4x^2-5x+5)/(1-x-x^2)^5.
a(n) = A001628(n)+3*A001872(n)+A001873(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 03 2022

A036684 T(n+5,5) with T as in A036355.

Original entry on oeis.org

8, 38, 149, 478, 1390, 3736, 9496, 23080, 54127, 123230, 273653, 594878, 1269532, 2665912, 5518900, 11280856, 22797331, 45599656, 90362560, 177550600, 346157050, 670060100, 1288497590, 2462607020, 4679908400, 8846662634
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Formula

G.f.: (3x^4+6x^3-7x^2-10x+8)/(1-x-x^2)^6.
a(n)=3*A001872(n)+4*A001873(n)+A001874(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 03 2022
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